Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• generated a calibration curve to quantify the released pyrenylmethylamine through HPLC with a variable wavelength detector (HPLC-VWD) (see Supporting Information File 1). First, the Boc protecting group was removed with trifluoroacetic acid/CH2Cl2. Then the two types of nanoparticles (NP@APTES with

• sampling could lead to errors due to the heterogeneity of the mixture. Thus, after 72 h at 37 °C, the mixtures were washed several times with MeOH and the washings were diluted to a precise volume. By comparison with a calibration curve, the sample injected into the HPLC-VWD allowed the liberated μmols of

• by a factor of 20 (thus to 500 μL). The quantitative determination of 1-pyrenylmethylamine was carried out through a calibration curve (see Supporting Information File 1), and resulted in 26 μg/mL = 13.0 μg (56.1 nmol). The percent of pyrenylmethylamine released is thus 7.1%. HPLC conditions. Column

Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li and
• Huimin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.91

• features for image flattening. Additionally, a standard calibration grating (10 µm-pitch grid, Bruker) with a nominal depth of 180 nm was also applied to demonstrate the role of image flattening on morphological characterization of AFM images. All AFM images used in this study were obtained on a commercial

• . Therefore, image flattening needs to be implemented before analysis. Here we take an AFM image of a standard calibration grating as an example to validate the importance of image flattening in morphological characterization. The raw AFM image of the grating is shown in Figure 9a. The image exhibits a

• direction. The optimized flattening result can be obtained when the drift direction and the fitting direction are perpendicular to each other. Morphological characterization of a standard AFM calibration grating with and without flattening. (a) The raw AFM image of the standard calibration grating. (b

Comparative study of sculptured metallic thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition at different temperatures

• Susann Liedtke,
• Christoph Grüner,
• Jürgen W. Gerlach and
• Bernd Rauschenbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 954–962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.89

• (LN2) through the Cu-block sample holder. The substrate temperature was controlled by two independent K-type thermocouples that were mounted directly on the surface of the LN2-sample holder. Another thermocouple of the same type was directly put into liquid nitrogen to ensure a precise calibration

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• up to 2.5 μm) with a 50× objective lens. The diffraction grating was 2400 lines/mm, and the CCD camera had 1024 × 256 pixels. A standard (100) single crystalline silicon substrate was used for calibration. The analyte droplets (about 1–2 μL) were placed on the substrate and measured within ten

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• not directly discriminate between live and dead cells but a decreasing or a stagnating number of cells mean an increasing amount of dead cells in the medium, because the number of cells should increase exponentially under conventional growth conditions. Thus, this calibration procedure allows to

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• background correction technique with reference was used. The quantitative determination of Pb, Cd, and Cu was carried out by the external calibration graph technique. Synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles doped with Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, or Ni2+ To obtain doped ferrite nanoparticles, a modified co-precipitation

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• heating stage. A Perkin Elmer DSC8000 calorimeter was used for calorimetric measurements. The temperature calibration procedure was done based on the onset of the melting point of water and indium. The sample was hermetically sealed in an aluminum pan of 30 μL. The temperature-dependent Fourier transform

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• saturation at high SDS content as the calibration samples (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1B) clearly show detection of SDS at much higher absorbance (lower SDS content) than where the ASNP ink saturate. Thus it is clear the samples reach a fixed SDS content of 0.3–0.35 mg mL−1 beyond which no

• the centrifugal and crossflow ultrafiltration, the filtrates with low dilution factors have lower constant surface tensions, which then increase sharply with increasing dilution factors before plateauing at high dilution factor. Using the calibration curve for absorption vs SDS concentration

• samples consisting of 1 mL of filtrate mixed with 2 mL of a 22.5 µM MB stock solution. The UV–vis spectra of the reference (1 mL of water and 2 mL MB stock solution) and calibration standards (SDS solutions with concentrations 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1,.., 3.5 mg mL−1) are shown in Supporting Information

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• higher than for xylene, as the calibration curve indicated a linear response to increasing concentration. In addition, the simulation results showed that xylene interacts with defect sites while methanol can interact with both the pristine and the defect sites, leading to higher sensitivity, which

• temperature, (b) for 400 ppm at different working temperatures. (a) Calibration curves of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes towards xylene and methanol at 200 °C; (b) the sensitivity of the samples towards 400 ppm of CO, CH4, H2, xylene, and methanol at different working temperatures. The optimized structure of

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

• have fundamental resonance frequencies of 168.8 kHz and 46.1 kHz, respectively. The samples used are a z-calibration grating (NT-MDT TGZ3) with periodic height features of approx. 500 nm and a blend of polystyrene (PS) and polyolefin elastomer (LDPE) available from Bruker (PS-LDPE-12M). Due to the

• different elastic moduli of the PS and LPDE regions, the sample is widely used for qualitative imaging the material contrast. Imaging a TGZ3 calibration grating Higher-harmonic amplitude images with the first, second, third, sixth and seventh harmonics were obtained by the MF-LYAP and multiple parallel LIAs

• /LPDE calibration grating Higher-harmonic phase images were obtained for the first five harmonics of a Bruker DMASP cantilever. The frequency response of the cantilever in free air and the power spectrum of its deflection signal during contact are shown in Figure 10. Here, the fundamental resonance

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• ) energy, ε is electron energy and a, d are independent fitting parameters. Calibration of the electron energy has been carried out by measurement of the ionization potential of Ar atoms and calibration to its known value 15.76 eV [56] and with reference to the maximum of the electron attachment resonance

• cylindrical electrostatic analyzer. In the present measurements, electrons pass through an analyzer at the fixed predefined energy, while the potential of the analyzer is varied with respect to the target chamber. An energy calibration was carried out by measuring known argon and xenon ionization potentials

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• obtained without the need of additional height calibration using immobilized particles [23]. The red line illustrates the modeled contrast of a particle positioned in the middle of the gap. The contrast modeled as a function of gap distance d and particle height h is shown as grayscale background in Figure

Response under low-energy electron irradiation of a thin film of a potential copper precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID)

• Leo Sala,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Céline Dablemont,
• Anne Lafosse and
• Lionel Amiaud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 57–65, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.8

• fragmentation channel likely to occur during focused electron beam irradiation, especially if its desorption is high in the range of 0–5 eV . The ESD spectra of selected fragments are presented in Figure 3. Figure 3a is used for the energy calibration (see Experimental section). Figure 3b shows the detection of

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

• Weijie Zhang,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Xicheng Xia and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

• thermal calibration method [39]. For amplitude calibration the inverse optical lever sensitivity in units of nm/V was determined via a noncontact method proposed by M. J. Higgins et al. [36]. The noise level of the AFM optical detector was less than 60 μV, which corresponds to an amplitude noise of

Interactions of low-energy electrons with the FEBID precursor chromium hexacarbonyl (Cr(CO)₆)

• Jusuf M. Khreis,
• João Ameixa,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva and
• Stephan Denifl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2583–2590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.258

• electric field was kept constant at electron energies of ca. 70 eV. For the study of dissociative electron attachment, the calibration of the incident electron energy scale was done by measuring the SF6− and F− resonances of SF6. The electron energy resolution was approximately 1 eV (FWHM) [27

Nanoprofilometry study of focal conic domain structures in a liquid crystalline free surface

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko and
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2544–2551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.254

• of our study with other contributions on FCDs shows good quantitative correlation of the dimensions of the domains. This is an important result for nanoprofilometer calibration because it delivers calculated images. The FCD properties qualitatively correlate with theoretical predictions of [8

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• in Figure 1e had been deposited for 8.5 h while the working pressure during the introduction of precursor gas was maintained at 1.2 × 10−5 mbar. In a calibration experiment with nitrogen gas a chamber pressure of 1.2 × 10−5 mbar corresponded to a flux of 0.11 sccm. During such a long experiment the

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• recorded using polychromatic Al Kα excitation (14 kV, 20 mA) at an emission angle of 0°. Calibration was carried out by recording spectra with Al Kα X-rays from clean samples of copper, silver and gold at 20 eV and 10 eV pass energies and comparison with reference values. Powder X-ray diffractograms, PXRDs

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• are detailed in Supporting Information File 1. Briefly, solutions of known concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 μM of Cy3-Aβ40 were dispensed on the functionalized HSE (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). The calibration curve of the fluorescence intensity as a function of the amyloid

• concentration is reported in Figure S4 (Supporting Information File 1). A value of ca. 103 amyloid molecules captured per square micrometer was achieved. In order to find potential improvements of method, and to determine the limits of detection (LOD), a scanarray acquisition of the calibration slide was

Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite

• Patricia Gant,
• Foad Ghasemi,
• David Maeso,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Elena López-Elvira,
• Riccardo Frisenda,
• David Pérez De Lara,
• Gabino Rubio-Bollinger,
• Mar Garcia-Hernandez and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2357–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.235

• material is isolated one of the most urgent things is to establish a correlation between the thicknesses of the exfoliated flakes and their optical contrast (in order to be used as a calibration guide to identify ultrathin flakes optically) and to determine the optimal substrates to identify ultrathin

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• determination coefficient (R2) for training set, bagging validation coefficient (R2bagging) for bagging set, external validation coefficient (Q2EXT), and root-mean-square errors of calibration for the training set (RMSEC), and root-mean-square errors of validation (RMSEP) for the test set (see Equation 4-7) [55

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• calibration measurement was carried out after measurement of each sample (with the same conditions) using carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (100 nm or 200 nm) supplied by the manufacturer. The statistical data for the particle size distribution, including mean particle diameter, mode particle diameter

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• . Instrument calibration was performed using silicon samples. To investigate the stability, purity and thermal resistance of the materials, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used [11][12][13][14] (TGA/DSC-1, Mettler-Toledo, Italy). Simultaneous differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to characterize

Structural model of silicene-like nanoribbons on a Pb-reconstructed Si(111) surface

• Agnieszka Stępniak-Dybala and
• Mariusz Krawiec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1836–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.185

• by 0.3 Å longer than the expected double lattice constant in the ZZ direction, but still 0.6 Å less than the observed value. In reality the difference between experimental and theoretical values is expected to be smaller due to the scanner calibration, which is expected to overestimate distances up

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

• Ryan D. Brown,
• Rebecca C. Quardokus,
• Natalie A. Wasio,
• Jacob P. Petersen,
• Angela M. Silski,
• Steven A. Corcelli and
• S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

• ° between the two axes. This spacing is approximately 1 Å shorter than predicted from bulk crystal structures, but this is likely due to uncertainty in the lateral calibration and possible drift or warping in the image. A careful inspection of the orientation of molecules within the rows in Figure 3 reveals