Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• transmission electron microscopy (JEM 2100F) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (TESCAN-VEGA3), respectively. The magnetic behavior was determined by using a physical property measurement system (Quantum Design, USA). The colloidal stability and hydrodynamic size of NPs were studied by using a Zetasizer Nano

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• -fertilisation data were found to be harder to predict, which could reflect different exposure routes. Hence, subsequent analysis focused on the prediction of excess lethality at 120 hours-post fertilisation. The use of two data augmentation approaches, applied for the first time in nano-QSAR research, was

• these modelling results are on truly external data, which were not used to select the single descriptor model. This will require further laboratory work to generate comparable data to those studied herein. Keywords: data augmentation; embryonic zebrafish; machine learning; nanosafety; nano-QSAR

• last decade has seen a significant number of published studies present quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting the biological effects of ENMs, commonly known as nano-QSARs, based upon calculated and/or measured variables (descriptors) related to their intrinsic or extrinsic

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitriy V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Sergey A. Pavlov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

• temperatures down to sub-kelvin, such as the phase diffusion regime [1][2][3], evidence for a minigap [4], and low-noise nano-junctions [5]. Such abilities raise not only fundamental interest in HTSC JJs but also an active search for ways to practically use such JJs. In recent years, the limiting

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• themselves at various length scales. Interestingly, fractals can also be fabricated artificially in labs under controlled growth environments and be explored for various applications. Such fractals have a repeating unit that spans in length from nano- to millimeter range. Fractals thus can be regarded as

• connectors that structurally bridge the gap between the nano- and the macroscopic worlds and have a hybrid structure of pores and repeating units. This article presents a comprehensive review on inorganic fabricated fractals (fab-fracs) synthesized in labs and employed as gas sensors across materials

• ) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], nanorods [17][18][19][20], nanosheets [21][22][23], nanobelts [24][25], and nano/micro-spheres/cubes/polyhedrons [26][27][28][29] with enhanced sensitivity as a gas sensor. A rich collection of research articles and review papers on distinct morphological nanostructured

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• and dynamics of complex “meso-bio-nano” systems [14]. MBN Studio is a powerful multi-task toolkit enabling to set up and start MBN Explorer calculations, to monitor their progress, to examine calculation results, to visualize inputs and outputs, and to analyze specific characteristics determined by

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• substrate (Bruker Nano Surfaces, Santa Barbara, CA, USA); the metal regions are separated by trenches that expose the Si substrate at their bottom. Figure 1a shows the AFM topographical image of one of these trenches, bordered by Au (left) and Al (right). The CPD maps over the sample were obtained first by

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• optimized particle size and morphology. It can be incorporated into various types of nano-formulations, resulting in increased activity. Co-loading it with other compounds can lead to a synergistic effect or to minimized discrepancies in dosing, since both molecules will be simultaneously delivered. The

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• osteoblast cytotoxicity tests in cell lines (L02 and L929). Adapted from [116], J. I. González Ocampo et al., “Evaluation of cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of an injectable bone substitute of carrageenan and nano hydroxyapatite”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A., with permission from John Wiley and Sons

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• Science, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot 76100, Israel École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.12.66 Abstract Progress in computing capabilities has enhanced science in many ways. In recent years

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• (conventional and echogenic), niosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanocapsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, nanogels, gold nanoparticles, titania nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, fuel-free nano/micromotors. Keywords: smart nanomaterials; sonodynamic

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• Nanomaterials) and purchased from Iranian Nanomaterial Pioneers Company. Ag-NPs structure The Ag-NP powder was dispersed in distilled water without adding surfactants. Ag-NPs with a size of 50–80 nm and 99% purity were used (Table 1). The vendor carried out scanning electron microscopy analysis in the Nano

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Figure 1d reproduced with permission from [12], Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. Figure 1e was reproduced from [3], Nano Energy, vol. 2, by L. Lin, Y. Hu, C. Xu, Y. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. Wen, Z. L. Wang, “Transparent

• ,d was adapted from [37], Nano Energy, vol. 59, by H. Guan, T. Zhong, H. He, T. Zhao, L. Xing, Y. Zhang, X. Xue, “A self-powered wearable sweat-evaporation-biosensing analyzer for building sports big data”, pages no. 754–761, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. (d) Real-time voltage

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• Silver (nano) that insufficient data on AgNP physicochemical properties and toxicology in cosmetics hinder the health hazards caused by AgNPs [5]. Earlier, the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) raised questions on how different forms of Ag used in consumer and

• and air-drying it at room temperature. The TEM images were then used to measure the primary size (d, nm) of AgNPs for 100 particles per particle type by using the ImageJ software. The hydrodynamic diameter (dH) was determined by DLS at 25 °C using Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK

• ) equipped with a green laser (532 nm) at an angle of 173°. The values of dH were obtained as the value of the maximum peak of the size distribution by volume and reported as an average of ten measurements. The ζ potential values were determined by ELS using the same Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument. The values

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• Josephson junctions [39]. Similar multi-step irradiation routines have been used to fabricate SQUID micromagnetometers entirely using helium ion irradiation [40][41][42][43], nano-SQUID-based transimpedance amplifiers [44], and Josephson junctions in the superconducting bridge of spiral terahertz antenna

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• spectrophotometer in the 400–800 nm wavelength range. A Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer, operating at 35 mA and 40 keV, was used to scan the sample from 20° to 85° at room temperature. To examine the surface morphology of as-synthesized powder samples, the scanning electron microscopes (Nova Nano SEM 450

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• hydrogen oxidation or an organic reducing agent oxidation (e.g. methanol) occur [4][5]. The need to carry out high-rate electrode reactions requires electrocatalysts (i.e., platinum nanoparticles – NPs – or its alloys), deposited mainly onto nano/microparticles of carbon supports, which are currently the

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• arrangement in order to achieve desired macroscale properties. Thus, a theoretical understanding of the particle assembly mechanism is necessary to predict the nano/microscale structures responsible for the desired or observable properties. To our knowledge, constructal theory has never been applied

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.32 Abstract Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have recently attracted great interest because they can convert human biomechanical energy into

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• nanocomplex compared to free DOX, herein, we have used the same strategy as described in an earlier report [18] to design a multifunctional PSS-coated GNRs-based nano-platform that facilitate chemotherapy by delivering anticancerous drug at the site of action. DOX release with precise temporal and spatial

• distribution of DOX-loaded PSS-GNRs, at a different level, was determined by using a zeta potential analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS90 DLS system Malvern Instruments Ltd., England). Percentage yield The nanoparticles were collected and weighed accurately. The percentage (%) yield was then calculated using the

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• characteristics of these nanoparticles in the solvent and culture medium are shown in Table 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) Particle size distribution and zeta potential of the surface-modified MNPs in stock solution and culture medium were determined by DLS using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• result of thermal evaporation of WO3 powder on the complex TiOx/Pt3Ti(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The physisorbed tritungsten nano-oxides were found as isolated single units located on the metallic attraction points or as supramolecular self-assemblies with a W3O9-capped hexagonal

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• [37] and chemicals, and to evaluate nano–bio interactions. The exposure of nanomaterials (NM) to the environment is reported to have detrimental effects on human lungs. Pulmonary inflammation was reported in C57BL/6N mice exposed to zinc oxide (ZnO) (size of nanoparticles functionalized with

• zebrafish hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1), which caused a delay in the hatching of zebrafish embryos by 50% following its exposure to copper oxide (CuO). The group of d’Amora [51] compared the toxicity of oxidized carbon nano-onions, oxidized carbon nano-horns, and graphene oxide on the development of zebrafish

• . Concentration levels above 50 μg/mL of graphene oxide caused a higher mortality rate, delayed the hatching rate, impaired movements, and delayed embryonic development when compared to oxidized carbon nano-horns. These reports indicate that the exposure to some nanomaterials poses a threat to human health and to

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany Nano Biomaterials Group, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, D-33619 Bielefeld, Germany