Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• which can effectively conform to the outer contours of any target with autonomous deformation in a liquid environment for grasping and releasing. The robot has multiple actuation modes, for example, through trapping of magnetic microspheres or through encapsulating magnetic nanomaterials in the robot

• biomedicine and other fields, new fabrication methods of micro/nanorobots should be explored, and more biocompatible nanomaterials should be selected to reduce costs and expand applications. Finally, problems of clinical testing and practical application. There is still a long way to go before the micro

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• on diamagnetic levitation nanomaterials. Without using strong electromagnets or bulky permanent magnets, it can make the microrobot move in three dimensions in a liquid environment through diamagnetic levitation. The main purpose of this method is to eliminate friction between the substrate surface

• Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and other nanomaterials are also used in MNRs. Martel et al. [49] have demonstrated that magnetotactic bacteria embedded in ferromagnetic particles can be used as medical MNRs to control MRI-trackable propulsion and can be used in human microvascular environments. David Folio

• method to complete medical tasks with the optimal trajectory of controllable movement of MNRs in cardiovascular system was proposed. Some multiferroic nanomaterials exhibit ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism by adjusting electricity and magnetism. A variety of multifunctional devices can be prepared

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• to their greater tube–tube resistance and lower inherent carrier concentration [10]. Today, noble metal nanomaterials are extensively employed owing to their superior conduction properties [11]. Among them only silver nanowires (AgNWs) films outperform ITO films in term of transmittance and

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• engineered nanomaterials prepared by many methods that result in products with varying physicochemical properties and applications. Those used industrially are often calcined, an example is NM-212. Other nanoceria have beneficial pharmaceutical properties and are often prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• nanomaterials (ENMs), which could profoundly influence their biological effects, is not well understood. After uptake into phagolysosomes, which have a pH value of ca. 4.5, there is the potential for dissolution, changing the physicochemical, and potentially the biological, identity of ENMs. Nanoceria are a

• was selected by the OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials as one of 13 representative manufactured nanomaterials for safety testing to create an understanding of the kind of information about intrinsic nanomaterial properties that may be relevant for exposure and effects assessment [3]. A

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak Michalina Kijaczko Wojciech Kukulka Daria Baranowska Martyna Baca Beata Zielinska Ewa Mijowska Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin

• . Fabricated 2D nanomaterials were used as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from water splitting. It was found that the Cl-modification had an effect on the photocatalytic efficiency. Also, main aspects were revealed: (i) a unique location of Cl atoms at the interlayers of PCN and not on its π-conjugated

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.37 Abstract Noble metal nanomaterials are particularly suitable as photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) with high photothermal

• wavelength. In addition, the microstructure of metal nanomaterials, especially the aspect ratio (ratio between length and width), determines the position of the LSPR peak. Therefore, regulating the microstructure of nanomaterials is an effective means to control the LSPR wavelength. Au nanomaterials

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• ][37], and other methods [38][39][40][41]. Co3O4 nanomaterials with various shapes were obtained, such as films [6][16], particles [13][14][32][38], spheres [15][20][28][36], fibers [18][19], wires [21][30][40], tubes [22][32], cages [23][33], flakes [24], sheets [25][37][41], and flowers [31

• , annealing or calcination. The SCS method has been successfully used to produce spinel-structured Co3O4 nanomaterials [48][49][50][51][52]. Taking advantage of these reports, we decided to design a new SCS synthesis path in which we applied for the first time ᴅ-(+)-glucose as the reducing agent instead of

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• and could be expanded upon to fit a range of colloidal systems. Keywords: colloids; constructal law; DLVO theory; interparticle interactions; nanomaterials; self-assembly; tunable systems; Introduction Constructal theory has been used to describe a number of naturally evolving processes/phenomena

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

• Qingchun Wang and
• Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

• potential to advance conventional intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) by utilising brain-compatible soft nanomaterials. The resultant technique has significantly high spatial and temporal resolution, both of which enhance the localisation of brain functions and the mapping of dynamic language

• covering almost the whole brain. The application of novel nanomaterials has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional electrode arrays. IEEG electrode arrays electroplated with nanoparticles could lower impedance and allow for a closer contact with cortical cells, thereby providing more

• accurate recordings of cortical activity [6]. Preclinical tests using animals (rats or primates) have shown that nanomaterial-based electronics could boost the spatiotemporal accuracy and resolution of brain imaging signals [7]. In general, iEEG electrode arrays made of nanomaterials are thinner, lighter

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• properties such as significant absorption or scattering in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions, tunable aspect ratio, biocompatibility, fluorescence properties, and the ease of biofunctionalization, which makes them ideal in biomedical applications [13]. Gold-based nanomaterials (i.e., nanospheres

• , nanorods, nanoshells, and nanocages) have great potential in photothermal cancer therapy due to plasmonic properties and the ease of biofunctionalization. Gold nanorods (GNRs) are more preferable than other gold nanomaterials because of their photothermal conversion efficiency. Better nanotherapeutics can

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• the uptake of nanomaterials [54]. In agreement with our results, Yumoto et al. [55] also determined the predominant uptake of fluorescently labeled albumin via CME in A549 cells. The authors supposed that macropinocytosis but not CavME may also be involved in albumin internalization. Similarly, the

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• , 212018, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.12.15 Abstract The production of high-quality silkworm silk is of importance in sericulture in addition to the production of biomass, silk proteins, and animal feed. The distinctive properties of nanomaterials have the potential to improve the development of various

• sectors including medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture. The application of nanotechnology in sericulture not only improves the survival rate of the silkworm, promotes the growth and development of silkworm, but also improves the quality of silk fiber. Despite the positive contributions of nanomaterials

• , there are a few concerns regarding the safety of their application to the environment, in humans, and in experimental models. Some studies have shown that some nanomaterials exhibit toxicity to tissues and organs of the silkworm, while other nanomaterials exhibit therapeutic properties. This review

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• nanostructures; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology has been ubiquitously applied in almost every scientific discipline. Nanomaterials have been utilized in innumerable applications due to their unique characteristics. Novel, successful applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures can be seen in drug

• ][34][35][36], wastewater remediation [37][38], and catalysis [39][40][41][42][43], to name a few. The success of nanotechnology has been established and the promising outcomes cannot be overlooked; however, the main principles behind the production of nanomaterials are yet to be examined more closely

• its unique ability to provide advice for synthesizing nanomaterials. The biogenic/green metal nanostructures’ future is bright. Green processes are highly advantageous since they utilize naturally occurring processes to synthesize nanoparticles. The idea was first introduced in the 19th century when

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• specified target composition. Conclusion In recent years, the study of nanomaterials is one of the fastest growing areas of scientific knowledge. In scientific and technological fields, there is a special interest in studying metal binary nanoparticles among a wide range of nanosystems. These particles

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• -dimensional (1D) and 2D nanomaterials, a good electrochemical performance can be obtained [20]. Li et al. developed dodecaborate/MXene composites. Borate has strong B–B bonds and is an important photoelectric material. Due to its high optical and electrochemical activity, borate is preferred in energy storage

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. RAW 264.7 cells are particularly sensitive to the treatment with nanoparticles [42][43][44]. They are an established model of activated macrophages and they actively take up nanomaterials from biological media. This way, RAW264.7 cells mimic the behavior of

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• carbon nanotubes (CNTs), researchers have been interested in functionalizing, inserting, and encapsulating materials inside their inner cavities. Processes related to functionalizing and inserting nanomaterials (i.e., directly implanting as-synthesized nanomaterials into CNTs) have been widely reported

• in the literature are and generally compared to encapsulation processes (i.e., in situ syntheses of nanomaterials in CNT cavities). The latter suffers from a lack of tube-filling capacity along with unknown interactions between the inner parts of the tube and the hosted materials. Despite these

• ]. Although the independent benefits of the functionalization, insertion, and encapsulation of nanomaterials have been identified, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies exploring the combined advantages of having nanomaterials simultaneously located inside and outside (attached to the external

Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• individual nanomaterials can be a challenging task. However, it opens up opportunities for the production of increasingly complex nanostructures. Unusual rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures are synthesized here by simply inducing a change of precursor composition during the growth of multiwall carbon

• ; multiwall carbon nanotubes; nitrogen doping; peel off; rolled carbon nanotubes; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are popular materials used in various applications [1]. These tubular hollow carbon nanomaterials have proven to be useful in multiple scientific fields [2][3][4][5][6]. Complex structures

• for other more complex nanomaterials remains underexploited. We recently proposed new approaches to prepare such complex materials [16]. In this work it is explored how template-free 3D nanostructures can be obtained by using CNTs with junctions. Results To develop new ways to induce a compositional

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• photocatalysts is rarely reported. Nickel-based nanomaterials are of great interest for photocatalytic activity owing to their low cost, high optical absorption coefficients, and low bandgap energies [29][30][31]. Most importantly, the formation of a Schottky barrier between nickel species and titania can

• restrict the electron–hole recombination [29]. Thus, a system that seeks to combine a porous silica core as a good support for nickel-based nanomaterials with titania nanoparticles could provide a synergistic effect for good photocatalytic activity. Nickel phyllosilicate structures can be readily generated

• , and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to elucidate the morphological and textural features, optoelectronic properties, and elemental composition of the core–shell nanomaterials. These core–shell nanostructures were also employed as catalysts in a model reaction, that is, the

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• separate the catalyst powder from the solution. The absorbance of each sample during photocatalysis was measured at the maximum absorption peak of RhB. Characterization techniques and equipment The structure and phase purity of the nanomaterials synthesized here were characterized using powder X-ray

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

• Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
• Rafael F. Dias,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Alan B. de Oliveira,
• Taise M. Manhabosco,
• Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Andreij C. Gadelha,
• Cassiano Rabelo,
• Luiz G. L. Cançado,
• Ado Jorio,
• Hélio Chacham and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

• Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG); the Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) in Carbon Nanomaterials; and Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP-Grant Custeio).

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• properties of S/F nanosystem formation, it would be very useful to develop new integrated methods that combine theoretical modeling and experimental methods for analyzing the formation processes and properties of this class of functional nanomaterials and nanostructures. Here, computer simulation can

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• The in vitro cytotoxicity of different blank nanomaterials and DOX-loaded samples toward MCF-7 cells was assessed by using the MTT assay. In brief, cells were seeded into 96-well plates at a density of 5 × 104 cells per well and attached for 48 h. Then the culture medium was removed, and cells were

• the successful conjugation of amino groups onto the surface of CNTs-PEG-PEI. XRD results (Figure 4D) show diffraction peaks of different carbon nanomaterials at 26° and 42°. In comparison with the raw SWCNTs, the diffraction peaks of CNTs-COOH samples become notably sharper. Furthermore, the

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• ; cortisol; hormone detection; point contact; quantum sensor; selective detection; serotonin; Yanson point contacts; Introduction The functioning of devices comprising low-dimensional structures as basic elements depends on quantum effects, which play a crucial role in the unique properties of nanomaterials

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• . Keywords: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); laser ablation; monodisperse; photodetector; silver(I) sulfide (Ag2S); thiourea; Introduction Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their superior chemical and physical properties. The size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have