Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• Wu et al. [27] in three-point bending tests. According to the authors, the grain orientation and grain-boundary arrangement within the NWs are responsible for their exceptional strength and brittle-like fracture. The slip directions in the grains intersect with the twin boundaries, resulting in

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• °) to determine the molecular orientation. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) was performed on a Bruker VERTEX80 spectrometer (Bruker Optics GmbH) by investigating the PAT-SAM on Au/silicon wafers. As a background sample we used a SAM of deuterated octadecanethiol on an Au/silicon wafer

• moments (TDM) of the respective vibrations can be identified and used for an estimation of the orientation due to the surface selection rule in IRRAS. For comparison, the IRRA spectrum of the PAT-SAM, ATR spectrum and Gaussian IR spectrum for PAT were recorded and evaluated (Supporting Information File 1

• 850–1000 cm−1 in the IRRA spectra, which means the attenuation of the aromatic out-of-plane bands is apparent for PAT-SAMs. The manifested broad peak can be attributed to the presence of phenyl units with a slight tilt angle and anthracene units with a near vertical orientation. The IRRA spectra show

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• of 12 Å of the molecular nanochains assembled on the mica substrate estimated from the AFM measurements (see Figure 3c). Two different hypotheses regarding the specific orientation of the molecular nanochains on the mica surface can be proposed. The first hypothesis relies on the presence of K+ ions

• ceric oxide [38] surfaces and is favored by the presence of moisture [35]. As far as surface deposits are concerned, the epitaxial orientation of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanowires upon deposition on air-cleaved mica [21] has been linked to the formation of K2CO3 acting as a precursor for the pure WO3

• performed with a Quantum Design MPMS SQUID magnetometer equipped with a reciprocating sample option (RSO) sample holder. [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n measurements were carried out on microcrystalline powder pressed into pellets to avoid in-field orientation of the crystallites. The diamagnetic contribution was

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• in the pillar (for the longest pillar lifetime measured), τbulk/τpillar, is 0.77. Finite-element method simulation for a pillar of 4.3 µm height and a dipole orientation 8° off the c-axis. Two geometries of the pillars are considered, cylindrical (circles) and conical (triangles). (a) Radiation

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• . The NIH Image J software [30] was used to analyze the images and quantify the orientation angle and the cell areas. For each experiment an average of 150–200 cells were counted. Results and Discussion Characterization of substrate morphological and mechanical properties by AFAM Here, we used AFAM to

• undeveloped surfaces are slightly more aligned to the stiffer axis ((22.6 ± 1.521)% to (29.97 ± 4.57)%). In contrast, the L929 cells grown on the reference glass substrate appear disorganized and have no preferential orientation (Figure 3f–l). These results suggest that the stiffness of the stripe patterns

• roughness was determined as 0.6–5.6 nm for the undeveloped surfaces and 101–141 nm for the developed surface. Roughness values around 100 nm have been reported to significantly restrict the spreading and the orientation of cells [42]. This is in agreement with a recent study concluding that the surface

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• between P407 and C974P. SEM micrographs of preparation containing CUR showed the presence of more irregular structures and channels without defined orientation. These data can be explained by the preparation method since the samples were frozen at −20 °C, where restructuring of the polymer can be observed

Liquid crystal tunable claddings for polymer integrated optical waveguides

• José M. Otón,
• Manuel Caño-García,
• Fernando Gordo,
• Eva Otón,
• Morten A. Geday and
• Xabier Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2163–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.209

• conditioned with spin-coated polyimide (PIA-2304, Lixon Aligner) for homogeneous LC alignment, parallel to the plate, along the waveguide. Both the glass surface and the waveguide were gently rubbed with a velvet cloth to induce the desired orientation. If an external electric field is applied to the LC

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• , ensembles of NVs are used to image cells with subcellular resolution, as demonstrated for example in [30]. These examples are also known as diamond magnetometers and are often referred to as vector magnetometry [31], as the orientation and intensity of the magnetic field are extracted. Currently, an NV

• -selective addressing (Rabi oscillations) of 1 × 4 arrays of NV sites separated by ≈15 nm. The order of three NV centers per site have the same orientation, detected by measuring the fluorescence count rates in a standard confocal volume [43]. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy (see a

• , however, difficult to implement in NDs due to the random orientation of the crystal main axis, and as such, of the magnetization axis of the NVs. Investigations have been carried out on the environment of the NV centers within the same ND to study the quantum properties of NV centers. A method of spin

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• shape and angular orientation of the tip towards the surface. The consecutive images displayed in Figure 2 are 1.5 μm × 1.0 μm sections of the continuously scanned area and show the time evolution of the shape of the holes. During this experiment the humidity changed over time. We can devide the

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• approach exploited in this study [45]. No preferential orientation can be established (see Supporting Information File 1, Section 2.2). Raman spectroscopy The details of the averaged Raman spectra in the range 165–430 cm−1 are shown in Figure 4 for the samples. There are at least two evident maxima for

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• large-scale climate monitoring. Although various living creatures, including bacteria, insects, birds, and sharks, can sense magnetic fields for orientation and navigation, humans are basically insensitive to magnetic fields. The human detection of magnetic fields can be realized using electro-skin-type

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• due to the required growth conditions for maintaining key features such as homogeneity, crystallinity and crystal orientation on the surface. In our previous reports, we have demonstrated that the use of a modulator in combination with the choice of a substrate play a crucial role in VAC synthesis and

• the formation of a crystalline MOF film [71]. In the present study, we introduce the use of a crystallization promoter in the VAC process, solely for inducing distinct film morphology while maintaining crystallinity and crystal orientation on a preselected substrate. Accordingly, we employed VAC

• Information File 1). The latter corresponds to an interlayer distance of 3.3 Å. This points toward the preferential orientation of the M-CAT-1 crystals on the surface, where the crystallographic c-axis is positioned normal to the surface plane. These data show that by employing the VAC synthesis approach in

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• the magnitude and the orientation of the applied strain due to the strong anisotropic atomic structure of BP. Based on first principles calculations, Koda et al. studied the electric behavior of BP-MoSe2 and BP-WSe2 heterobilayers, and analyzed the effect of long-range structural bending on the

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• and perform unpredictably. Surfaces remove the orientation degeneracy and establish a desired overall LC director distribution. Although particular microscopic mechanisms of the LC–surface interactions (so-called LC anchoring) can be of very different nature, for the modelling of macroscopic LC

• systems phenomenological approaches are usually sufficient [2]. One implies, for instance, a certain fixed director orientation at the surface (rigid boundary), or introduces a specific surface contribution to the LC free energy depending on the director orientation at the surface (soft boundary) [3]. In

• orientation degeneracy but does not eliminate it. Introducing an unambiguous in-plane direction requires additional steps, such as mechanical unidirectional rubbing [7], irradiation with polarized light [8], or bombardment with ions at glancing angles [9]. Typically, the result is rigid anchoring of the LC

Stationary beam full-field transmission helium ion microscopy using sub-50 keV He⁺: Projected images and intensity patterns

• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Olivier Bouton,
• Nico Klingner,
• Christoph T. Koch,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1648–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.160

• suggests that the orientation of the particle surface is responsible for the direction of deflection. The local surface topography then defines the caustic pattern and the exact position of the bright points around the edge. Figure 4C shows that there is still a large amount of intensity at the center of

• , He+ ions had an energy of 12.5 keV. Scale bars: (A,B) 20 µm and (C,D) 5 mrad. The set of three lines in A and C (with an arrowhead, a circle and a diamond at the ends) are rough guides for the eye showing the relative orientation of the sample and the directions of deflection and expansion (visible

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• low-dimensional and specifically structured nanocarbons and their assemblies at liquid–liquid interfaces. Finally, interfacial nanoarchitectonics of biomaterials including the regulation of orientation and differentiation of living cells are explained. In the recent examples described in this review

• , and an on/off ratio of 850. Imine-linked COF films were also fabricated with the common interfacial polymerization method using LB troughs. Dai et al. newly designed a trisubstituted amine monomer bearing three n-hexyl groups [225]. These aliphatic chains are helpful to fix the orientation of the

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• determined using the equation: In this study, silica NPs are deposited on silicon wafer with (111) orientation. The corresponding values of these materials are detailed in Table 3. As explained in [39], the uncertainty of δ can be expressed as a rectangular distribution of the half-width δ/2 and is equal to

• range from 40 to 110 nm, almost equal results of HAFM and DFmin measurements are observed, which indicates that the 2nd mode of 30R50 (DSEM = 80.1 nm) and the OTR3 (DSEM = 104.8 nm) particles are nearly spherical with no preferential orientation on the substrate. The lack of preferential orientation can

Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov,
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh and
• Dmitriy V. Makarov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1464–1474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.145

• . At the end, we present the results of numerical calculation of the orientation and concentration profiles of the NLC-CNT mixture and its magneto-optical response. Theory and Model Let us consider a low concentration of CNTs suspended in an NLC placed between two plane-parallel plates (Figure 1). In

• the framework of the continuum theory [39], the directions of the preferred orientation of the NLC molecules and the CNTs are determined using the unit vectors n and m, respectively. The anchoring of NLC molecules on the surface of the plates will be considered absolutely rigid and planar, so the

• director of the NLC n = n0 at z = ±L/2, where the vector n0 sets the direction of the easy orientation axis on the layer boundaries. The anchoring of the NLC molecules on the surface of CNTs is assumed to be finite and planar, i.e., the directors of the NLC and the CNTs are parallel to each other (n∥m) in

Superconducting switching due to a triplet component in the Pb/Cu/Ni/Cu/Co₂Cr_1−xFe_xAl_y spin-valve structure

• Andrey Andreevich Kamashev,
• Nadir Nurgayazovich Garif’yanov,
• Aidar Azatovich Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov Victorovich Fominov and
• Ilgiz Abdulsamatovich Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1458–1463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.144

• = Co2Cr1−xFexAly with a high degree of spin polarization (DSP) of the conduction band and a Ni layer of variable thickness. The separation between the superconducting transition curves measured for the parallel (α = 0°) and perpendicular (α = 90°) orientation of the magnetization of the HA and the Ni

• layers acting on the S layer. This field is larger for the parallel (P) orientation of the magnetization of the F layers (SC is “off”) rather than for their antiparallel (AP) orientation (SC is “on”). Experimentally, the F1/S/F2 structure was realized first. Gu et al. [7] found in the system CuNi/Nb/CuNi

• a magnitude of the SSV effect (where and are the SC transition temperatures for the AP and P orientation of the magnetization of the F1 and the F2 layer) of 6 mK and a width of the SC transition curves δTc≈ 0.1 K. Unfortunately, the full switching between the normal and SC states could not be

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• = 5.4063(4) Å, b = 16.4186(0) Å, and c = 5.4319(7) Å. An extraordinary strong (200) reflection in the SAED pattern indicates the strong preferred orientation of the flake-like nanocrystallites. This effect is further enhanced in TEM experiments because the ultrasonic treatment in absolute ethyl alcohol

• irradiation time of 4, 16, 28, 47 and 63 min, hinting at the variation of the preferred growth orientation of bismuth crystallites on the surface of the Bi2WO6 nanoflake. Analysis of HRTEM images of precipitates (Figure 4a,b) confirms the formation of a hexagonal bismuth phase. The zone-axis directions of the

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• structure, templated by the discotic liquid crystal of [Au3Pz3]C10TEG [25], with orientation parallel to the substrate [38]. By using Bragg’s law, the interpore distance of the hexagonal structure at 2θ = 2.2° was found to be 4.1 nm, which is close to the calculated molecular size of the complex with the

• TEM 3D tomography at low accelerating voltage with topography-based reconstruction to show the pore orientation at the various angles with the presence of AuNPs (see Supporting Information File 1 for the movie). Optical properties of AuNPs Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in the UV–vis spectrum

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• , Supporting Information File 1) [30][34]. Furthermore, a change in the relative intensity of the main halloysite reflections is observed as a typical consequence of a preferential in-plane orientation of the nanotubes in the film architecture (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) [46]. The mechanical

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• transition between SixNy and aC was observable. This procedure leaves a free-standing aC thin film with slight inhomogeneities (Figure 3a), which are attributed to an inhomogeneous, grain-orientation-dependent sputter rate of the nanocrystalline Pt due to ion-channeling effects [30]. The second method uses

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• . An improved model for the magnetic relaxation was performed by Brown who supposed that the orientation of the particle macrospin may be described by the Gilbert equation. Accordingly, the relaxation time was introduced as a specific parameter in a Fokker–Planck-type equation devoted to the

• probability density of orientation [28]. Brown derived different formula for the relaxation time (in different approximations for the ΔE/kT ratio) which were further refined by Aharoni [29]. However, their form did not significantly differ from Equation 2, the only difference being in the expression of the

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• weaker and red-shifted to 1305 cm−1. Moreover, two new bands at 1382 and 1422 cm−1 attributed to the ring breathing vibrations of the thymine moiety of thymidine raised. These spectral features, which depend on the specific molecular orientation of the analyte on the silver surface, indicate the