Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• modified AgNPs were the most effective, showing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in a restricted range of 1.0–3.7 µg/mL. An explanation is proposed for this result based on the increased surface reactivity of the metal surface due to the presence of positively charged active sites. Keywords

• comparison with colloids ablated in pure water. This explanation is based on the increased surface reactivity of the metal surface due to the presence of positively charged active sites. The higher antimicrobial activity shown by the ps-ablated colloids with respect to the ns-ablated colloids could, instead

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• , two, or three gold atoms, respectively [68]. Furthermore, the high reactivity of the thiol group not only guarantees a robust functionalization of gold electrodes. It can also lead to complication during the self-assembly process. The intermolecular linking of bifunctional dithiols due to disulfide

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• connection via gold–thiol binding. The Au NP network shows similar reactivity to the colloidal Au NPs as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. To explore the broad application of our concept, Hcp1_cys3 is also applied to assemble Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs. The reaction is

• network as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol is a standard reaction to evaluate the catalytic reactivity of NPs [34]. The evaluation is based on the time-dependent absorbance decrease of the 4-nitrophenol cation at 400 nm. The absorbance

• change at 400 nm (ln I/I0 at 400 nm, where I0 is the absorbance at t = 0 s) was linearly fitted to obtain the reactivity constant, k. In Figure 7 the UV–vis spectra of the 4-nitrophenol solution during the catalytic reaction and the absorbance change at 400 nm are shown. The Au network shows a smaller k

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• . We discuss some recent studies based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that shed light on these aspects for a series of such organic molecules. Keywords: copper; nickel; palladium; reactivity; selenol; selenophene; self-assembly; thiol; thiophene; Introduction In recent years research related to

• interaction with the substrate is strong and can lead to dissociative processes. This is, for instance, the case of copper and transition metals (Ni and Pd), which are characterized by a greater reactivity than gold. Thus, in the case of thiophene, dehydrogenation and desulfurization is well known to occur on

• . We emphasize this variability, which we attribute to differences in the surface characteristics that can lead to differences in reactivity and changes in the relative intensity of components related to dissociation channels. This can also explain the difference between the characteristics of the

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• good agreement with recently published data for stabilization of different metallic NPs in protein-containing media [3][54][61][62][63][64]. The mechanisms of PC adsorption and the way how the PC is arranged at the NP surface are crucial for gaining an understanding of the biological reactivity of NPs

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• reaction. The reactivity is not impeded by long sequences of pyrimidines, as evidenced by the rate for complete osmylation of dT15 that is, within experimental error, comparable to the rate of monomer osmylation, i.e., dTTP to dTTP(OsBp) [46]. It turns out that the same protocol, in the absence of any

• (HPLC) with ion exchange chromatography (see Experimental section). The oligo was chosen so that cross-linking of two strands to form a 64 nt long conjugate could be easily detected by this HPLC method. The presence of the tail is not expected to have a major effect on the reactivity of the alleged OsBp

• saturated 2,2’-bipyridine (sat. bipy)). Saturated 2,2’-bipyridine in water is approximately 30 mM as indicated in the literature. Experiments and kinetic determinations with the new OsBp stock solution (unpublished results) revealed that the reactivity is 4-fold higher compared to the OsBp 1:1 preparation

Surface-site reactivity in small-molecule adsorption: A theoretical study of thiol binding on multi-coordinated gold clusters

• Elvis C. M. Ting,
• Tatiana Popa and
• Irina Paci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 53–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.6

• in aminoacid or peptide behavior upon adsorption on non-ideal surfaces, i.e., substrates with adatoms, high-Miller-index facets or surface curvature have been examined individually [41][42][43][44][45], but no rigorous studies of the dependence of surface binding on site reactivity or coordination

• convolution of site reactivity and van der Waals attraction was found to determine the preference of methylthiolate to one or another binding site. As a result, adsorption was strongest at the kink sites (cf and fg), at edge sites where strong methyl-Au dispersive interactions could be established with the

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• and the molecular layer in all carbon MJs is currently unknown. We showed that the Raman spectrum of the molecular layer is not significantly altered by eC/Au deposition [43], but a covalent bond is likely to form given the reactivity of carbon atoms and clusters generated in an e-beam source. With

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• affects the ZnO morphology and crystallinity, the distribution of Au dopants on the ZnO nanostructures, and the chemical composition at the interface between the two systems; therefore, it should strongly influence the ZnO properties concerning the gas adsorption and reactivity, as discussed in the next

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• diluted solutions and the morphology of the coated samples was studied with AFM (Figure 1). AFM studies of LPSQ-COOH/X coated on native mica The structure and reactivity of LPSQ-COOH/X makes the polymers suitable for the formation of planar PSAMs on various reactive surfaces. Side carboxylic groups in

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• their interesting structures and properties [2][3][4][5][6]. The extremely small scale of nanoparticles (NPs) is the main factor leading to their surprising reactivity as compared to their corresponding bulk metals [7]. However, most of these supports suffer from inefficiency to achieve highly

• , At is the absorbance at any time t, and A0 is the absorbance at time t = 0. From the linear relations of ln(At/A0), shown in Figure 10, we found that the rate constant (k) for this reaction is 0.041 s−1, which is comparable to that previously reported [39][40][41][42]. The enhanced reactivity of the

Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

• Anu Baby,
• He Lin,
• Gian Paolo Brivio,
• Luca Floreano and
• Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

•  1b,d show the undistorted adsorption configuration as it is calculated at a T site. Bending at the central position is in agreement with the findings about the reactivity of pentacene and related molecules [20], as described in terms of the molecular aromaticity (defined as the ability of the π

• the central carbon atoms in acenes and decrease towards the outer ring ones [25]. Other studies related reactivity to the ring current showing that this is highest for the central ring in the case of pentacene and also the highest proton chemical shift is found for the hydrogen atoms attached to the

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• success of our synthetic route. A bromo-substituted compound [Br(CH3)3Zn4(Ot-Bu)4] (2b) could be obtained in an analogous way using Br2 as a reactant and [MeZnOt-Bu]4 as starting compound (see Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Due to the high reactivity of elemental bromine, the reaction leads to

• possible. Therefore, alternative routes towards the desired monochlorinated compound needed to be explored. The reactivity of the starting, heterocubane compound could be reduced further, when using ethylzinc instead of the methylzinc derivative [55]. Furthermore, the dipolar character of the Zn–CH2CH3

Distribution of Pd clusters on ultrathin, epitaxial TiO_x films on Pt₃Ti(111)

• Christian Breinlich,
• Maria Buchholz,
• Marco Moors,
• Tobias Pertram,
• Conrad Becker and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2007–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.204

• reactivity properties of the Pd clusters. In this regard, the influence of the two different titania films on these properties of clusters of the same metal is of particular interest [21]. STM image of the z'-TiOx phase: (a) 53.3 × 53.3 nm2, bias voltage UB = 0.91 V, IT = 50 pA, (b) 22.8 × 22.8 nm2, UB

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• Chemistry, including reactivity, hydrophobicity” [53]. Secondly, this required consideration of which corresponding Material file “Characteristics […]” and/or Assay file “Measurement Value […]” columns needed to be defined - as well as, in some cases, which “Parameter Value […]” columns needed to be defined

Electrospray deposition of organic molecules on bulk insulator surfaces

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1927–1934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.195

• reactivity, depositing molecules by thermal evaporation becomes challenging. A recent way to deposit molecules in clean conditions is Electrospray Ionization (ESI). ESI keeps the possibility to work with large molecules, to introduce them in vacuum, and to deposit them on a large variety of surfaces. Here

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
• D. Howard Fairbrother and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

• ). The reactivity of the SEs with precursor molecules is thus critical in determining the spatial resolution of the deposit. This is even more important with regard to achievable aspect ratios of vertical structures as both backward and forward scattered primary electrons (PEs) and SEs will reach the

Temperature-dependent breakdown of hydrogen peroxide-treated ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticle agglomerates

• Sinan Sabuncu and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1897–1903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.193

• compounds. However, the products formed from its decomposition (water and oxygen) are harmless. The treatment of MONPs with hydrogen peroxide is a new approach and there are only a few studies that focus on the reactivity of hydrogen peroxide with respect to the surface chemistry of MONPs [20][21][22

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• mechanisms for hydrides Reactivity of hydrides with lithium ions predicted from thermodynamic rules and experimentally confirmed for different hydrides is assumed to be a conversion reaction as MHx + xLi → M + xLiH. While this general mechanism is obvious, more complex reactions path involving the formation

• eV, respectively, and are not electronic conductors but insulators [31]. Figure 10 shows the poor electrochemical reactivity of commercially available tetragonal MgH2 vs Li+/Li0, with no electrochemical capacity during the first discharge. The addition of an electronic conductive material, such as

• particle size of the hydride but also enhances its reactivity vs Li-ions. In the case of the system Mg/MgH2, 5% of Super P carbon was mixed with the Mg powder in order to increase the thermal conductivity of the powder and to prevent the necking of particles during sorption cycles. Figure 13a and Figure

How decision analysis can further nanoinformatics

• Matthew E. Bates,
• Sabrina Larkin,
• Jeffrey M. Keisler and
• Igor Linkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.162

• selected as it is well suited for the classification of nanomaterials with uncertain or unavailable physiochemical properties. Five extrinsic characteristics (agglomeration, reactivity, critical functional groups, particle size and contaminant dissociation) and three factors that are dependent on the

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• of using DNA–organic hybrid structures over DNA-only based nanostructures, there are challenges regarding their solubility as well as reactivity issues. In most cases, a DNA synthesizer based on phosphoramidite chemistry is used to introduce chemical modifications in the oligonucleotides [13][14][15

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• )14(PPh3)2 (6), the size distribution of the large particles range between 15 and 20 nm, between 20 and 30 nm for Ru4Au2C(CO)12(PPh3)2 (7), and between 15 and 25 nm for Ru5PtAu2C(CO)15(PPh3)2 (8). The reactivity of the molecular cluster species with the functionalized surface thus has more influence

• and STEM-EDX analysis to prove their bimetal nature on the scale of an individual nanoparticle. This demonstrated that mixed-metal clusters are suitable precursors for ultrasmall heterometal nanoparticles of controlled composition if their reactivity is taken into account. The obtained Ru–Pt

Addition of Zn during the phosphine-based synthesis of indium phospide quantum dots: doping and surface passivation

• Natalia E. Mordvinova,
• Alexander A. Vinokurov,
• Oleg I. Lebedev,
• Tatiana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1237–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.127

• thermal decomposition of sililphosphides [11]. This is a quite complicated method because of the reactivity and inflammability of such substances. Recently, we developed the simplest way to date to produce such material by using phosphine (PH3) as a source of phosphorus [6] and indium carboxilates as a

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• numbers of tattoo parlours opening for business. However, despite this striking cultural shift we know very little about the biochemical reactivity of ink particles with skin cells and tissues (including some of the key constituent components, e.g., fibroblasts and associated collagen fibrillar networks

• to behave differently at the nanometre-level in comparison with samples at the bulk level.Nanoparticle surface atoms have an increased reactivity over bulk surface atoms [9]. However, on the whole, tattoo pigments do appear to be reasonably well tolerated by the skin, and no clear relationship