Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• delivery; enzyme catalysis; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic properties; peptides; Introduction A major challenge of current cancer therapies is to improve the selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents against tumour cells. This goal may be achieved by exploiting smart drug delivery approaches. Magnetic

• cancer cells. To achieve selectivity, there are two main strategies. In the first one, the enzyme is exogenous and is artificially introduced into the body and selectively targeted to the tumour tissue using genes, viruses or antibodies (GDEPT, VDEPT, and ADEPT, respectively). Alternatively, the enzyme

• delivering an exogenous enzyme to the desired site. Both the use of magnetic nanoparticles and the DEPT approach have the limitation that complete selectivity is not possible in the release of the active chemotherapeutic agent. For example, an unspecific release of the drug from the nanoparticles may take

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• through mechanisms based on (i) metal ion selectivity (replacement of original metals leading to cellular dysfunction); (ii) metal reduction potential (generating or catalysing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damaging cellular proteins, lipids and DNA) and (iii) direct nanoparticle (NP

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• have already been used for various antimicrobial applications, such as (i) ionization techniques, (ii) membrane technologies to reduce biofouling of sanitation devices, (iii) development of sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity for pathogen detection, (iv) everyday products (cosmetics, shoes

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• and reasonably fast response/recovery time were reported for a gas sensor based on Au-decorated ZnO structures. The highest selectivity towards NO2 was compared to other combustion gases such as CO, and C3H8. In addition, the photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes under sunlight using PL

• dynamic response transients of both sensors to varying concentrations (15–60 ppm) of n-propane at an operating temperature about of 120 °C were also investigated (Figure S1b,c, Supporting Information File 1). These improvements of the sensitivity and the selectivity allow for the detection of a specific

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• and phthalic anhydride for the detection of Pb in water and food products was described in the literature [15]. The role of the selected inorganic core, however, was not discussed. The modified nanoparticles used in this study had a selectivity for Pb ions twice of that for other metals. In this paper

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• discharge, electrochemical cell, radiation, and the wet system are examples of the dry technique while the scrubber is an example of the wet technique [3]. Of these technologies, due to its effectiveness, low cost, and high selectivity, the SCR of NO has emerged as the most promising method and has been

• oxidation of SO2 to SO3, so that high activity and selectivity, high thermal stability, and a temperature lower than 300 °C can be achieved, thus increasing the lifetime of the catalyst. Lower-temperature SCR is foremost in importance to ensure the complete removal of NO. This is because of the wide

• -exchange zeolite catalysts [15]. The Mn-based catalyst is one of the most active metal oxide catalysts for high N2 selectivity at low temperature and is recognised by many researchers as a potential alternative for the common catalyst. Jin et al. [16] successfully used a Mn-based catalyst with the addition

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• molecules prior to silica condensation led to pores in the silica particles without the requirement of any surfactant [20]. CD assemblies lead to microporosity in the particles so that only very small molecules can pass through the pores. This inevitably induces selectivity for the molecules to be

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• adsorbed molecules to promote significant enhancement in the rate of chemical transformation. Furthermore, there are certain cases that have showed primary evidence for direct plasmon-driven photocatalysis capable of controlling catalytic selectivity through different reaction mechanisms. Gold NPs on CeO2

• were found to be efficient at reducing a wide range of epoxides, azo compounds, and ketones at ambient temperature under visible light. Their reduction potential highly depends on the incident wavelength [174]. The team revealed the selectivity tuning by plasmon-mediated photo-switching and

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• 3.5 to 3.1). A small decrease in the nanorod mean size can be explained by the weak selectivity of the phase transfer method, if we admit that longer Au nanorods are transferred slightly worse than shorter ones. Nevertheless, the proposed method of phase transfer is effective even for large particles

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• properties of the produced MoS2 toward xylene and methanol are presented. In addition, the selectivity of our device toward various available gas molecules and the mechanism of adsorption as well as the simulation results are discussed. Experimental and Simulation Data Synthesis of MoS2 few-layer nanoflakes

• the fabricated sensor in detecting different concentrations of xylene. As indicated in Figure 6a, it is clear that the sensor responds to both methanol and xylene gases, while the former is more linear with higher sensitivity. In order to study the selectivity of our sensor toward available gases in

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• low adsorption capacity, secondary pollution and poor selectivity [3][4]. Therefore, there is a demand for the synthesis of renewable, effective and environmentally friendly sorbent materials to address the oil spill accidents. Cellulose is considered to be the most abundant renewable natural polymer

• aerogel exhibited a porous structure and super-hydrophobicity and showed high selectivity and outstanding oil absorption capacities for various types of organic solvents and oils. Considering its inexpensive raw materials, green synthetic method, and high performance, the CNF/PVA /GO carbon aerogel shows

• -hydrophobic CNF/PVA/GO carbon aerogels exhibited a high absorption capacity of up to 97 times their own weight for oils and organic solvents. Furthermore, the carbon aerogel also exhibited high absorption selectivity, good recyclability and flame retardance. Our findings are a proof-of-concept for the use of

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• ]. However, after 48 h, 72 h and 96 h propagation on polyHEMA coatings, CD90 expression was reduced to 92%, 81% and 88%, respectively (Figure 2C). Therefore, we chose 24 h as the optimal incubation time for 3D cell co-culture experiments to ensure the selectivity of the CD90 marker towards MSCs. Quantum dot

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• , II, and III are Hg2+, adenosine, and cocaine-specific probe anchored positions, respectively. To demonstrate the anchored probe’s selectivity toward its corresponding target, this multiplexed substrate was tested with a 1 mM adenosine solution. The obvious disappearance in the fluorescence signal in

• column II (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1) points to the high platform selectivity toward its corresponding targets. The results indicate that CLL-fabricated substrates not only render high versatility for biological probes, but also entail great potential toward analytical technique

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• under ambient conditions. Having established characterization modalities to evaluate Au–alkanethiolate monolayers on PDMS, we developed an additional strategy for patterning PDMS with Au–alkanethiolate monolayers that takes advantage of the chemical selectivity associated with CLL. We previously

• used to advantage in fabricating tethered DNA for high-efficiency hybridization [10] and for investigating spin selectivity in electron transport through DNA [12]. Comparing the XPS peak areas suggested that the amount of Au in the lift-off regions is approximately double the surface concentration of

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• hexadecylamine (Figure 2) as ligand and glucose as reducing agent. The amine showed good selectivity towards the {100} facets and prevented multiply twinned seeds from being etched, leading to copper nanowires by the reduction of CuCl2 in an aqueous dispersion. At lower amine concentrations, twinned seeds were

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• selectivity in DEA and the fact that the cross sections for this process may be significant at 0 eV electron incident energy opens up the attractive possibility to use this process to purposely enhance the cross-linking efficiency and explore the potential of site selectivity in the cross-linking step as a

• , the site selectivity of the DEA process also offers the potential to direct the cross-linking to specific molecular sites for production of functional CNMs. Experimental The 2-halobiphenylthiols were synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed Kumada reaction of the respective 1,2-dihalobenzenes (1-bromo-2

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• ] based on the interaction of laser radiation with noble-metal-doped simple oxides, glasses and polymers, that is capable of forming and manipulating nanoparticles with a high spatial selectivity. Thereby, ion-doped (gold, silver, copper) materials that are transparent in the visible wavelength range (e.g

Functional materials for environmental sensors and energy systems

• Michele Penza,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz,
• Albert Romano-Rodriguez and
• Meyya Meyyappan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2015–2016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.201

• nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, graphene, metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, large band gap semiconductors, and metals) with new sensing properties (e.g., ppb-level detection, high sensitivity, selectivity) that are self-heating and provide durable operation for low-power devices (tens of μW to

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• doublet−quartet interconversion comes into play. In the latter case, the total spin of the reactants can be equal to zero (singlet), one (triplet) or two (quintet) with only the singlet reaction channel being reactive. This spin selectivity in combination with the magnetic field-dependent interconversion

• -Boltzmann spin polarization which is highly desired by spectroscopists since it enhances the sensitivity of the method. Polarization of electron spins (CIDEP) and nuclear spins (CIDNP) results from spin selectivity of chemical reactions and can be used for sensitive detection of transient radical species

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• deposition/polymerization process on substrates, i.e., the polymer coatings are either deposited or not on substrates because of the chemistry below the substrate surface. The mechanism of the polymer deposition selectivity is not conclusive. The inhibition of polymer deposition is believed to occur because

• deposition of parylene™ N and parylene™ C on these high-energy metal surfaces. The degree of selectivity (there exists an upper limit, where deposition will commence and the relative selectivity is lost) is different for different metal surfaces and correlates with the deposition rate [77]. Based on the

• deposition of a wide range of functionalized poly(p-xylylenes) on high-energy metal surfaces. The study found that the deposition selectivity might have been compromised, and a possible explanation may be that neutralization occurred between the oxygen or nitrogen from the side groups of the functionalized p

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• sensitivity, selectivity, response kinetics and reliability [4]. The design of active materials is essential and it must be the starting point for the control of the functional parameters of the final device. Nonetheless, great attention must be paid to the integration of the active material onto the

• metal oxides exhibit cross-sensitivity to other chemical species too. This lack of selectivity toward specific chemical species is one of the major drawbacks of the conductometric use of metal oxides. However, an array of devices based on different materials, each with its own sensing properties (a so

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• contamination of graphene by following lithography steps. One method utilizes a one-step plasma-etch process with low selectivity to the underlying dielectric substrate to etch the encapsulation/hardmask layer and the underlying graphene simultaneously. An alternative approach applies two consecutive steps to

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• . Finally, the sensing selectivity has been proven by evaluating and comparing the degree of adsorption and the interaction energies for NO2 and NH3 on graphene. The direct-growth approach for the synthesis of graphene opens a promising path towards diverse applicative scenarios, including the

• electrochemical exfoliation can be employed. Each provides a sensing layer with a pronounced specificity towards a particular analyte [3][4][5][6]. However, the issue of selectivity is far away from being solved. A possible solution could be represented by resorting to the design of an array of sensors that can

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• (III) oxide (Fe2O3), which is nontoxic, stable, cost effective and found abundantly in the earth. It has been reported that Fe2O3 can be used to increase the photocatalytic activity or selectivity of semiconductor photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• ]. Therefore, the chiral selectivity can be related to the nucleation of carbon species on catalytic particles and the different growth rates depending on the chiral angle of nanotubes. In other words, the chirality selective growth of SWCNTs is realized through either thermodynamic control, such as building a

• preferential growth of near-armchair nanotubes. It was shown that chirality selectivity is influenced by the synthesis parameters: gaseous carbon source [106][107], its pressure [108], catalyst composition [111], type of support [106] and synthesis temperature [106][109][110][112][115][117][121][122]. The

• in the nanotube diameters and broadening of the chirality distribution [106][109][110][112][115][117][121][122]. The (6,5) nanotube dominated in the samples synthesized at temperatures around 500–700 °C, whereas such selectivity disappeared at higher temperatures. In [121], a bimetallic CoPt catalyst