Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• strongly to high levels of ROS that can cause damage to DNA molecules resulting in abnormal cell proliferation. Various studies reported that oxidative damage can have a deleterious effect on cancer development through raising genetic mutations, abnormal protein functions, and tumor growth [164][165

• ]. Antioxidants contribute to cancer inhibition and cancer treatment by several mechanisms. First, nanoantioxidants reduce cancer initiation by protecting DNA molecules from oxidative stress and stimulating DNA repair. For example, platinum nanoparticles inhibited the growth of epithelial lung cancer cells by

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• cells, BNZ is reduced by oxygen-sensitive nitroreductases. During its anaerobic nitro reduction, primarily in the hepatic microsomal fraction, BNZ generates reactive metabolites that bind to the host’s DNA, proteins, and lipids. The nitro reduction also occurs in fecal matter, with an intensity that

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• enhance the catalytic activity of Fenton/Fenton-like reactions, but can also result in cellular damage [16]. ROS can break down the basic components of the cell, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. ROS can cause double-strand breaks in DNA by converting guanine to 8-oxoguanine. This conversion can lead

• surface. Unfortunately, this interaction can lead to DNA damage through processes such as delocalization, redox chemistry, and the generation of ROS. Our research aimed to examine how the time of exposure to metal oxide affects cell damage, regardless of other physiochemical properties of MeOx NPs. Our

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• , ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 5133, 14070, Caen cedex 5, France Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.15.20 Abstract DNA origami nanostructures are emerging as a bottom-up

• nanopatterning approach. Direct combination of this approach with top-down nanotechnology, such as ion beams, has not been considered because of the soft nature of the DNA material. Here we demonstrate that the shape of 2D DNA origami nanostructures deposited on Si substrates is well preserved upon irradiation

• by ion beams, modeling ion implantation, lithography, and sputtering conditions. Structural changes in 2D DNA origami nanostructures deposited on Si are analyzed using AFM imaging. The observed effects on DNA origami include structure height decrease or increase upon fast heavy ion irradiation in

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• ][24]. Thus, using IR780 in our NPs would bring advantages for local imaging and treatment. Chemotherapy medications assist in inhibiting the development of tumors. Chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin attach to chromosomes and inhibit DNA replication, while paclitaxel depolymerizes the

• cytoskeleton and chlorambucil (CHL) inhibits DNA synthesis. These drugs can be encapsulated inside nanoparticles for administration to increase the stability of the medication in circulation and therapeutic efficacy. For example, doxorubicin can be inserted into liposomes and paclitaxel attaches to the protein

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• ], photocatalytic degradation and bactericidal action [21], sensors and biosensors [22][23][24][25], and as electrocatalysts [26]. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that attach to their targets with great affinity and specificity. Aptamers have high stability in a variety of environments and

• months; storage at 4 °C is necessary. The peroxide activity of the Ag/Pt NPLs enhanced following the addition of the aptamer. Using DNA to functionalize NPLs can increase not only target recognition but also enzyme activity, which is a useful technique for developing biosensors for target detection

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• leishmaniasis. Additionally, this molecule produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates cytosolic calcium. These occur in the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer plasma membrane leaflet and DNA fragmentation, causing the death of the leishmaniasis parasite [47][52]. Despite its promising

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• % with Equation 3, using DAPI in water as the reference [33]. where, ΦDAPI is the fluorescence quantum yield of DAPI when unbound to DNA (4%) [32], and are the integrated fluorescence intensities of the light emitted by Ox-BSA/PDA NPs and DAPI, respectively, AOx-BSA/PDA NPs and ADAPI are the absorption

• . Compared to the quantum yields of FITC, RhBITC, and DAPI bound to DNA, which are in the range of 40–90% at room temperature [31][32][34], Ox-BSA/PDA NPs reveal low emission efficiency. However, even if the quantum yield of Ox-BSA/PDA NPs is low, it is significantly higher than the quantum yield of non

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• dependence of HbMP uptake on these receptors. Table 2 gives an overview of the samples of indirect phagocytosis test no. 2; the incubation time with HbMPs was 30 min. All samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Leucocytes were identified by DNA staining with propidium iodide (PI) or diamidinophenylindole

• (DAPI). The closely spaced emission maxima of DAPI and FITC, or PI and APC, necessitated the use of different dyes for DNA staining depending on which signal, FITC or APC, was of interest in each sample. In each run, 2000 monocytes were analyzed. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the reference

• -labeled mouse anti-human CD14 antibody (anti-CD14-wb) and APC-labeled mouse anti-human CD163 antibody (blocking antibody) (anti-CD163-wb); also, a whole blood sample lysed and DNA-stained only was prepared for comparison (wb). In addition, a whole blood sample that had been kept at 37 °C for 120 min, as

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• ]. However, even with these modifications, it relied on the colorimetric principle and was not applicable for the quantitative determination of analytes. In recent years, to address these challenges, various signal amplification strategies, such as DNA amplification, nanozyme activity, surface-enhanced Raman

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• , drug resistance, and tumor relapse are the leading challenges in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The commonly used methods for the diagnosis of cancer involve identification of cancer-causing features in cells, such as DNA and RNA mutations, impaired expression of proteins, and changes in confirmation

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• strong laser beam generates a piconewton level of force, which can be used to manipulate small dielectric particles, including biological entities such as DNA, enzymes, and cells. The underlying physics of nanoparticle manipulation by optical tweezers can be interpreted as the trend of the particle to

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• , payload retention, and interparticle variability in the context of nucleic acid-based nanotherapeutics. In order to illustrate these issues and concerns, we analyzed the materials and methods sections of 50 papers published within the last five years on the topic of NP-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA

• (only 6% used 3D imaging, Figure 1a3) [19]. Furthermore, the subjective interpretation of results obtained by imaging techniques cannot be neglected [17]. Based on 50 studies regarding NP-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA to cells/tissues, only a small fraction reported systematic image quantification

• 50 nanoparticle (NP)-mediated plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery experiments published in 2017–2022. (a) 5-year prevalence of reporting imaging, imaging quantification, and 3D imaging capture for investigating NP cellular uptake and (or) transfection. (b) 5-year prevalence of reporting flow cytometry for

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• surface becomes positive at a given cationic surfactant concentration and, therefore, the nanoparticles can be complexed with DNA plasmids. This complexation leads to an increase in the hydrodynamic diameter. This increase is larger for plasmids with higher molecular weight. The obtained complexes (Figure

• . Representative TEM images of negatively stained nanoparticles (NPs) complexed with DNA plasmids (pVAX and pVAX-HisAK70). (A) NP 1:1. (B) NP 1:1/pVAX = 5/1. (C) NP 1:1/pVAX-HisAK70 = 10/1. (D) Zoomed region from each sample (A–C) (all scale bars represent 100 nm). Figure 5 was reprinted from [61], European

• Polymer Journal, vol. 120, by E. Soler Besumbes; C. Fornaguera; M. Monge; M. J. García-Celma; J. Carrión: C. Solans; A. Dols-Perez, “PLGA cationic nanoparticles, obtained from nanoemulsion templating, as potential DNA vaccines”, article No. 109229, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. This

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• . observed that direct exposure of HUVECs to SiO2 NPs resulted in oxidative damage induced by ROS, generated by the action of NPs. After 24 h of NP exposure, an increase in cell necrosis and apoptosis was observed. Significant DNA damage and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M point also occurred after NP exposure

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• ][66]. Fluoroquinolones have a detrimental impact on the morphology and photosynthesis of plants, as well as on the ability of eukaryotic cells to synthesise DNA and replicate plastids. Streptomycin prevents Hordeum vulgare from producing chlorophyll, while ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and

• dye. Additionally, some dyes, such as xanthene and erythrosine, have been related to allergic reactions, neurotoxins, and DNA damage in both humans and animals [70]. An eco-friendly, practical, and efficient treatment method is urgently needed because of the increasing pollution and health and

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• nucleic acids are RNAs, DNAs, and derivatives thereof that regulate the expression of target genes [57][58][59]. Typical examples are antisense DNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), aptamers, and ribozymes/DNAzymes. Owing to the accurate targeting at pathogenic genes, they are promising for various

• compounds. Because of the decomposition of nanomedicines through these two pathways, the siRNA was efficiently released in target cells and silenced the pathogenic gene. 3.3 Simultaneous delivery of multiple types of therapeutic drugs When two types of therapeutic DNA (or RNA) drugs are simultaneously

• accommodated. Both antisense DNA and siRNA have been delivered by β-CyD-based nanoparticles [68]. First, two groups of seven antisense DNA strands were covalently connected to each of two β-CyD molecules. In order to bind siRNA to these antisense DNAs, each of the two strands of siRNA was extended in the 3

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• commercially available antibiotics. The main parameters that determine the antibacterial action of CQDs are generation of reactive oxygen species, cytoplasm leakage due to DNA binding, and gene expression modulation [28]. In addition, the CQD surface charge affects very much the antibacterial activity of CQDs

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• , metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) are of particular interest for such applications as they exhibit impressive antibacterial and antifungal properties. Unlike antibiotics for example, that target cell wall synthesis, translational machinery and DNA replication inside bacteria cells [7], MNPs simply attack

• the bacterial cell membrane [19][20], allowing its penetration inside the cytoplasm. This leads to the leakage of cellular components through the pores of the perforated cellular membrane. Once inside, the ions promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, deactivate proteins, and block DNA

• with compounds generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) or blocks DNA replication and protein action (enzymes), thereby leading to cell death. The increased growth inhibition observed for C. albicans compared to E. coli could be explained in part by the difference in kinetics of silver penetration into

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• experimentally utilized to drive particles with a spherical cavity and complementary microspheres to form colloidal clusters [18]. Colloidal chains have been obtained by the assembly of Janus particles with one face selectively functionalized with DNA containing a self-complementary sticky end [19], particles

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• perform, robust to operate, and inexpensive to conduct [6][7]. With diverse compatible ink choices ranging from simple organic molecules [6] to silicones [8], proteins [9][10], DNA [11], and living cells [12], microcontact-printing-correlated techniques have shown great potential in biochemical research

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• and discard toxic residual surfactants, which would otherwise limit biological applications. Biopolymers such as DNA and RNA have been widely proven to disperse SWCNTs. Nucleic acids even exhibit sequence-dependent wrapping around nanotubes with different chiralities [12][13][14][15]. The remarkable

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• compounds act as reducing agents, as well as to changes in the shape, size, and size distribution of the resulting Ag nanoparticles. Cytotoxic behavior It has been reported that several cytotoxic mechanisms of AgNPs can cause DNA, mitochondrial, and cell membrane damage as well as apoptosis [44]. Here, the