Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• . On the right hand side of Equation 79 are the interfacial irreversible and reversible heat sources. The first is the irreversible interfacial Joule heating, followed by the reversible Peltier effect and the reversible Soret effect. The Peltier coefficient is defined by In addition to the partial

• the jump of the electrochemical potentials at the interface. We therefore concentrate on the derivation of the volume-averaged temperature equation, consistent with the microscopic equation, derived above: where the terms correspond to heat conduction (I), Joule heating (II), the Thomson effect (III

• to heat–current coupling from the Thomson effect cancel exactly with the corresponding terms from the contribution of the heat conduction. What remains is the surface Joule heating and the Peltier effect (last line of Equation 84). Comparison of microscopic and mesoscopic heat transport There are

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• -linear, probably related to the removal of contaminants induced by the current annealing [10][20][21][27]. Increasing the voltage further, the true EB process develops. At high temperatures, induced by the Joule heating, the carbon atoms react with oxygen until the device breaks and an abrupt increase of

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• [90]. In addition, the effect of the molecular weight of a polymer on the capillary action has also been investigated [91]. Microscopy has been used to visualize the filling of a MWCNT with gold via Joule heating and capillary action [92]. A mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the

Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• carbidized side wall of SWCNT. However, it is difficult to experimentally inspect the effective contact area. Further investigation must be carried out. The concept of electrically heating the contacts has also been explored. Figure 9c shows the schematic of using Joule heating to improve the contact

• ) The process of removing contamination from the sidewalls of SWCNTs by annealing at modest temperatures. b) The TEM image shows the TiC formation through annealing Ti–SWCNT contacts above 800 ºC. c) The schematic of contact design using the Joule heating method for local annealing of the metal–SWCNT

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• still maintaining a high electrical conductivity. In this way, Joule heating, which is an irreversible process, is reduced and, furthermore, high electrical currents can be delivered to the external load. In this review, first of all the general principles of thermoelectricity will be summarized

A nano-graphite cold cathode for an energy-efficient cathodoluminescent light source

• Alexander N. Obraztsov,
• Victor I. Kleshch and
• Elena A. Smolnikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 493–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.58

• much larger than for nanotubes or nanowires. This circumstance also provides an increased stability of the NGF emitters because of the reduction of the resistivity for individual emitters and the consequent lowering of the Joule heating effect. All together these factors greatly improve the performance

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

• John Paul Strachan,
• J. Joshua Yang,
• L. A. Montoro,
• C. A. Ospina,
• A. J. Ramirez,
• A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
• Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
• R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

• . Between the Virgin and switched states of the forming-free device, presented in Figure 3b, no large qualitative differences in the NEXAFS spectrum are observed. However, a very slight sharpening and increased absorption is seen in the spectrum after switching, which is likely caused by Joule heating from

Current-induced dynamics in carbon atomic contacts

• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Tue Gunst,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 814–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.90

• , which can be used to explore current-induced vibrational instabilities due the NC/BP forces. Furthermore, using tight-binding and the Brenner potential we illustrate how Langevin-type molecular-dynamics calculations including the Joule heating effect for the carbon-chain systems can be performed

• used to explore current-induced dynamics and instabilities. We find instabilities at experimentally relevant bias and gate voltages for the carbon-chain system. Keywords: carbon-nanoelectronics; current-induced forces; molecular contacts; nanoscale Joule heating; semiclassical Langevin equation

• effect is of even greater importance for systems where the bottle-neck for the current flow is a few chemical bonds. The inelastic scattering of electrons by atomic vibrations leads to the well-known effect of Joule heating, which can have an impact on the electrical behavior and stability. However

Nonconservative current-induced forces: A physical interpretation

• Tchavdar N. Todorov,
• Daniel Dundas,
• Anthony T. Paxton and
• Andrew P. Horsfield

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 727–733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.79

• –electron interactions, determine the current–voltage spectrum of the system. Allowing nuclei to respond to current-induced forces introduces two additional elements: Current-driven displacements and Joule heating. Current-induced forces arise, fundamentally, through momentum transfer from the electron flow

• exerted by the mean electron density in the system (including appropriate Pulay corrections, if an incomplete electronic basis is used) [2][3][4][5]. Joule heating, on the other hand, is due to the finite mass of nuclei, and results from the recoil of nuclei in inelastic collisions with electrons [6][7][8

• possibly in an abstract sense, depending on what X and Y denote). Superficially, Equation 30 resembles ordinary Joule heating. Indeed, it does constitute a form of directional heating. But there is a key difference. Standing, bound phonon modes can equilibrate with the current-carrying electrons, at an