On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• additives to fabricate uniform Ag nanoparticles. These include basic aminoacids (such as ʟ-lysine or ʟ-arginine) and soluble starch or other additives, which act as reducing and protecting agents, respectively [22]. In our approach, the monolayer of silver nanoparticles is formed by the reduction of silver

• ) and the utilization of non-toxic reaction agents which additionally ensure that the obtained SERS substrates are free of impurities and additives that could result in undesired background signals during the SERS measurements. These SERS substrates have been used for SERS investigations and were

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• in comparison to pure water only in the blue sample case. This is an unexpected Raman effect as the presence of additives in liquid water usually results in a decrease of the intensity of the 3200 cm−1 line, which is explained by a reduction in the number of water–water hydrogen bonds in the system

• species in the dispersion (e.g., citrate, sodium, potassium, bromide – only in the AgNPs yellow sample) because ionic additives result in the decrease of the low frequency component around 3200 cm−1 due to their destructive impact on the hydrogen bond network in liquid water [17]. Moreover, the observed

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• rheological additives [103]. AgNW-coated conductive films have been considered as a promising alternative over conventional indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated conductive films [89]. The synthesis of silver nanostructures, and generally all types of nanostructures, can be categorized as one of two approaches [104

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• Principles of Nano-Scaled Matrix Additives for Composite Structures” (project number 232311024).

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• thin films are of special interest. For thermally deposited amorphous films, the structure of which exhibits a higher level of disorder than that of the bulk glasses, the incorporation of impurity atoms is easier, and in many cases the metal additives could become electrically active. The influence of

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• ] in the presence of shear [40], etc. Almost all of these methods involve either the use of a template or a stabilizing agent to induce a directional one-dimensional growth of rod-like nanoparticles. The most common agents used are surfactants [11][21][23][26][37], polymers [27][36] and other additives

• difficult to remove or replace. Therefore, the elaboration of new and facile methods for synthesizing magnetic iron oxide nanorods, especially in the absence of additives, still poses a challenge. One of the proposed methods [28][29][30][37] is based on the exploitation of the magnetic properties of iron

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• either by ultrasonic vibrations or shearing in a liquid medium that facilitates the exfoliation. To influence the energies relevant for the exfoliation in aqueous media, additives such as surfactants and polymers are used [8]. However, their removal is quite tedious and the remnants are detrimental for

• some applications. To alleviate this, LPE has been carried out in organic solvents taking into account the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) [9]. To exfoliate MoO3 in organic solvents without any additives, Coleman et al. have found that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, and

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• decay channel resulting in highly emissive aggregates [72]. The AIE phenomenon has been observed in several organic compounds of low molecular weight and in polymers [73]. The aggregation-induced luminescence of NCs has been achieved either using solvent-induced aggregation or addition of additives such

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• of the solvent and additives used for the film deposition from solution. The use of PTB7:PC71BM is widely documented. It is now well established that films of good morphology, namely with a nanoscale phase separation, can be obtained from solutions containing 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as solvent

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• -quality perovskite films based on these techniques, researchers control the perovskite morphology by optimizing the solvents for processing [26], varying the annealing temperature [27], adjusting the processing additives [28], sophisticated engineering of the solvent [12][14] and annealing of the solvent

• [29][30]. Here, some common and effective methods are introduced. Additives As is now well known, introducing additives to perovskite precursor solutions is a common way to optimize the film morphology and enhance the crystalline quality. Wang et al. [31] demonstrated a method to achieve fast

• HBr. These results imply that additives can effectively optimize the film morphology and enhance the crystalline quality to improve the performance of PSCs. A variety of additives with better quality are still sought. Additive engineering is not just one of the simplest and cheapest ways to improve

An investigation on the drag reduction performance of bioinspired pipeline surfaces with transverse microgrooves

• Weili Liu,
• Hongjian Ni,
• Peng Wang and
• Yi Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 24–40, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.3

• severely hinders the exploration of oil and gas resources in deep wells [4][5][6]; therefore, it is necessary to put additional effort into reducing the skin friction drag. Conventional hydraulic drag reduction methods include the development of high-performance polymer additives to reduce fluid viscosity

• [7][8][9], the injection of gas to modify the turbulent boundary characteristics [10], and the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces to reduce the adhesion [11]. However, the application of polymer additives is not economic and the antidrag performance of additives is also instable under some

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• preparation the PSCs. (a–e) SEM images of perovskite films prepared with different amounts of PVP additives: (a) PVP-0 mg/mL, (b) PVP-0.5 mg/mL, (c) PVP-1 mg/mL, (d) PVP-2 mg/mL, (e) PVP-3 mg/mL. (a) XRD patterns of the Pb(NO3)2 films with different amounts of PVP additive. (b) XRD patterns of the perovskite

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• sub-micrometer particles, because it is a simple and straightforward technique, without the involvement of any chemical additives, and also does not require harsh formulation parameters, such as high energy input or mechanical shear stress (e.g., by sonification) [30][31]. Nonetheless, the preparation

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• nanoarchitectured crystalline oligosaccharide materials. However, the controlled self-assembly into organized hierarchical structures based on a simple method is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of organic solvents as small-molecule additives allows for control of the oligomerization-induced

• higher-order structures. This finding indicates that small-molecule additives provide control over the self-assembly of crystalline oligosaccharides for the creation of hierarchically structured materials with high robustness in a simple manner. Keywords: cellulose oligomer; gel; nanoarchitectonics

• , introducing terminal functional groups, and using additives. Among them, the strategy using additives has the advantages of versatility and convenience. Polymers [43][44] and colloidal particles [45] were shown to be useful additives. However, the potential of small-molecule additives for controlling the

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• issues, researchers have adopted various techniques, such as optimization of the cathode material [16][17][18], incorporation of electrolyte additives [19], and protection of the anode [20]. Recently, much attention has been directed to the development of a functional separator, which serves as an

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• slurry, which is then coated onto a copper foil (current collector). The copper foil and the additives increase the overall weight, which dramatically decreases the gravimetric energy density. These electrodes are not applicable as anodes in flexible batteries due to the loss of contact between the

• additional binders, conductive additives or a current collector. Results and Discussion Characterization of morphology, composition and mechanical properties The synthesized composite material based on MoS2 and SWCNTs was prepared by shear-force milling of MoS2 powder with SWCNTs. We then prepared a paper

• of connection between the MoS2 sheets and SWCNTs. Ultimately, this led to a decrease in the conductivity, and consequently, substantial increase in the Tafel slope value. The MoS2-based composite paper was also tested as a freestanding anode in LIBs without additives such as binders or conductive

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• and in the presence of different additives [12][20][21][22], much less is known about 1D TNMs, such as titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs), titanium oxide nanowires (TNWs) and titanium oxide nanorods (TNRs). As shown previously, the morphology of TNMs is expected to play a significant role in their

• (diallyldimethylammonium)chloride)). Their results show that oppositely charged polyelectrolytes strongly adsorb on TNW surfaces, leading to charge neutralization at the isoelectric point and subsequent charge reversal at higher polyelectrolyte concentration. Apart from polyelectrolytes, another class of additives widely

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• , 100 nm diameter) and inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles (IFs) were reported in multiple literature sources [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], making them an excellent alternative to carbon nanotubes as additives for the mechanical enforcement of polymeric matrices [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. An

• human cancer cells – HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF7 (breast cancer). The cells were cultured on 24-well plates. When the cells reached 80% confluence, freshly prepared aqueous dispersions of WS2-NT or WS2-NT-CM (45 µL, 1 mg/mL) were added to two of the plates, and a third plate, with no additives, was

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• they may come in contact with the nutrient product. It is of great importance to avoid the migration of such chemical additives. Today inorganic containers are thought to play the dual role of embedding a specific agent to avoid its ingress into a polymer as well as providing the complementary

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• were successfully prepared without elevated temperatures and nickel salt additives. This work may provide with a new idea for the synthesis of nanostructured Ni(OH)2 by a simple and environmentally friendly approach. (a) Schematics of the fabrication process of the sandwich-like Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• shape has been demonstrated by employing a low-temperature single-step electrodeposition process, free of any supplementary reactants/additives, by creating low ion-flux conditions. It is further demonstrated that the ITO substrate patterned with a pore size of ≈600 nm provides site-specific growth

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• , these additives enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite, but on the other hand, they increase the viscosity of the composite and hence impair its workability. This in turn could negatively affect the device–matrix interface. To address this problem, we suggest a tunable composite material

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• reported N-heterocyclic carbene iron(II) dye in the presence of chenodeoxycholic acid co-adsorbant, can be considerably improved by altering the composition of the electrolyte while retaining an I−/I3− redox shuttle. Critical factors are the solvent, presence of ionic liquid, and the use of the additives 1

• additives in an I−/I3−-based electrolyte. We present data for fully masked DSCs to avoid overestimation of their performance [40]. Results and Discussion Effects of solvent and ionic liquid The working electrodes for the DSCs were prepared using commercial FTO/TiO2 electrodes immersed in a MeCN solution

• in Table 1. In typical I−/I3−-based electrolytes, LiI and I2 are present in a solvent such as MeCN, 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN) or valeronitrile, with added ionic liquid, often 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BMII, Scheme 3). Additives are also present to tune the TiO2 conduction band energy and

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• LDHs intercalated with only HALS or MP. This underlines the benefit of the co-intercalation. The co-intercalated LDH materials pave a new way in designing and fabricating high-performance multifunctional additives for polymers. Keywords: co-intercalation; composites; layered double hydroxides; photo

• -oxidation stability; polypropylene; thermal stability; Introduction Hindered phenols and hindered amines, containing the functional groups 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, respectively, are widely used as functional additives in polymers to prolong the service life [1][2][3

• volatilize from the polymer, reducing the anti-aging efficiency and increasing environmental pollution [6]. Therefore, it is of interest to explore novel multifunctional additives for polymers with high anti-aging performance together with high migration resistance. Recently, inorganic–organic hybrid

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• -octadecene, OAm) [68], or in aqueous solutions. Depending on the additives and the reaction conditions, a variety of different shapes and sizes can be realized [66][67][69][70][71][72][73][74]. The generation of small silver nanoparticles (3–6 nm) is often performed only to generate seeds as a precursor for