Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• of adsorption sites for MPs/NPs, not only on the external surface but also within the internal pores, thereby enhancing the material’s adsorption rate (Figure 4) [49]. Chitin–graphene oxide sponges showed an adsorption capacity of 89.8% for PS. The defined mechanisms include electrostatic attraction

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• on porous materials, such as carbon-based adsorbents. These innovations help to slow down electron–hole recombination, broaden light absorption, and enhance surface adsorption sites [11]. Cao et al. synthesized TiO2 nanowires on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through a solvothermal method, which

• effect may involve (1) carbon cloth possessing a substantial specific surface area and surface mesopores, which offers numerous adsorption sites, thereby concentrating solute molecules near the surface of thin films [13], (2) the transfer of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 to the conductive carbon

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• with Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions for adsorption sites. In contrast, higher pH values above 7.0 caused the adsorption efficiency to decrease, which could be due to the formation of metal hydroxide precipitates. Consequently, pH 7.0 was determined to maximize the adsorption efficiency of dendrimerized CNT

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• modification is less pronounced than Orientation A, resulting in moderate optical tuning. Such orientation-dependent optical responses are consistent with prior studies on ZnS NTs, where adsorption sites and molecular orientation strongly influence electronic coupling and optical transitions [71]. Orientation

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . have demonstrated that GO is effective in the removal of actinides from nuclear wastewaters [8]. However, the adsorbing mechanism of metal ions to the GO surface, such as adsorption sites, remains to be elucidated. It has been demonstrated that GO tends to aggregate during the process of metal ion

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• + ions and TC for adsorption sites, along with the ionization of hydroxy groups and the subsequent formation of hydrogen bonds with TC molecules, results in a rapid increase in adsorption capacity. Beyond pH 7, adsorption capacity decreases sharply as TC transforms into negatively charged anions, causing

• adsorption rate of TC increases rapidly at all concentrations but decreases significantly afterward. This occurs because, during the initial stage, numerous vacant adsorption sites on the surface allow for the easy adsorption of TC. As TC molecules fill the vacant adsorption sites, the adsorption rate

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• number of adsorption sites on the surface, improve mechanical properties, enhance hydrophilicity and wettability, and stabilize nanofibers in aqueous solutions [156]. Numerous techniques have been developed to modify the surface properties of electrospun nanofibers, including surface graft polymerization

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• synthesizing amine-functionalized MOFs. The uncoordinated and electron-rich nitrogen atoms in amines are ‘CO2-philic’ [33][35] and provide active adsorption sites for CO2 through Lewis acid–base interaction between CO2 and amines [67]. As illustrated in Figure 2d, adsorptive selectivity can also result from

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• model was initially formulated to characterize gas adsorption on solid-phase adsorbents such as carbon-based adsorbents [13]. The fundamental assumptions of the Langmuir isotherm include: (1) adsorption occurs as a monolayer; (2) adsorption sites are uniformly distributed; (3) the adsorption energy

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• because of fast filling of the adsorption sites. In conclusion, DOX loading onto the SNPs was accomplished successfully. In previous studies conducted by our group on the carrying capacity of nanostructures, we obtained comparable results [20][24][37]. Encapsulation and release studies of DOX encapsulated

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• the azimuthal orientation of the molecules, resulting in a preferential growth of the chains in two of the four azimuthal orientations. We explain this by the adaptation of favorable adsorption sites, which involve the replacement of Ag atoms by QA molecules with specific azimuthal orientations at the

• of orientations A and C (which exhibit equivalent adsorption geometries at the Ag step edges, see Figure 1) adapt more favorable adsorption sites than those in orientations B and D. Hence, the nuclei of orientations A and C are more stable. In addition, it may be possible that the increased mobility

• situations, the preferential growth of specific orientations at 400 and 500 K is caused by a growth start of the QA structures at the Ag step edges at elevated temperatures. Thus, the step edges have a strong influence on the azimuthal orientations of the QA structures because adsorption sites at the Ag step

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• , directly linked to the rise in global temperature, has raised significant attention. Carbon capture and storage, particularly in association with adsorbents, has occurred as a pivotal approach to address this pressing issue. Large surface area, high porosity, and abundant adsorption sites make metal

• -organic frameworks (MOFs) promising contenders for CO2 uptake. This review commences by discussing recent advancements in MOFs with diverse adsorption sites, encompassing open metal sites and Lewis basic centers. Next, diverse strategies aimed at enhancing CO2 adsorption capabilities are presented

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• adsorption sites (S), for example, in a reaction: [30], may contribute to accumulation of holes near the surface (Figure 3c) [12][14][31]. Then, upon exposure to humidity, the conductivity reduces; impedances measured at RH 5–20% (ca. 0.5 GΩ) are lower than impedances of 2–8 GΩ measured in the RH region of

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• Sephacryl gel is an allyl dextran copolymer, and its dextran links act as adsorption sites for SWCNTs in gel chromatography separation [25]. As SWCNTs are wrapped by riboflavin, there are two possible sites of SWCNT–dextran interaction, namely over two ribityl side chains (Figure 5a) and on the edge of

• propose a novel preparative approach to enrich SWCNTs with a small-diameter fraction in aqueous dispersions by a single-step extraction procedure. The adsorption of riboflavin molecules governs the separation effect onto SWCNTs, which determines their interaction with adsorption sites of Sephacryl, and

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• . Molecular simulation results indicated that the isomer discrimination is mainly due to the access of the isomers to different adsorption sites in the MOFs, which are sterically controlled by the rigid crystalline framework. Based on the same detection mode, the QCM-based sensor array coated with six

• -aminoalanine) [141][142]. The step–kink structure can provide more adsorption sites for chiral molecules, thus promoting the separation of the two isomers. Although based on simulation studies, the chiral metal surface may induce different conformational strains with enantiomers and exhibit distinct adsorption

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• promoted strong light confinement, and the increased number of adsorption sites due to the branched ZnO nanostructures. Despite the fact that ZnO is a non-plasmonic semiconductor material, it can elicit a degree of SERS effect via chemical enhancement of atomic vibrational modes of the analyte. Kim et al

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• intercrystalline defect formation in MOFs can have either positive or negative effects on the separation performance. Point defects and extended defects may increase the number of adsorption sites in MOFs [35], while missing linkers may provide low-resistance diffusion pathways by increasing the porosity of the

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• remains unreacted, still imaged as a bright protrusion. There are three backbonds at each adatom site. The existence of the tilted pairs (Pair 1, Pair 2) may suggest that the adsorption sites of oxygen at the backbond site should have a certain preference. The pair corresponds to one adatom and a pentamer

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• surface area of the electrospun membranes offers more adsorption sites [54]. Wang et al. developed a highly porous PAN membrane, which was widely tuned by layer-by-layer assembly, which filtered PS microspheres at a lower pressure of 0.6 psi while the pressure required using conventional MF is 10 psi [55

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• observed at much higher temperatures on both surfaces. Dimer and chain structures were always aligned perpendicularly to the close-packed rows suggesting an attractive interaction along the [001] direction of the substrate [58]. CO adsorption sites were found with the C atom on top of Cu or Cu-O rows

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• to be possessing better gas sensing capabilities. Fab-fracs with these salient features will help in designing the commercial gas sensors with better performance. Keywords: adsorption sites; fabricated fractal; fractal dimension; gas sensor; morphology; pore network; recovery time; response time

• response and better selectivity to NO2 at 65 °C. These sensing characteristics were attributed to the dendritic structure promoting diffusion and increasing the availability of adsorption sites. The structures were estimated to have a fractal dimension of 1.78. The results of these three studies show that

• gas molecules to move through the abundant multiscale interconnected canals of the sensing material. Also, the large surface area of the dandelion-like structure enhanced the physical or chemical interactions due to availability of active adsorption sites at the surface of the sensing material. These

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• -dimensional AFM experiments. Although molecules adsorbed on bulk insulators are electronically decoupled, molecular self-assemblies can experience a substrate templating effect due to the presence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. Therefore, Söngen et al. [77] found on bulk calcite and magnesite that the

• feature heterogeneous adsorption sites, which can lead to the anchoring of organic molecules having specific functional groups. Hence, the interplay of the potential energy landscape of the substrate and the intermolecular interactions steers the self-assembly in such systems. Xiang et al. [90] studied

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• MoS2 As in our previous work [28], there are three metal atom adsorption sites, labelled as atop_S, atop_Mo, and hollow, on the MoS2 ML, which are highlighted in Figure 1A. Site atop_S has a metal atom adsorbed directly atop a S atom. Site atop_Mo has a metal atom binding to three S atoms directly

• , symmetrical versus asymmetrical addition, incorporation of atoms into the ML, adsorption sites, and changes to stability in the presence of an S vacancy. Our findings are supported through analysis of geometry variations, bond lengths, adsorption, addition and metal–metal interaction energies, and Bader

• charges. Single-atom adsorption Co and Ru atoms adsorb exothermically at all three adsorption sites. A single Co atom adsorbs most strongly at site atop_Mo, with an energy gain of −5.82 eV, followed by site hollow and site atop_S, with energy gains of −5.55 eV and −4.21 eV, respectively. A single Ru atom

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• from 0.8 to 0.9 eV for N 1s and C 1s, respectively. Such a broadening might be ascribed to adsorption at inequivalent adsorption sites or other kinds of disorder, which may result in a statistical distribution of orbital energies [59]. Also visible is a shift of the monolayer N 1s and C 1s core level

• coverages, possibly due to different adsorption sites on the substrate lattice. Also, distinct shifts to higher binding energies can be detected with decreasing film thickness. Trends for binding energy shifts of the C-1 component as a function of the CoPc (and FePc) thickness are almost independent on the

• arrangement of the molecules on the STO(100) surface due to the different size of the molecules and/or different intermolecular interactions. A strong repulsion is expected for CoPcF16 with its negatively charged outer fluorine atoms. Further, for CoPcF16, adsorption sites might be triggered by the observed C

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• ) ternary oxide layer [19], which is based on a mixed Cu–O top layer with an alignment of Cu atoms along the [100] direction [20]. The Cu surface rows were shown to act as preferential adsorption sites for W3O9 nanoclusters. In all the above-mentioned studies, the W3O9 clusters were imaged with submolecular