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Search for "amorphous" in Full Text gives 505 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141
- structure similar to a fiber-reinforced elastomer, with a fibrillar nature that leads to anisotropic mechanical properties [40][41][42]. Rather than explicitly resolving individual fibers and the surrounding amorphous matrix, we represented the spatula with a coarse-grained bead network whose anisotropic
- surface, and a 13 nm thick amorphous bulk below, which matched the same bead density as our previous random-substrate model. All substrate beads had identical interactions with the spatula, and both layers were held fixed in space. Since the regular top monolayer differed from the fully random arrangement
- ) does not interact with the spatula beads; therefore, any substrate thicker than the spatula–substrate potential cutoff (rcutoff ≤ thickness ≤ ∞) would result in identical dynamics and forces. Our substrate (1 monolayer + 13 nm amorphous bulk) exceeds the cutoff, fully representing all interactions
Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139
- , featuring an endothermic peak corresponding to the melting of crystallites, an exothermic peak related to the crystallization of polymer chains into spherulites, and a baseline shift indicative of the glass transition of the amorphous regions. Due to the high PLA content in the fibers, all three analyzed
- glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA and related to enthalpic relaxations in the amorphous regions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was also performed to compare the crystallinity and characteristic peaks of the produced nanofibers. Figure 9 presents the diffractograms of the NF-PLA, NF-HA/PLA, and
- NF-HA+NE2/PLA nanofibers, as well as the HA and PLA powders for comparison purposes. As expected, the HA powder exhibited the typical profile of an amorphous polymer, with a broad amorphous halo between 2θ = 15° and 30°. The PLA powder displayed a characteristic semicrystalline PLA diffraction
Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136
- 5.0 with the JKR model [29], we use the COS model, which has been shown to more accurately fit contacts having material properties between the DMT and JKR extremes. The fits to the experimental data are provided in Figure 5. In each case, all materials for tip and substrate were pure amorphous
Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124
- of layered structure. The remaining reflections are barely discernible, broad, and of low intensity, further suggesting that the obtained material is predominantly amorphous phase rather than crystalline LDH. The piezocatalytic performance of the abovementioned LDHs is quite impressive in many cases
Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123
- , and C–O) and the simultaneous transformation of the amorphous polymer phase into a graphitized structure with higher electrical parameters [9]. This results in carbon regions rich in conjugated π-electron systems, which allow for efficient charge delocalization and the formation of conducting pathways
- and Ag ion interstitials. The discrepancy between the SRIM-simulated and RBS-measured Ag depth profiles can be attributed to several factors. SRIM simulations are based on an idealized model that assumes a homogeneous, amorphous target with constant density and does not account for structural or
Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122
- transfer throughout the entire polymer matrix. However, in NPs, a balance between amorphous and crystalline states is necessary to optimize mechanical strength and drug release rates. The glass transition temperature reflects the polymer chain’s permeability and mobility, influencing its susceptibility to
Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109
- silicon, while amorphous silicon exhibits the highest degradation rate among them [45]. Interestingly, doping can lead to a retardation of degradation [42], resembling the etch-stop phenomenon in the potassium hydroxide process. This newfound understanding of biodegradability of electronic-grade silicon
- has prompted further exploration of chemically analogous materials, such as germanium [45][46], silicon–germanium alloys [45], amorphous semiconductors [45], indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) [47], and metal oxides such as zinc oxide [48], for their potential as bioresorbable semiconductors. These
- but also of electrical and mechanical performance. For instance, Mg-3Zn, which suffers from phase separation in bulk form, can be synthesized as a uniform alloy in thin films, offering improved corrosion resistance [61]. Moreover, bioresorbable amorphous metal (metallic glass) films have demonstrated
Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108
- compared with the vibrational modes of the unablated bulk Si target. Figure 5 presents the obtained Raman spectra. In general, when bulk crystalline Si is transformed into Si NPs, an amorphous phase in Si nanocomposites can be formed [41]. Usually, amorphous Si Raman modes are shifted to lower wavenumbers
- compared to crystalline Si. For example, according to [12], Si NPs exhibit both crystalline and amorphous Raman peaks at 517 and 477 cm−1, respectively. All major peaks in the Raman spectrum are attributable to the spectrum of silicon. The peaks are located in the ranges of 502–518, 284–285, and 925–950 cm
- contribution from the amorphous phase, with the intensity variation among them representing variations in the ratio of amorphous and crystalline phases. For example, the 2TA and 2TO phonon modes of Si NPs obtained by Gaussian laser beam ablation are higher in intensity in comparison with those of the samples
Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104
Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88
- filaments to aid in the excretion of unabsorbed insecticides, unlike susceptible strains that released little or no PM [32]. Additionally, amorphous feces were reported in larvae fed with Derris urucu extracts (rich in rotenoids), suggesting a potential link between exposure to rotenoid-type phytochemicals
Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84
- unknown, particularly the underexplored preference of amorphous over crystalline structures warrants further investigation. Herein, we present a systematic study of laser-generated equimolar CrMnFeCoNi nanoparticles, focusing on structural differences, arising from varying pulse durations during synthesis
- produces polycrystalline HEA NPs, nanosecond-pulsed laser ablation favors a metastable amorphous structure. Particle cores in all cases exhibit a homogeneous distribution of the metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, while particle shells were found to vary between manganese-enriched oxide layers and thin
- graphitic carbon coatings. The discovery of the structure-directing mechanism allows one to select between crystalline or amorphous HEA NP products, simply by choice of the laser pulse duration in the same, well-scalable setup, giving access to colloidal particles that can be further downstream processed to
Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO2 coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81
- ) coatings deposited using electron beam evaporation (EBE) and ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) are presented. Post-process annealing at 800 °C was also conducted to examine its impact on the properties of the prepared coatings. After annealing at 800 °C, a transition from amorphous to the anatase phase
- ]. According to [22], amorphous or anatase phases are desirable for optical thin films because of the materials’ isotropic properties with low extinction coefficient. Considering the above advantages, in this paper, titanium dioxide thin films were prepared using electron beam evaporation and ion beam-assisted
- shows a comparison of XRD patterns of as-deposited and annealed TiO2 thin films prepared by EBE and IBAD. All thin films changed their structure from amorphous to anatase after annealing. Mergel et al. [30] and Lu et al. [3] showed that TiO2 films prepared by the EBE method, due to the low substrate
Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74
- scattering, and system-specific background. With the last two components removed, the total elastic scattering signal (Figure 4D) exhibits a distribution typical of amorphous materials with two major humps situated between 1 and 4 Å−1, consistent with the X-ray scattering measurement as shown below in Figure
Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69
- glass and not Si, charging effects can occur. In addition, the SE yields of amorphous SiO2 and crystalline Si are different. Therefore the actual deposition rates and the estimated and real layer thickness differ. Overall, they vary from 300 to 1200 nm. Although in theory, the area of the cross section
Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO2 using small angle X-ray scattering
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68
- Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Technische Universtät Darmstadt, 64289 Darmtadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.68 Abstract Conical nanopores in amorphous SiO2 thin films fabricated using the ion track etching technique show promising potential for filtration, sensing
- dioxide [29][40][30]. Amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) has excellent chemical stability, well-understood surface chemistry, and compatibility with semiconductor processing, opening up new applications for track-etched nanopores in this material [30]. In this study, we report the characterization of track
- in thermal and PECVD SiO2 We utilized two types of amorphous silicon dioxide samples. The first type consisted of 1 μm thick thermally grown SiO2 on ⟨100⟩ Si substrates (300 μm thickness), obtained commercially from WaferPro Ltd, USA. The second type comprised PECVD-deposited SiO2 films (≈1.1 μm
Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67
- °C. An exception is smaller diamond crystallites, whose surfaces partially transform into amorphous sp2-like carbon. The presence of a nickel layer promotes the conversion of the diamond surface into graphitic-like thin films with high concentration of structural defects. Although the morphology of
Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS2 layers coated with pyrolytic carbon
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64
- (according to calculations above 1.75 Na per unit MoS2), the intercalate decomposes into amorphous Na2S and Mo; this reaction occurs at potentials below 0.8 V vs Na/Na+ [3]. The reaction products cannot be converted back to MoS2 due to the strong Na–S bonding [5]. The irreversible conversion reaction
Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61
- of GO and SG nanomaterials had amorphous structures which did not give obvious peaks in the XRD pattern. Regarding the FTIR spectrum in Figure 6b, most of obvious peaks are attributed to functional groups of nanosilica. The vibration band at 3772.1 cm−1 is assigned to silanol groups on the nanosilica
Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60
- performance by first fabricating amorphous iron oxide films on normal glass substrates by spray pyrolysis followed by heating in sulfur atmosphere at 350 and 400 °C [20]. For pyrite film fabrication, solvothermal or hydrothermal and chemical synthetic routes are generally adopted [21][22][23]. Henríquez et al
Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59
- in [6][7][8][13][15]). Generally, it can be assumed that the iron sucrose core is composed of iron oxyhydroxide (FeO(OH)), and it is very likely that the structure is amorphous rather than crystalline [15]. Regarding the magnetic properties of FeO(OH), it exhibits an antiferromagnetic arrangement
- . In both patterns, three broad features can be distinguished with the same localization of maxima around 15.6°, 23°, and 35°, and an additional arrangement of sharp lines at different angular positions. These three dominant lines in both XRD patterns most probably belong to amorphous microcellulose as
- cellulose dominates. Thus, in the same way for SiO2, sucrose, and calcium alginate, the possible Bragg peaks from the iron-containing phase are hidden under the background and cellulose signal. Another cause may be an amorphous structure of the nanoparticles, as it is well known that XRD patterns of
The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52
- )amine] (PTAA) [24]. These compounds exhibit favorable solubility, reasonable energetic alignment with most perovskites, and an amorphous nature. The main issues that arise from their usage involve poor conductivity and mechanical stability [25], the existence of pinholes, and a poor adhesion with the
Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50
- the crystal state into an amorphous state after SLN preparation. FTIR results indicated compatibility between APT and the polymers. XRD, TGA, and DSC results indicated no physical interaction between drug and polymers. In vitro drug release studies showed that APT-CD-NP4 yielded the maximum drug
- β-CD concentration converted crystalline entrapped APT into an amorphous state, decreasing surface tension and promoting the solubility profile [14]. A similar behavior was observed for the poloxamer 407 samples with solubilities in the order of APT-PX-NP5 > APT-PX-NP6 > APT-PX-NP7 > APT-PX-NP8 due
- exhibited less sharp peaks than APT because of a reduction of the polymer crystallinity. Also, the interaction of polymeric content with APT via hydrogen bonding converts the crystalline form of APT into an amorphous form [20]. TGA and DSC studies Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal
Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46
- , the solution is centrifuged to remove any solid particles, resulting in a clear SF solution ready to be electrospun as shown in Figure 3 [79]. Silk contains 30–40% amorphous and 60–70% crystalline regions; crystalline silk is composed of silk I (α-helical), silk II (β-sheets), and silk III (hexagonal
- crystalline), whereas random globules make up the amorphous region [80]. Silk I with α-helical structure can be turned into silk II with β-sheets through shearing, spinning, heating, or by using methanol or ethanol solvents; this transition is considered irreversible [81]. Triple helices of collagen and β
- biodegradable [124]. Degradation is limited in crystalline regions, while amorphous regions get degraded easily within PU. The molecular structure and composition of the polymer, its molecular weight, crystallinity, and the presence of cross-links and additives are a few elements that impact polymer degradation
Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45
- equivalence ratio was reduced to 1.6, the average diameter of CNF increased by 46% to 114 nm, with amorphous carbon observed. The said observation is due to the effects of the increased flame temperature as the equivalence ratio approaches stoichiometry conditions from the rich side. This increases the
- nucleation rate, which in turn increases the catalyst particle size and the amount of free carbon atoms, producing CNFs with larger diameters and amorphous carbon. According to Raman analysis, the grown CNFs have a high number of defects, which may be good for applications where defective nanomaterials are
- three stainless steel inlet tubes for LPG, oxygen, and nitrogen was used to synthesize CNTs. TEM images revealed a 0.35 nm interplanar spacing, showing high crystallinity and a thin amorphous layer [11]. In a separate study, CNFs were synthesized using acetylene and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor
Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in CdxZn1−xO composite thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43
- -based optoelectronic applications [7]. High-energy ion irradiation can lead to latent track formation or phase transitions, either from crystalline to crystalline or crystalline to amorphous, depending on the threshold electronic energy loss (Seth) [8][9]. The formation of latent tracks has been
- thin films [1]. Das et al. reported that Seth for the formation of an amorphous latent track in rock salt CdO is 14.56 keV/nm [7]. Thus, we selected 120 MeV Ag ions, where electronic energy loss (Se) in CdO is 25.10 keV/nm, and 80 MeV O ions, with Se at 1.9 keV/nm, to examine the effects on both sides
- temperature of 900 °C, Si diffusion intensifies, resulting in an increased thickness of the amorphous silicon oxide layer at the film–substrate interface [24]. The interdiffusion of Si, O, Cd, and Zn atoms near the SiOx layer (i.e., at the substrate–film interface) facilitates the formation of willemite
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