Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• cross-section and a five-fold twinned inner structure (Figure 9). A series of heating and cooling cycles was applied, accompanied by compression and tensile deformations along the NW. The heating cycle induced the formation of defects, and amorphous regions were the most pronounced in the central part

• taken when the structure had turned amorphous but not yet broken (right). Color code: green – FCC lattice, red – HCP, blue – BCC, white – amorphous. Supporting Information File contains additional SEM and TEM images, as well as additional details of FEM and MD simulations. Supporting Information File

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• observed the plateau-like region as reported here, where the gauge factor is similar to the gauge factor at very low strain [24][33]. A plateau-like region has neither been observed in nanocrystalline graphite [33], amorphous carbon films [34], nor in metallic films [35]. The mechanism that leads to an

• increase of resistance in amorphous carbon and gold films at large strain is crack formation. Also, in NCG, which is full of GBs and defects, crack formation and propagation have to be considered [36]. Assuming nanocrack formation at the GBs, we could understand the entire piezoresistance curve in the

• and destruction model [24]. (d) Typical stress–strain curve of amorphous polymer PMMA film (reprinted from [32], Polymer, Vol. 44, Issue 19, by Z. H. Stachurski, “Strength and deformation of rigid polymers: the stress–strain curve in amorphous PMMA“, pages 6067–6076, Copyright (2003), with permission

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• samples, the backscattered (BS) yield in an aligned direction reduces to 5% and 7%, respectively. In defect analysis through ion implantation [42], the category-I damage is the subthreshold damage (i.e., partially damaged region) before it completely turns amorphous. On a complete amorphization, an

• amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interface is formed and further incoming ions create damage beyond this interface or end-range (ER) defects are produced. The irradiated Ge and Si targets clearly show visible damage peaks between channel numbers (1000–1100) for Si and (1500–1600) for Ge. The clustering of

• + ions irradiated on Ge is 3 to 4% which is lower than that for Si, having 10 to 11% due to differences in mass values of the crystal atoms. However, the damage distribution within the amorphous layer is greater for Ge in comparison with Si implanted samples, and it increases with ion fluence. Conclusion

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• crystallinity after vacuum annealing might also play a role in determining the work function [45]. XRD measurements were carried out on the 60 nm thick film to investigate any possible change in the crystallinity due to vacuum annealing. The XRD data (Figure 5) of a 60 nm-thick NS-WOx film reveals an amorphous

• nature of the as-deposited film, which transforms into a polycrystalline monoclinic structure after vacuum annealing. A similar observation is reported in literature where the as-deposited amorphous WOx films transformed into monoclinic structures after annealing at or above 673 K [2][12][46]. It is to

• revealed from the XRD studies, as-deposited NS-WOx films are amorphous in nature, whereas post-growth vacuum-annealed (at 673 K for 1 h) films show an amorphous-to-crystalline structural phase transition. XPS analysis confirms an increasing concentration of defect density in the form of oxygen vacancies

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• the nanometer range (100–1000 nm), with a theoretical drug loading of 100%. They consist of pure drugs, usually in a solid amorphous state, with a minimal quantity of surface-active agents for stabilization. Nanocrystals are superior to microsuspensions at increasing the oral bioavailability of class

• , nanomedicines are highly susceptible to aggregation, hygroscopicity, contamination, phase transition, amorphous-to-crystalline transitions, and degradation. It is critical to maintain batch-to-batch reproducibility (in terms of mean size, polydispersity, ζ-potential, and drug loading) not only during large

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• larger than the geometric (electromagnetic) inductance in thin films and nanowires made of amorphous superconductors [16]. It is, therefore, useful in applications that require compact microwave resonators with low loss [17], including microwave filters [18] and resonant radiation detectors [19]. Large

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• disordered amorphous superconductors [50] revealed that in the regime of superconductor–insulator transition the superconducting gap is stable, whereas the coherence peaks in the single-particle density of states (DOS) disappear. Following this observation, it was suggested that the system exhibits

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• on the direct delivery of water molecules into the scanning electron microscope chamber. This process is called focused electron-beam-induced etching (FEBIE) and was already demonstrated for thin amorphous carbon membranes a decade ago [15]. Oxygen or water vapor can be used for etching graphene [16

• as an unwanted co-deposition of amorphous carbon. Those deposition and etching processes may co-exist and can be controlled to a certain level by the electron flux [23]. The influence of surface kinetics phenomena on the etch profiles has not been considered in the previous works describing the proof

• changes upon stationary exposure were investigated in the work of Stevens Kalceff et al. [24], where the authors observed an increase/decrease in volume of crystalline and amorphous SiO2, respectively. However, the explicit mechanism responsible for the process that considers possible reactions paths with

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed the appearance of an amorphous region of silica particles at a diffraction angle of 22°. The formation of silica was

• the XRD spectra for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). The peak at 2θ = 11° belongs to the GO sheet, and a new peak that appeared at 2θ = 22° was assigned to the amorphous silica. The broad peak of GO in GO-VTES may be explained to be due to the intercalation of the GO sheet during modification. Silica was

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• after stretching the PLA solution during the electrospinning process displays only a broad scattering band, located at around 2θ = 21.3°, indicating an amorphous structure of PLA nanofibers. Due to the stretching and rapid solidification of the PLA solution during traveling from the needle to the

• collector, the rearrangement of the polymer chains into lamellar packing was limited, resulting in domination of the amorphous region in PLA nanofibers [41]. The XRD patterns of BBR drug-loaded PLA nanofiber scaffolds exhibit a distinct peak similar to that of the PLA nanofiber scaffold without the

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• membrane might be different from etching to a free-standing amorphous SiN membrane. The structural integrity of a free-standing crystalline membrane during KOH etching is still to be investigated. An alternative to KOH etching would be FIB milling [38] or RIE [39]. Lift-off fabrication process. SEM images

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• amorphous matrixes of carbon with embedded metal crystallites and a gold content of 2–3 atom % [19], 10–40 atom % [20], and 8–20 atom % [21], respectively. This is most likely due to the fact that the CVD process is thermally driven, while in FEBID, the precursor fragmentation is primarily electron driven

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• interlayer distance compared to variant T2. The Ge–Au bond lengths obtained for the T1 structure, 2.50 Å, are in good agreement with the experimental values for amorphous GeAu alloys, 2.66 Å, [33] and thin films of Au covering a Ge(111) surface, 2.5 Å, [34]. In variant T2 the Au–Ge distance between Au atoms

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• (XRD) analyses were performed. Characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticles The morphological features of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were investigated with the help of FE-SEM micrograph (Figure 2a). It is seen that the Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibit amorphous nature. Thus, it can be stated that the particle size

• of the amorphous nature of the material. It is noted that the Al2O3 nanoparticles used in this study have been previously evaluated and similar XRD results were reported in our previous study [21]. Characterization of graphene nanoplatelets The morphological features of the graphene nanoparticles

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• 520.8 cm−1. Interestingly, the observed Raman spectrum for SP900 is very similar to that of the product of silicon and phosphorus MBE co-deposition at 3:2 molar ratio [34]. This substance was reported as amorphous; however, it could contain Si3P4 NPs along with other SixPy compounds. Factor group

• appropriate corrections are made [34]. The broad signal at 475 cm−1, likely corresponding to an amorphous admixture, obscures two high-frequency T2 modes (the position of one of them will be addressed in the IR spectra discussion below). Fundamentally, the consistency between the experiment and computations

• , the less noticeable (400), (331), (422) and (511) signals were observed). Amorphous material is present in the sample, which is most noticeable as a ca. 2 nm layer on the surface of the NPs (Figure 7a). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental maps (Figure 7c,d) for Si Kα and P Kα do not show any

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• possible, which includes a minimization of the thickness of the amorphous layer. Focused ion beams of such low energy are generally hard to achieve due to the difficulty of focusing. Some current instruments can utilize focused beams of 500 eV to perform chemical analysis of materials [21], and it is

• coefficient µ > 0.94 and indicates a pristine crystalline structure. This region is situated closer to the bottom of the sample. The second is the amorphous region, where µ < 0.89 and no local order is present. It is located near the surface. The third region is a transitive region that we label “partially

• amorphous region”, where 0.89 < µ < 0.94. The damage induced by ion Ar irradiation has not yet completely disturbed the local order. This region is always located between the crystalline and amorphous slabs. In the crystalline region, the sample is intact, and only thermal vibrations occurs. The amorphous

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• observed by transmission electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses of the nanoparticles indicated that BNZ might be dispersed in the nanoparticle matrix in an amorphous state. The

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• cycle, the subsequent cycles yield broad and low-intensity peaks caused by the electrochemical milling of the active material, leading to reduced size and amorphous structures [59][60]. For the Ge@C electrodes, the first cathodic peaks in the potential range of 0.5–1.5 V vs Li/Li+, are assigned to the

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• that crystalline ZnO particles adhere to the surface of amorphous carbon, and the ZnO content increases as a function of a dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O. The as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids exhibit effective electromagnetic absorption, which is related to a synergy effect of different dielectric loss processes

• gradually gets weaker with increasing added amounts of ZnNO3·6H2O. Also, a small peak at 26.5°, which corresponds to the (002) reflection of amorphous carbon, can be found in the SCZ samples, especially when the dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O is low. A carbon phase on the SiC surface was obtained through the removal

• amorphous state (Figure 2e). The carbon shell may have a positive effect on the nucleation of ZnO particles. This is because oxygen-containing functional groups (such as carboxyl and hydroxy groups) and structural defects are generated on the SiC@C surface during the in situ carbonization [24], which both

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• and Gong discuss the organization of gels [103]. Specifically, they outline a unique anisotropic hydrogel consisting of uniaxially aligned lamellar bilayers in an amorphous gel matrix. This gel organization exhibits a beautiful structural color that is sensitive to mechanical and chemical stimuli. The

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• these materials are significant, as evidenced mainly by the differences in the width of the peaks and the ratio of D to G peak heights. The Vulcan material is not well-ordered (close to amorphous), as evidenced by the large width of the D and G peaks. In contrast, the spectrum of the C-11 material has

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• as polymer-like nanoparticles of amorphous carbon with embedded partially sp2-hybridized atomic domains [8]. In this structure, electrons are partially delocalized over the domain area, but a strong coupling of the amorphous host matrix is maintained continuously. CQDs are well known as chemically

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• the electrical resistivity [6]. This feature is related to the polycrystalline or amorphous nature of these materials when deposited in a thin-film form [4][7][8]. In addition to the applicative interest, the study of these materials is relevant from a fundamental point of view. NbxRe1−x (NbRe) for

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• crystallization zones are observed in the formed nanofilms. In addition, there are areas of mixed structures, where the amorphous atomic structure most likely prevails. Quantitatively, the structure of nanofilms can be estimated, for example, by calculating the lattice ideality parameter [45]. This parameter is

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• samples show a polycrystalline structure crystallized in a cubic structure (JCPDS:71-2194) [28]. However, the sample treated with 240 mJ shows an amorphous structure because of the high energy that diffuses gas atoms from the chamber into the surface [29]. The obtained peaks correspond to ITO. It can be