Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• effects by efficiently eliminating DPPH activity. This research highlights the potential of AgSbS2 NCs as versatile agents with applications in biomedical and environmental domains, including cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies, and free radical neutralization. Keywords: AgSbS2 nanocrystals

• biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer) of nanomaterials has emerged as a crucial area of investigation in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In many studies, chemically or biologically synthesized nanoparticles have a wide range of pharmacological activity ranging

• from antibacterial activity to tumor therapy activity [5][6][7]. The escalating global concern regarding antimicrobial resistance presents a considerable threat to public health. Researchers are persistently exploring alternative strategies to address this pressing issue and the critical demand for

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• energy sectors (Figure 1). NMs have seen use as antimicrobial agents [1], catalysts [2], bioimaging agents [3][4][5][6], magnetic particle imaging agents [7], nanofluids [8], antiviral agents [9], photothermal convertors [10], and in environmental remediation [11]. Topically, the biomedical applications

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• , antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects [30][31]. It is also currently been evaluated as a candidate for skin regeneration due to its effect as a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) ligand, with studies suggesting that CB2 activation by selective agonists can enhance re-epithelialization, reduce pain, and improve

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• ], photodynamic therapy [96], antimicrobial applications [97], intracellular parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. [98][99], and for antioxidant potential [100], larvicidal, and repellent activities against arthropod vectors [101]. Nanotechnology has shown the potential to enhance the

• . Aegypti [118]. Thyme, a plant native to the Mediterranean, has antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, with main compounds such as 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (45.58%) and 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-phenol (41.50%) [119]. The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation. The nanoemulsion was prepared by

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• , particularly in dentistry. This scoping review examines the rising focus on these nanoparticles regarding their antimicrobial, regenerative, and therapeutic potential in dental applications. Among the metals studied, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles dominate because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial

• widely studied nanomaterials are metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and copper (CuNPs), and various metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, chemical stability, and distinctive optical and antimicrobial properties

• properties that enhance their versatility across multiple applications [23][24][25]. Biosynthesized AgNPs have been assessed regarding their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, as well as for their therapeutic potential in treating dermatitis and other conditions [26]. Studies have

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• yield. Such properties are promising for applications including photocatalytic water purification, self-cleaning surfaces, and light-activated antimicrobial coatings [20]. The elemental composition of the modified films was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• lameness, otitis media, and serositis [82]. Current therapeutic interventions predominantly rely on antimicrobial agents and prophylactic vaccination strategies [83]. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection has also been reported to have the potential to indirectly cause hepatocellular carcinoma [84], gastric

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• selective solvent [110]. Ursolic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, making it a potential antitumor agent [111]. It inhibits tumor cell proliferation, prevents metastasis and angiogenesis, and induces cell death [112]. The therapeutic

• vulgaris and B. aquifolium are some of the main sources of berberine, a quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid compound with a range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and, most importantly, antitumor effects [124][125]. The drug’s potential for cancer

• treatment. PCs, also known as proanthocyanidin, are phenolic compounds of the flavonoid family and are a class of natural polymers formed by catechins and epicatechins [134]. They exhibit a variety of bioactive properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• surface properties, and quantum effects, collectively enhance their antimicrobial efficacy [17]. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials facilitates efficient interactions with microorganisms, thereby enhancing their antimicrobial efficacy [18]. Additionally, the surface properties of

• nanomaterials can be engineered to optimize their antimicrobial activity, making them versatile tools in the development of advanced membrane technologies. Quantum effects, such as localized surface plasmon resonance in metallic nanoparticles, can further enhance antimicrobial properties by generating reactive

• lifespan of the membranes. The widely used antimicrobial nanoparticles can be categorized based on their composition and properties as follows: metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, oxide nanoparticles, and composite nanomaterials. Zheng’s group used an in situ synthesis method to embed AgNPs

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• enabling their precise, localized release. Recent reviews have outlined the key design parameters and clinical translation challenges associated with nanocarrier-based antimicrobial therapies, underscoring their relevance in overcoming bacterial resistance mechanisms [Xie, Y.; Liu, H.; Teng, Z.; Ma, J

• .; Liu, G. Nanoscale 2025, 17, 5605–5628. doi:10.1039/D4NR04774E ]. This review explores the potential of encapsulated metalloantibiotics as a new frontier in antimicrobial therapy. We address the mechanisms by which drug delivery systems can stabilize and direct metalloantibiotics to their biological

• : antimicrobial resistance; biocompatibility; metalloantibiotics; nanocarriers; targeted delivery; Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the condition that bacteria no longer respond to drugs used to treat infections, has become one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. According to

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• antimicrobial and antioxidation properties that can offer extended shelf life [27][28][29]. Essential oils are great candidates and possess a variety of bioactive properties while maintaining a high biocompatibility [30]. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is one of the best-known essential oils with strong activity

• strong antimicrobial and enhanced DPPH inhibition properties [38]. This study represents the first attempt to integrate rice straw-derived nanocellulose both as a biopackaging reinforcing filler and as a carrier for cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsions (PE-CEO) into a single biopackaging material

• cinnamaldehyde and other phenolic compounds in CEO, which act as natural UV absorbers [50]. The antimicrobial properties of the biopackaging were assessed by a time-kill assay against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 h of exposure (Figure 4c,e). rBP exhibited slight inhibitions of E. coli and S. aureus (<20

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• through the oxidative coupling of catechol groups using a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) catalytic system [41]. The addition of the antibiotic doxycycline provided the hydrogels with antimicrobial activity to treat infected full-thickness defect wounds. Flexible films composed of

• the extracellular matrix make them attractive drug delivery systems. Dermal applications include psoriasis treatment, antimicrobial activity, wound healing, and skin tumor remission. Understanding topical and transdermal drug delivery mechanisms is crucial. Hydrogels and nanogels, proven strategies to

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• impacts associated with traditional synthetic insecticides [9][10]. Chitosan nanoparticles, derived from a biodegradable and nontoxic polysaccharide, have proven effective in reducing post-harvest deterioration of fruits and vegetables, in addition to exhibiting well-documented antimicrobial properties

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• that curcumin mostly functions as a radical scavenger at higher concentrations [63]. Further studies also report the photodegradation kinetics of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties to be inversely dependent on concentration [64]. For CBD with the same mass concentration of 0.1 wt % of

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• , and cytokines regulate the leucocytes at the injury site. Neutrophils (leucocytes) remove pathogens and necrotic tissues by phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides, and the release of active oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, as well as eicosanoids [39]. Excessive and uncontrolled inflammation causes

• , environmental engineering, and green chemistry [59]. This method facilitates the creation of highly porous 3D structures with an extensive surface area and desirable chemical and physical properties, making the resulting nanofibers ideal for applications such as biosensors, antimicrobial surfaces, scaffolds

• movement and tissue regeneration, allow for neovascularization, accelerated re-epithelialization, and tissue development [109]. Without the need for a cross-linker, SF-based composites can be customized with a range of antimicrobial drugs, growth stimulants, and other bioactive substances [110]. Ren et al

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• , India Department of Physics, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.33 Abstract Special features of zinc oxide nanoparticles have drawn a lot of interest due to their wide bandgap, high surface area, photocatalytic activity, antimicrobial

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• -transform infrared spectroscopy. The broth dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the BerNPs against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The impact of the BerNPs on the cell surface of S. mutans was evaluated through FE-SEM analysis, focusing on its ability to inhibit biofilm

• is currently little information on its antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Therefore, it is scientifically and economically important to clarify the mechanism and ability of BerNPs to inhibit the growth of S. mutans. The findings from such studies could serve as a foundation for developing

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• improved the antimicrobial activity of the nanofibers against a wide range of bacteria [190]. In tissue engineering applications, aligned fibers are particularly effective as they better mimic the inductive environment, such as that of human tendon stem/progenitor cells, compared to random fibers [191

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• health and ecological systems [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Alarming projections in the USA anticipated that antimicrobial resistance-related deaths exceeding the combined toll of cancer and diabetes, with approximately 23,000 deaths annually [17]. For the mitigation of environmental hazards caused by

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• vesicle leakage, bacterial endophthalmitis, and ocular hypotonia. Wang et al. developed a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel with enhanced photothermal, antimicrobial, and drug-delivery capabilities (PVA@rGO-Ag/5-Fu) [71]. Under NIR irradiation, the rGO-Ag component in the hydrogel effectively targets and

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• characterized through colorimetric analysis (CIEL*a*b*) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity test The antimicrobial properties of the BEPh, BEOx, A-BEPh, A-BEOx, A-BEPhP, and A-BEOxP samples were investigated against the bacteria Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876) (Gram-positive) and Proteus mirabilis

• inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, which typically exhibit increased resistance due to the presence of an outer membrane that protects them from certain antimicrobial agents [29]. Therefore, the preliminary results indicate that bentonite clay modification with niobium oxide (BEOx) and niobium phosphate

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10