Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• contamination of insect adhesive pads with three-dimensional epicuticular waxes of different plant species contributes to the reduction of insect attachment. We measured traction forces of tethered Chrysolina fastuosa male beetles having hairy adhesive pads on nine wax-bearing plant surfaces differing in both

• tarsal attachment devices) are able to establish a highly reliable contact and adhere successfully to a great variety of substrates having both smooth and microrough topographies [1][2][3]. However, in cases of waxy plant surfaces, where the plant cuticle is covered by micro/nanoscopic three-dimensional

• [8] tests up to precise measurements of attachment forces with different experimental techniques, such as pulling [9] and centrifugal [10] setups. It has been demonstrated that not only the presence of wax projections on the plant cuticle surface, but also their size, distribution, and density

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• the attachment of the sample to the measuring system. The frequency-dependent measurement was performed at an initial strain of 1% and at an angular frequency of 0.1–100 rad/s at 30 °C. The number of data points collected was 31. Results and Discussion Characterization of GO-VTES XRD Figure 3 shows

• efficiently attached to GO, and the attachment was more efficient in basic conditions rather than acidic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images Figure 8 shows SEM images for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). As can be seen, silica was produced with a size of approx. 50 nm for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). It

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• protection against denaturation factors. Since hydrogen bonds are formed between protein A/G and nylon, it is understandable that a three-dimensional nylon structure, such as the nanofibres, would provide more hydrogen bonds as attachment points than a planar surface, allowing the attached protein to be

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• removed per dissociative ionization incident. On the other hand, in dissociative electron attachment, no chlorine was removed from the parent molecule. Contrary to these observations, FEBID in the UHV setup was found to yield a quantitative loss and desorption of the chlorine from the deposits, an effect

• yielded deposits with high gold content, ranging from 45 to 61 atom % depending on the beam current and on the cleanliness of the substrates surface. Keywords: dissociative electron attachment; dissociative ionization; focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID); gold deposit; low-energy electrons

• , which in turn is critical to the resulting purity of the FEBID deposits. In general, electron-induced fragmentation processes are categorized as dissociative ionization (DI), dissociative electron attachment (DEA), dipolar dissociation (DD), and neutral dissociation (ND) [25]. To fully comprehend the

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• compartments, such as the nucleus, filopodia, and focal adhesions, resulting in the modulation of signal cascades that leads to changes in cell proliferation, attachment, orientation, and differentiation, among others [2]. In nerve tissue engineering, the implant micro- and nanotopography serve as physical

• microenvironment. While several of these focused on stem cell differentiation [9][10], a couple of studies explored their effects on axonal guidance. Lee et al. [11] found that nanorough microridges composed of laser-patterned Al/Al2O3 nanowires increase cell attachment and effectively guide dorsal root ganglia

• present, as in the nanohole array here and in [6], as well as when the neurites can grow on a flat surface with multiple attachment areas, as in the nanopillar array here (neurites growing on the base area) and as opposed to that in our previous study (neurites growing on top of the pillars) [16] and in

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• attachment. The reported data may contribute to a better understanding of the physical chemistry underlying the electron–molecule interactions, which is crucial for potential applications of these molecular systems in the deposition of nanoscale structures. Keywords: dissociative electron attachment; gas

• fragmentation arises from a resonant mechanism known as dissociative electron attachment (DEA) producing exclusively a negative fragment ion and one or more neutral counterparts, as it will be discussed below. The contribution of each of the processes may depend on the nature of the organometallic precursors

• electron energy range investigated in the present work, that is, below 10 eV, DEA, as well as neutral dissociation and dissociative ionization, are the mechanisms responsible for the efficient fragmentation of molecules. In the case of dissociative electron attachment, studied in the present work, the

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• binding Covalent binding of antibodies can be achieved either by adding functional groups on the NP surfaces or by chemical modification of antibodies. Covalent attachment provides high stability, prominent reproducibility, and strong interaction; therefore, changes of pH or ionic strength do not affect

• prevent or minimize the corona formation. Precoating of NPs with specific proteins that increase the adsorption of plasma proteins with intrinsic targeting capacities also improve the targeting ability of the NPs. Moreover, researchers demonstrated that attachment of targeting moieties on the surface of

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• attachment of NHCs to gold and the properties of the corresponding monolayers have been studied using conventional surface science techniques under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions [13][14]. NHC monolayers have also been used in applications such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and surface plasmon

• % nitrogen gas. Electron micrographs were recorded using the SE2 detector of a Zeiss SIGMA VP field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra were obtained for each sample using an Oxford Instruments X-max 50 mm2 EDS attachment. Peaks were identified

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• and can occupy mobile areas, such as the back of the knee, without being disturbed. The strong attachment is possible because the backward-facing teeth lining their proboscis make it extremely difficult to remove, even under dynamic loads. A recent study from Liu et al. demonstrated improved tissue

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)” a study of the development of cuticular ridges on the adaxial leaf surfaces during leaf ontogeny of the tropical Araceae S. calyptrata. The structure of these microscopic ridges helps plants to defend themselves against

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• these tips are also rather soft and flexible, similar to attachment hairs in insects showing high adhesion at the tips [58]; for in-depth reviews, see [59][60][61]. In contrast, the tips of the long setae did not emit blue signals. The simulation presented here takes into account the actual physical

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC-BY-4.0. Local probe chemistry for covalent attachment of C60 fullerene molecule at demonstrated site on three-dimensional graphene nanoribbon. Figure 4 was reproduced from [115] (Copyright © 2020 S. Kawai et al., published by the American

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• fast growth and easy metastasis [28]. After circulating tumor cells are released from the primary tumor site into the bloodstream, they participate in the main metastasis process and tend to form multicellular homoaggregates at major attachment sites [29][30]. The homotypic aggregation of cancer cells

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• active surface area and conductivity of the modified SPCE and also enhanced its electrochemical capacity. The attachment of the thiol group to the probe facilitated covalent attachment with AuNPs, and the carbon spacer arm facilitated protrusion from the electrode surface, which enables proper

• sequences in the online database. The designed probe was modified with a thiol modifier to facilitate covalent attachment with AuNPs on the modified electrode surface, and a six-carbon spacer arm was added to facilitate extrusion from the electrode surface. The designed DNA sequences were synthesised from

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• attachment using BaSO4 as the standard. The electronic arrangement of the studied materials was revealed through a PHI 5000 versa probe III high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (HR-XPS). The mineralization efficiency was estimated through the variation in the total organic carbon content by using

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• Animals attach to surfaces in numerous ways, including claws, suction, and both wet and dry adhesion. In fact, some animals can utilize multiple attachment mechanisms [1][2], leading to multifunctionality across surfaces of varying roughness. Dry adhesion is found in many invertebrates and squamate

• the pad that is seemingly in contact with the surface, are actually engaged with the surface. There could be interactions among setae that preclude their attachment. Damage to some setae may also decrease the efficacy of setal attachment. Future work that visualizes the actual contact across the

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• conductive coatings and regenerated broken tips. The Pt/Ir cantilever was modified with small bundles of SWCNTs by a manual attachment process and fixed using a conductive Pt pad. AFM images of the current and topography of the nanomaterial samples and non-homogeneous polymers were collected using this type

• of tip. The attachment process produces a tip with stability and higher sensitivity during image acquisition. The smaller tip diameter produces a higher peak force, resulting in very sharp images being collected. In general, if good images are to be achieved, it is at the expense of reduced feedback

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• popular for atomic resolution work performed under UHV conditions [12]. In tuning fork AFM, one of the prongs of the tuning fork is fixed to the tip holder, while the other one acts like a macroscopic cantilever. The comparatively large dimensions of the prongs facilitate the attachment of a small but

• as shown in Figure 1. The preparation chamber is equipped with various ports for the attachment of evaporators, a sputter gun, and surface science analytical tools. A rotatable coolable linear manipulator with two sample/cantilever receivers is used to transport sample and cantilever holders to the

• the connectors on the cryostat bottom plate and feedthroughs of the UHV system, low-heat-conductive phosphor bronze wires [41] are used. The wires run down along the LHe tank with several attachment points to further reduce the heat flow from the room-temperature UHV flange connectors to the cryostat

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• bioactive glass has a mechanical tensile strength of 67 MPa. In addition, excellent biomineralisation was observed in SBF which shows the ability of bone mineral formation of chitosan nanocomposites [64]. Chitosan and tetraethoxysilane-based aerogels show cell attachment and proliferation of human

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• increasing magnifications; (c) orange: cuticle, green: cell wall, blue: cytoplasm, (d) orange: epicuticular wax crystals, brown: cuticle. (1) Reduction of arthropod pest attachment, (2) complex functions of trichomes, for example, generation of air turbulences, (3) host-pathogen recognition/signaling for

• cell development, (4) resistance to mechanical stress, (5) control of water loss, (6) control of solute uptake, (7) protection from hazardous radiation, (8) reduction of spore, bacterial, and viral attachment, (9) self-cleaning ability (modified after [9]). Schematic drawing of the device for wax

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• , Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.13.81 Abstract Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning

• including reproduction, growth and settlement, dynamic attachment during locomotion, self-healing, protection against as well as attachment of microbes, and prey hunting [1][2][3][4][5][6]. A variety of different adhesion mechanisms exist to manage the different challenges of interfacial adhesion. In turn

• collagens, laminins, fibronectin, and elastin, which contain several short peptide recognition and binding motifs in their amino acid sequence for interaction with specific cellular surface integrins or other types of receptors [23]. Within the ECM, fibronectin is the best-known attachment site for cells by

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• . macrophylla Jebb and Cheek, N. mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, and N. rafflesiana Jack [16][17]. The waxy (slippery) zone located inside the pitchers is highly specialized for trapping and retaining of insect prey mainly due to contamination of attachment organs of insects [16], reduction of the real contact area

• between the plant surface and insect adhesive devices [16][18], and absorption of the insect adhesive fluid [19]. Whereas the upper wax platelets are rather fragile and can be easily broken into small pieces and removed from the slippery zone thus contaminating insect attachment organs, the pitchers still

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• clusters (PNCs), transition phases, and actual second building units (SBUs) in the prenucleation and growth steps (Figure 1). Transition and attachment of these species are not only controlled by thermodynamics but also strongly depend on kinetics. The decisive factors involve diffusion, local flow, and

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• above. The main reason for using PEN needles was their greater length (4 mm) which prevents early attachment of skin to the base plate, which is a common phenomenon when testing the MNs. The force of insertion is directly proportional to the square of the MN base diameter (Equation 1). Compared to other

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• other substrates (Figure 2b and Figure 2d). Soft substrates appear to give the cells a suitable attachment site, allowing for little movement. Their behaviour exhibited a lower correlation with the cellular substrate. Our study suggests that sclerosis of the extracellular matrix enhances the growth and