The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• backscattered electron detector, the secretory granules could be easily distinguished. The heterogeneous granules exhibited high concentrations of phosphorus (7.3% ± 1.2%), sodium (2.6% ± 0.5%), magnesium (2.4% ± 1.0%), and calcium (0.9% ± 0.3%) (Figure 5A, Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). In contrast

• , the homogeneous granules (Figure 5B) presented much smaller quantities of these elements: 1.7% ± 0.4% for phosphorus, 1.1% ± 0.1% for sodium, 0.6% ± 0.2% for magnesium, and no detectable amounts of calcium (Figure 5B, Table S2). Figure 5C shows two spectra taken at the level of the heterogeneous and

• analysis on six cement spots from natural tubes embedded in epoxy resin (Figure 5D). Our measurements revealed that, in addition to carbon and oxygen, the cement primarily consisted of calcium (15.5% ± 4.5%) and phosphorus (3.7% ± 1.1%). Additionally, we detected smaller amounts of sulfur (0.6% ± 0.1

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• ][22]. Studies on barnacle cement proteins have predominantly focused on acorn barnacles with calcareous (calcium carbonate) bases (e.g., Balanus albicostatus) to date. The goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes is a sessile crustacean with body parts encased in calcified plates and a cuticle-covered

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• , the patent CN367902299 (2022) describes photo-thermally responsive PC-loaded polymeric nanoparticles designed to prevent and/or treat lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting TMEM16A. TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride ion channel that appears to be a suitable biomarker and target for lung cancer

• -molecule drugs, including methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), and divalent cations like calcium (Ca2+). Alginate is a cross-linked polymeric network derived from algae and shows potential for cancer treatment due to its improved bioavailability, sustained release, and environmentally benign

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• with ultrasound (US) exposure. The results showed that the NMs are not cytotoxic at the concentrations tested and the migration ability and calcium deposit formation of the cells treated with the NMs and upon US exposure were significantly increased. These results demonstrate that the hBNs have the

• nucleation of calcium and phosphate ions, imparting stiffness and resistance to bone. Additionally, collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins contribute to bone formation by offering a scaffold for hydroxyapatite deposition [2][3]. Bone tissue consists of four main cell types: bone lining cells

• , while proteoglycans help form the organic matrix [8]. During matrix mineralization, calcium and phosphate ions generate hydroxyapatite crystals within the matrix region. Once bone formation is complete, some osteoblasts become embedded within the matrix, transforming into osteocytes, which leads to

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• (Figure 6) [241]. The presence of two salts and two surfactants ensures the stability of the lyotropic liquid crystal mesophase even at elevated salt concentrations. The calcium and iron salts act as eutectic solvents, facilitating the assembly of surfactants into the lyotropic liquid crystal phase

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• . Keywords: atomic resolution imaging; calcium fluoride surface; interaction force; non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM); tip change; Introduction Non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) [1] is a surface science tool that has been used to atomically resolve surfaces of semiconductor and

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• changes upon dissolution in saline were tested. For the undissolved sample, calcium alginate microcapsules with irregular shapes were registered via scanning electron microscopy, inside which core–shell nanoparticles were identified by transmission electron microscopy micrographs. Magnetic studies (DC and

• completely dissolved sample. Keywords: calcium alginate; dissolution; iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles; magnetic properties; saline; spectroscopy; Introduction Hematinic are substances such as iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid that are essential in the production of blood [1]. Iron deficiency drugs, which

• microcapsules. The resolution of the SEM technique is insufficient to recognize iron sucrose nanoparticles. Therefore, it is impossible to determine whether calcium alginate uniformly covers all iron sucrose nanoparticles or if some nanoparticles are on the microcapsule surface. Furthermore, it remains unclear

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• –124,000, Thermo Scientific Chemicals, USA), GA (50%) (Zhanyun, China), calcium chloride anhydrous (Xilong, China), and zinc sulfate heptahydrate (Xilong, China). All reagents were of analytical grade, and deionized water was used for all experiments. Experimental optimization MODDE 5.0 software was

• their mechanical strength and hydrophobicity. Recent studies have revealed that inorganic salt mixtures, such as zinc chloride and calcium chloride, effectively dissolve cellulose, facilitating the fabrication of cellulose membranes for gas separation and organic pollutant removal [38][39]. Specifically

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• microhardness without compromising biocompatibility [7]. In another work, the formulation of an injectable calcium phosphate cement–chitosan–graphene oxide (GO) composite was found to be effective. This composite fostered the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells [8]. Despite these promising findings

• applications and dentistry. In future work, we will incorporate the FLG–TA composite into various dental biomaterials, such as sealer resins and calcium silicate cements, to improve their mechanical and physicochemical properties. Experimental Reagents and materials Tannic acid (MW = 1701.20 g·mol−1) and

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• the injury and helped increase the production of VEGF, which aids in vasculogenesis. At the same time, the heat produced by NIR-II light activated specific ion channels of the nerve cells. These channels were permeable to calcium, and the influx of this ion triggered the release of important growth

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• internalized, AβOs activate N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) located on neuronal membranes. This activation triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the stimulation of phospholipase C, leading to an influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol [15]. Elevated Ca2+ levels result

• complex, together with the co-activation of the mGluR5 receptor, leads to the activation of intracellular Fyn kinase. This activation causes dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and disruption of synaptic functions. Together, these processes, as depicted in Figure

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• 96-900-0630), or CaCl2O4 (calcium hypochlorite, card 96-220-7380). The low nickel and cobalt contents in the CoNiZImp material (Table 1) may limit the detectability of diffraction peaks associated to cobalt and nickel chloride salts on the zeolite support. The contents of cobalt and nickel and other

• calcium cations leaving the zeolite, as proven by XRD. In line with expectations for a natural zeolite, the studied materials exhibited hybrid type-I/IV adsorption isotherms (see Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1), indicating the presence of both microporous and mesoporous structures. The

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• scaling on steel surfaces. Using silicone nanofilaments, they achieved 75.5% reduction of calcium carbonate deposition on treated steel samples. While many articles concentrated on using natural designs to inspire technological innovation (biology-push), others took an application-driven (technology-pull

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• , A2033), poloxamer 407 (16758), calcium chloride, and mucin from porcine stomach (M1778) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sunflower oil and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) were from TCI Chemicals, USA. For in vitro studies, high-glucose DMEM and Pen-Step solution were purchased from Sartorius

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• . Furthermore, they require only small quantities for utilization [8]. Several types of nanoparticles have been employed as carriers for rhizobacteria inoculants, including silica nanoparticles [9], clay nanoparticles [8], carbon nanoparticles [10], zinc oxide nanoparticles [11], and calcium carbonate

• applications. The nHA carrier is hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) in powder form, comprising the elements calcium, phosphorous, oxygen, and hydrogen. These elements provide nutrients that support the viability of rhizobacteria. Water within the carrier also plays a crucial role in maintaining the viability of

• % similarity to Bacillus altitudinis strain NPB34b. Experimental Nanohydroxyapatite synthesis The synthesis of nHA in this study builds upon previous protocols. Specifically, a mixture containing 2.7925 g of calcium oxide and 3.9663 g of diammonium phosphate (with a Ca/P ratio of 1.67) was dissolved in 100 mL

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• inflammation resolution and tissue repair. In IBD, sustaining the M2 phenotype is particularly challenging because of the pro-ferroptotic microenvironment, which undermines macrophage survival. Zhao et al. addressed this issue by developing calcium carbonate (CaCO3)-mineralized liposomes (CLF) loaded with the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• stability on steel. Our study demonstrates the successful coating of stainless steel with SNFs, achieving super-hydrophobicity and resilience under high shear stress and explosion/decompression tests. Scaling experiments reveal a 75.5% reduction in calcium carbonate deposition on SNF-coated steel surfaces

• : bioinspired materials; calcium carbonate; offshore assets; stainless-steel coating; super-hydrophobicity; Introduction Small animals, such as insects, springtails (Collembola), and other hexapods, have distinctly large surface-to-volume ratios. This characteristic imposes significant challenges in terms of

• test. The water contact angle also remains unchanged after the decompression/explosion test (Figure 5D). Scale reduction on SNF-coated steel surfaces The scaling of SNF samples was tested in a flow loop designed for the observation of calcium carbonate scaling at surfaces. Coated and uncoated steel

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• wash and sterilization in 1% calcium hypochlorite solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), plants were dried to 10% moisture level and ground in a mechanical homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous powder. The method for obtaining T. polium extracts is similar to the extraction method of Ocimum araratum

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• reducing the potential for adverse effects. Factor XII, thrombin, and calcium are critical components of the coagulation cascade, and their removal represents a pathway for lowering thrombus formation due to contact with foreign materials. Each of these components has led to different approaches for the

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• Materials The study utilized reagents and chemicals without additional purification. Glucosamine, gold(III) chloride, calcium acetate hydrate, sodium alginate, sodium tetrahydroborate, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange were procured from Acros Scientific (Belgium). Distilled water was used

• throughout the experimentation. Preparation of nanocomposites The preparation of the blank GluN/Alg nanocomposite involved an ionotropic gelation as outlined in our recent work [25]. In brief, calcium acetate aqueous solution (7.18 mL; 583 mg·mL−1) was gradually mixed with sodium alginate aqueous solution

• and 3.60 keV confirmed the presence of gold and calcium in the sample [36][37]. The identification of calcium reaffirms the formation of cross-links within the nanocomposite. Calculations revealed an average gold fraction of 17.4% (w/w) in the nanocomposite. This high concentration of gold

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• and polymer in the presence of divalent ions such as calcium or zinc. The microemulsion protocol is another technique that can be used to prepare alginate nanoparticles. The hydrogel formation method is yet another method for preparing alginate–polymer nanoparticles [56]. Another method for preparing

• alginate–polymer nanoparticles involves the use of oil-in-water emulsions in polymer and calcium alginate solutions to prepare polymer NPs and calcium alginate NPs separately [57]. Characterization techniques of alginate-based nanoparticles Characterization techniques play a crucial role in analyzing

• alginate–CuO–glucose oxidase-based biosensor for glucose detection, which demonstrated high repeatability and long-term stability. Another research used horseradish peroxidase coated in calcium alginate beads to detect hydrogen peroxide in ambient water samples [127]. Ionotropic alginate hydrogel

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• be achieved by replacing GO with a mixture of nanostructured calcium carbonate and rGO [156] or fluorohydroxyapatite and GO [157]. Guo et al. [158] also proved the ability of GO coatings to prevent the release of Ni(II) ions from a nickel–titanium alloy during corrosion. The authors suggested that

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• /bjnano.15.82 Abstract Electronic and structural properties of calcium clusters with a varying size range of 2–20 atoms are studied using a two-step scheme within the GW and density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The GGA overestimates the binding energies, optimized

• geometries, electron affinities, and ionization potentials reported in the benchmark. The ground-state structure geometry and binding energy were obtained from the DFT for the ground-state structure of each cluster. The binding energy of the neutral clusters of the calcium series follows an increasing trend

• , except for a few stable even and odd clusters. The electronic properties of the calcium cluster were studied with an all-electron FHI-aims code. In the G0W0 calculation, the magic cluster Ca10 has relatively high ionization potential and low electron affinity. The obtained ionization potentials from the

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• of calcium and phosphate and the protection of bone marrow are among the characteristics of bone tissue [9][10]. Bone tissue, which is a special form of connective tissue, consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix; histologically, it can be divided into two bone types, namely, woven bone

• , cancellous bone may support greater mass. Moreover, the metabolic turnover rate of cancellous bone is higher than that of compact bone; therefore, it is more active and has the potential to be rebuilt faster. Also, it acts as a reservoir in regulating the concentration of calcium and other mineral ions in

• -based nanofiber scaffolds for tissue regeneration (Stellenbosch Nanofiber Company, South Africa) [45]. ReBOSSIS consists of β-tricalcium phosphate, PLGA, and silicon-doped calcium carbonate to support bone formation. ReBOSSIS electrospun fibers are distinguished from other market products by a cotton