Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• . The stability of the different gelatin patterns could be controlled by the degree of genipin crosslinking. The gelatin patterns at 20 mM concentration of genipin and 41% crosslinking maintained a stable, patterned shape for at least 14 days in a cell culture medium. A cell morphology study showed that

• , crosslinked with genipin in the range of 1 to 40 mM. Morphology of Saos-2 cells on the different gelatin patterns after 1 h and 7 days of incubation Cell morphology was largely affected by the shape and size of the different gelatin patterns. Our data showing that osteoblastic Saos-2 cells orientate in the

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• natural compounds, such as chitosan and hyaluronic acid, or synthetic agents, such as polyHEMA and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [14][36]. PolyHEMA has been widely used to induce spheroid formation in cancer cells and cells from healthy tissue [37][38]. Notably, the cell morphology and even phenotype changes

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• , ELR membranes with SNA15 epitopes and/or surface topographies have been conducted on the cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and their potential for dental and orthopedic implants integration during the mineralization process. Although the mineralization activity of ELRs

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• microscale features to mimic the endothelium in lineal vessels. Keywords: cell morphology; contact guidance; microgrooves; silicon; human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs); Introduction Micro- and nanostructured materials for medical devices have demonstrated that surface topography as well as surface

• the topography modifies cell tendency to adhere, although these differences were not found to be statistical significant. Cell morphology Cell morphology was defined as the combination of circularity, alignment to the substrate structures and presence of filopodia. Figure 5a–d shows the confocal

• differences in cell morphology were quantified by assessing cell circularity. As revealed in Figure 5f, reduced circularity of the cells cultured on the patterned substrates were observed compared to that on flat substrate. These differences reached a statistical significance (p < 0.05). That is to say, HAECs

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• effect on adhesive ability. Early work by Barnes and co-workers [15] showed that tree frogs display minimum adhesive ability on an intermediate roughness which was larger than their cell morphology but smaller than the pad itself. Torrent frogs can stick well to wet and rough surfaces similar to their

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• attachment of the cells on the chip, as well as LTCC, was monitored by fixing the cells with 4% paraformaldehyde 24 h after inoculation and staining the cells with a DNA binding dye (Hoechst, 33342) and anti-α-tubulin antibody. Based on the cell morphology shown in Figure 5a–f, the cells attached normally

• integration of microfluidics into the package was demonstrated. Normal cell morphology on packaged dummy chips demonstrated the feasibility of using the LTCC package for cell culture; no cytotoxicity was observed. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain sensor measurements in real time. The capacitance varied

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• and their biological responses to micro- and nanostructured surfaces are reviewed. Emphasis is given to studies of cell morphology and motility, cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions, and signal transduction pathways of vascular cells. We finalize with a short outlook on

• cell responses to these topographical stimuli were also presented and discussed. Although many studies, with both cell types (ECs and SMCs), have shown the influence of material, geometry and size of topographical features, on cell morphology, migration, and proliferation, there is not yet a

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• concentration of 10, 50, or 100 µg/mL GaN nanoparticles. The uptake of free GaN nanoparticles was also microscopically visualized (Figure 3) and found to be correlated with increasing concentration of GaN nanoparticles. At higher concentrations, the cell morphology was preserved (Figure 3e–h) as assessed by SEM

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• an energy-dependent process or not, cells were cooled down to 4 °C for a 10 min period prior to incubation with nanoparticles. The incubation was done at the same temperature for 10 min before sample preparation for TEM via HPF. We did not choose longer cooling times as the change of cell morphology

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• cell morphology were detected. Mao et al. [40] discovered that a dose of TiO2 NPs, having no effect on viability in SH-SY5Y cells could cause changes in cell morphology and disruptions to the microtubule structure, both of which are associated with neurotoxicity. In addition, Ben Younes et al. [41

• apoptotic cells. Pretreating PC12 with a ROS scavenger could alleviate these harmful effects induced by TiO2 NPs [51]. In addition, an inhibition in cell proliferation, altered cell morphology (assessed by decreased F-actin), and apoptosis could be induced by TiO2 NPs in C6 and U373 cells. TiO2 NPs were

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• assembly [13]. Thus, it is likely that variations in cell morphology between enterocytes and M cells may lead to differences in their physico-mechanical properties (elasticity, adhesion), which, as a consequence might impact certain cellular processes. Apart from magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC) [14][15

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• nanoparticle type due to the inhibition of ATP utilizing enzymes [59]. A strong cytotoxicity of genistein per se on endothelial cells could be excluded by the intact cell morphology shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1). The incubation of cells with CTAB-modified gold rods and spheres showed a

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• contact assay with the L929 fibroblasts for the periods of 1, 3 and 7 days for the untreated and the plasma treated samples is presented in Figure 5. Particularly, a typical spindle- shape cell morphology is observed in the treated samples, while in the untreated surfaces the cells seem to have maintained

• assay of L929 cells in direct contact with the examined systems after 1, 3 and 7 days, in terms of optical density values as well as the normalized % cell viability, respectively, and (c) optical imaging of the cell morphology in the predetermined time periods for the untreated and the plasma treated

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• related to the cell type and the ability to perform endocytosis [77]. The morphology and viability of the GC–BNNTs-exposed HUVECs cells were also investigated [71]. The cells were incubated at increasing concentrations of GC–BNNTs for 48 and 72 h. The cell morphology and cell viability by amido black

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• . Live cell imaging was performed over the course of an incubation time of three days using optical dark field microscopy in order to evaluate the cell adhesion and spreading by the cell morphology. We observe an influence of the particle coating on the growth behavior with respect to the cytotoxic

Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Katrin Ramaker and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239

• , the transwell filters were embedded in Mowiol-Dabco (10% (w/w) Mowiol 4-88, 25% (w/w) glycerol, 2.5% (w/w) 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5) on object slides. In all binding studies, cell viability was assessed by microscopical inspection of cell morphology after every incubation

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• analyses of histochemical staining, which might explain the differences in the obtained results. In the case of the chondrogenic differentiation, a quantitative analysis of alcian blue staining was not possible due to the 3-dimensional growth of chondrogenic-derived hMSCs. However, cell morphology and

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• MSCs), the uptake of PLLA/magnetite NPs in the cells does not lead to any morphological changes of the cells over the whole observation period. Cell morphology is not affected by the incubation. Generally, the particles were located inside the cells. After 24 h (Figure 2A), the PLLA nanoparticles were

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• synaptic activity observed by Lovat et al. [118], though no remarkable differences in cell morphology or neuronal density were found, suggesting that the reason for the enhanced network activity might have resulted from tighter connections between the neuronal membranes and the conductive CNT-substrates

• equivalent, as the input resistance, the membrane capacitance and the resting membrane potential) were comparable to the control conditions [118][119][121][122] (Figure 3d). Ultimately, the increase in spontaneous activity, exhibited by neurons in the presence of CNTs, was not a result of an altered cell

• morphology. Cellot and colleagues [121] also focused their efforts on the occurrence of an electrical coupling between CNTs and cell membranes. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, they showed that CNTs strongly impacted the electrical regenerative properties of neuronal membranes upon inducing depolarising

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• in the cell morphology (48 h; Figure 2), direct interactions of the internalized nanoparticles with specific molecules during intracellular processing and degradation are quite possible, particularly because of the peri-nuclear localization in the cytoplasm, which might correspond to the endoplasmic

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• . Inhibitors of clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis and phagocytosis were tested for their optimal concentration, exposure time and cell impairment in both cell types (Table 1 and Figure 3). The cell morphology was assessed by LSM (Figure 3) and the cytotoxicity by lactate

• transferrin by J774A.1 cells could not be prevented by cytochalasin D (data not shown). In A549 cells, cytochalasin D impaired the cell morphology at all tested concentrations from 5 µM to 10 µM. A lower concentration of 3 µM did not inhibit particle uptake (data not shown). It is important to mention that

• for both cell types. Conditions were chosen such that the uptake of the relevant control substance was completely inhibited and no impaired cell morphology was observed. Both cell lines were exposed to either 1 µm PS particles or 40 nm PS NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL for 1 hour either after

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• . Comprehensive experimental approaches, such as quantifying cellular metabolic activity, microscopic observation of cell morphology, and high-throughput cell analysis revealed a dose- and time-dependent toxicity primarily upon exposure with ASP30 (Ø = 30 nm). Albeit smaller (ASP20, Ø = 20 nm) or larger particles

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• (diameter 100 nm; coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone: PVP). Ag NPs were found to be highly aggregated within ALI exposed cells with no impairment of cell morphology. Furthermore, a significant increase in release of cytotoxic (LDH), oxidative stress (SOD-1, HMOX-1) or pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-8

• , resulting in increased surface concentrations of 1.7, 3.4, and 5.1 µg Ag/cm2. Therefore, the two exposure scenarios could be compared due to similar mass deposition on the lung cells surface. Cell morphology and particle uptake The cell morphology was studied with laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (Figure 2

• since similar concentrations of both materials were used a material-dependent aggregation can be assumed. No alteration of the cell morphology was observed in all studies. Furthermore, most of the NP exposures (i.e., independent of material, size, coating and concentration) were found to cause no

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• strongly supports the usefulness of cell deformability in detecting cancer-related changes in bladder cancer. Such a relation has not been observed so far for any other cells measured by AFM in which usually a gradual drop of stiffness was observed. Results Cell morphology Force spectroscopy experiments

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• interested in the long term toxicity without activating the prodrug and changing cell morphology after loading. We have found that these nanoparticles showed no further toxicity even after five days (Figure 5). The successful loading of MNP-SN38 was confirmed by Prussian blue staining [53]. Nanoparticle