Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• microemulsion methods. Cerium–fluoride-doped terbium(III) NPs represented the luminescent part and Fe3O4 NPs were used as magnetic core. Both these nanostructures were trapped inside a silica shell, which acted as inert oxide. The synthesis involved simultaneous addition of luminescent NPs (CeF3:Tb3+) and

Biological responses to nanoscale particles

• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 380–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.37

• used in this study were those of current, wide-spread technological importance, such as metals (e.g., silver, gold, platinum), oxides (e.g., silica, iron oxide, cerium oxide, manganese oxide), polymers (e.g., polystyrene) and quantum dots (II/VI semiconductors). Naturally occurring and industrially

Synthesis, characterization, monolayer assembly and 2D lanthanide coordination of a linear terphenyl-di(propiolonitrile) linker on Ag(111)

• Zhi Chen,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• José I. Urgel,
• David Écija,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Willi Auwärter,
• Johannes V. Barth and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 327–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.31

• strongly from previous reports on 2D surface coordination of the related ligand terphenyl-4,4"-dicarbonitrile (1) linker by cerium or gadolinium atoms [20][21][42]. This indicates that the preference for the formation of extended metal–organic networks is not primarily a consequence of the geometrical

Morphology, structural properties and reducibility of size-selected CeO_2−x nanoparticle films

• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Sergio D’Addato,
• Gabriele Gasperi,
• Francesco Benedetti,
• Paola Luches,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Giovanni Bertoni and
• Sergio Valeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 60–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.7

• : CeO2 ultra-thin films; ceria nanoparticles; magnetron sputtering; reduction and oxidation; size-dependent properties; size-selected nanoparticles; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Introduction The main property of cerium oxide that attracts scientific attention is its ability to store and release

• oxygen depending on the ambient conditions [1]. In particular, ceria in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) is important in industrial catalysis [2] and in biomedical applications to prevent the oxidation of human cells [3]. Doped cerium oxide films are also promising candidates as electrolytes in solid

• the increase of electron density in delocalized mixed cerium and oxygen orbitals, rather than on localized surface reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ ionic species [15]. In this work we present the results of the study of CeO2−x NPs produced by combining magnetron sputtering with a gas aggregation source. We

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• synthesis of ceria NP [38][39][40][41] and found the procedure with air oxidation of cerium(III) nitrate in ethanol/water mixtures in the presence of ammonia very convenient [42][43]. At 60–70 °C (open flask) one obtains small crystalline NP in ethanol/water 4:1 as solvent of almost spherical shape (average

• stabilize the NP with surfactants like IGEPAL CO-520 but with no appreciable success. The only efficient approach up to now to controlled agglomeration of ceria NP is their synthesis from cerium(III) nitrate in ethanol/water mixtures in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), at temperatures exceeding

• ). Detailed synthetic procedures will be described elsewhere. The decorated ceria NP were analyzed by TEM and EDX for size and noble metal distribution. A typical result for controlled agglomerates is shown in Figure 7. The STEM picture (left) shows platinum as dark spots while cerium as the bulk material has

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• Medicine and Allergy/Immunology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.190 Abstract Cerium dioxide (CeO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles are of widespread use in modern life. This means that human beings are

• nanoparticles: 100 µg/mL; SiO2 nanoparticles: 10 µg/mL). Keywords: cerium dioxide; endothelial cells; nanoparticle; nanotoxicology; silicon dioxide; Introduction Nowadays, a large variety of nanoparticles are being produced for different applications. These include the industrially and environmentally highly

• relevant cerium dioxide (CeO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. CeO2, a rare-earth lanthanide element oxide, is mainly used in slurries for silicon wafer planarization [1][2], as automotive fuel additives to improve the efficiency of combustion [3][4], and as automobile catalytic converters [5

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• compared to cells with untreated anodes and anodes with ceria coatings deposited after the sulfonate pretreatment. Possible explanations for the effects of the treatments on the structure of the coatings, and for the effects of the coatings on the performance of the cells, are discussed. Keywords: cerium

• porous anode structure, can lead to the reduction or elimination of sulfur poisoning. The procedures used by other groups to infiltrate ceria into SOFC anodes usually involve immersing the anodes into a precursor solution, e.g., of cerium nitrate [16][18][22][23][24] or through a sol–gel route [25

• without GDC interlayers. The as-received anodes (i.e., before reduction of NiO to Ni) (Figure 5a) had a Ni:Ce atomic ratio of 3.47 (22.4 atom % Ce) (Table 1), in excellent agreement with the value of 3.43 computed from their nominal composition. (All reported Ni:Ce ratios and cerium concentrations were

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• exposures are less expensive, easier and quicker to perform than animal studies. In previous studies we have employed ALI exposures to investigate the toxic potential of various materials such as diesel car and scooter exhaust gases [58][59], zinc oxide [41], cerium oxide [60], gold (Au) [42] and silver [44

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• distribution of the oxides CeO2 and ZrO2 on the surface of the silica tubes. An element mapping analysis of the resulting mixed oxide tubes (Ce, Zr, and O) shows that oxygen is evenly distributed throughout the whole sample as would be expected from an all oxidic material. The majority of the cerium and

• has been assumed by HSEM and in HRTEM. Moreover, the intensity of cerium compared to zirconium in the elemental EDX scan is significantly lower, which reflects the phase composition as found by PXRD and Raman spectroscopy. Conclusion A template-directed synthesis was employed for the synthesis of

• sols on the surface of PS/silica templates was achieved by spraying a sol solution containing ceria and zirconia sol precursors. Calcination removes the PS template and converts the dense fibers into a tube morphology. EFTEM investigations have proven the elemental distribution of cerium and zirconium

Photocatalysis

• Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1071–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.119

• bismuth vanadium oxide cluster exemplifies these characteristics. Besides solar fuel production, photocatalysis has a long history in water treatment. In this Thematic Series, there is also a report on the latest development in the utilization of mesoporous cerium oxide for visible light-driven dye

Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster

• Johannes Tucher and
• Carsten Streb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 711–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.83

• with single vanadium centres so as to increase their visible-light photoactivity for selective oxidations of alcohols to aldehydes [5][6][31]. Further, we have recently shown that chiral, visible-light driven photooxidation catalysts are accessible in cerium-functionalized vanadate clusters [32]. In

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• , Singapore 138632 Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore 637141 Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602 10.3762/bjnano.5.60 Abstract A facile, solvothermal synthesis of mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres is

• reported for the purpose of the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and future applications in sustainable energy research. The earth-abundant, relatively affordable, mixed valence cerium oxide sample, which consists of predominantly Ce7O12, has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray

• photoelectron and UV–vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Together with N2 sorption experiments, the data confirms that the new cerium oxide material is mesoporous and absorbs visible light. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamin B is investigated with a series of radical scavengers

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• and characterization of hierarchical microsized nanocrystalline ceria fibre mats Formation of ceria tubes without surfactant Ceria tubes were prepared by an exotemplating technique. After controlled ageing of a sol-precursor solution prepared from cerium ammonium nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 in water and

• (5 mL) with tip dimensions of 0.8 × 40 mm at an electrode distance of 20 cm and 26 kV for 12 h. After 12 h, a dense web of PMMA fibres was collected on the copper counter electrode (15 × 15 cm2). Preparation of ceria nanotubes 1.37 g (2.5 mmol) cerium ammonium nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (Alfa Aesar, 98.0

• +%) was dissolved in 40 mL distilled water. 0.65 mL aqueous 25 wt % ammonia solution (Merck) was added and the solution was vigorously stirred for half an hour. 1 g Pluronic P123® (Sigma Aldrich) was added and dissolved at 50 °C. The sol was used immediately. The as-prepared cerium-containing sol was

Ceria/silicon carbide core–shell materials prepared by miniemulsion technique

• Lars Borchardt,
• Martin Oschatz,
• Robert Frind,
• Emanuel Kockrick,
• Martin R. Lohe,
• Christoph P. Hauser,
• Clemens K. Weiss,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 638–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.67

• . Furthermore, first catalytic tests were carried out by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) of methane, and the activity of this material in lowering the onset temperature of methane combustion by 262 K was documented. Keywords: ceria; cerium dioxide; core shell; miniemulsion; oxycarbide; silicon carbide

• confirms the presence of cerium (1.5 wt % Ce). Furthermore the catalytic tests, shown in the next chapter, prove the presence of ceria. The core–shell structure could be seen more clearly when CeO2/Si(O)C particles that were synthesized by an impregnation approach were considered. From the scanning

• electron micrographs an average shell thickness of approximately 60 nm was obtained. Figure 4C illustrates the formation of these ceria shells on silicon carbide spheres. The cerium loading of these materials was increased up to 4 wt % Ce. Element mapping with EDX was used in order to verify the core–shell