Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• . PES [37][38][39] is based on the photoelectric effect and provides insight into the valence-band electronic density of states as well as the binding energy and line shape of core levels, which give information about the composition of the sample and the chemical state (e.g., valency) of the atoms or

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• can be used for depositing PANI and for effectively controlling the chemical state of PANI. Keywords: conducting polymers; emeraldine oxidation state; oxidative chemical vapor deposition; polyaniline; thin film processing; Introduction Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted considerable attention

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• oriented tangentially to the Ni catalyst cluster. Figure 3d demonstrates low-magnification image of several synthesized nanotubes. Chemical state of catalyst. The chemical state of catalyst during the nanotube growth was actively debated. The following three main questions were discussed. (i) Whether

• investigation of the chemical state of nickel catalyst during the growth of carbon filaments and nanotubes. The formation of intermediate carbide phases was revealed for nickel catalysts, as in the aforementioned cases of iron catalysts. Buyanov and Chesnokov reported that the above-described carbide cycle

• temperature [145]. The inner tubes grow fast with increasing temperature from 400 to 700 °C [145]. The evolution of the chemical state of the encapsulated compounds at every annealing step was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Figure 9a presents the Ni 2p spectra of the NiCp2-filled SWCNTs and

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• present work, we demonstrate functionalisation of single-layer CVD graphene with a few layers of laser deposited V2O5. The amount and chemical state of vanadium oxide on graphene was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. The impact of the PLD process on graphene defect

Impact of air exposure and annealing on the chemical and electronic properties of the surface of SnO₂ nanolayers deposited by rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation

• Monika Kwoka and
• Maciej Krzywiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.55

• is shown in Figure 4a. The main kinetic energy peaks were from the M4N45N45 and M5N45N45 transitions and their fine structure was due to the different two-hole final states [30]. The separation of the two main peaks corresponded to the 3d spin–orbit splitting measured in XPS. The chemical state of

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• /mixture of TiO2 and voids) was used for modelling and fitting both thickness and refractive index using the standard three-angle data sets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for investigating the chemical state and elemental composition of the NP-based films after different treatments. XPS

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• decomposed. Survey spectra (Figure 7) show that, consistent with a loss of the oxalate linker, the O 1s and C 1s signals in fact decrease strongly upon electron exposure. Furthermore the copper signals reveal a change in chemical state. High resolution spectra of the element-specific spectral ranges were

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• [22][31]. Prior to in situ characterization, the films were reduced by exposure to a hydrogen plasma. The composition and the chemical state of the FePt NPs and films were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using Al Kα radiation directly after reduction in hydrogen plasma and after

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• concentration, see Figure 6b. Since LIBS utilizes the light from a micro-plasma generated by a laser beam on the sample’s surface, all information about the chemical state (oxidation state, neighborhood) in the sample (biomass) is lost, only the presence of specific elements can be proven. The amount of gold

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• phase composition, the morphology, the content of nitrogen, the chemical state of the nitrogen, the specific surface area and the presence of Ti3+. The photocatalytic performances of the prepared TiO2 NRs were evaluated by monitoring the oxidation of isopropanol to acetone in a solid gas reactor

• , CH-N) compared with 10 h (CH-W) in deionized water. Determination of the nitrogen content An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study was conducted to determine the nitrogen content and to investigate its chemical state in the N-doped TiO2 NRs. The results are shown in Table 2. As expected, the

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• wettability of the surface, yielding enhanced osteoblast differentiation [19]. The success of these modifications is highly dependent on the chemical state, reactivity and surface concentration of the hydroxy groups, as well as the presence of contaminants [12]. Therefore, one of the main objectives of this

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is useful for analyzing the chemical state of the films. The composition of the films can be studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), whereas the presence of a metal can be verified by X-ray fluorescence

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• Varian Cary 50 spectrometer. The chemical state of each element in the samples was determined using Kratos Axis ULTRA X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). Results and Discussion Synthesis of CZTS nanocrystals The XRD pattern of the CZTS nanocrystals prepared at 240 °C for 24 h using 18 μL of TGA in

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• , infrared and photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Results: The chemical state of the nanowires is typical of the Fe2O3 phase and the stoichiometry changes towards a Fe3O4 phase by annealing above 440 K. The shape and morphology of the nanowires is not modified by moderate thermal treatment, as imaged

• +) with a high chemical stability, while the mixed chemical state of Fe3O4 (Fe2+/3+) might induce instabilities during its use as electrode material. In the present work, we present a spectroscopic and morphologic characterization of Fe2O3 nanowires (NWs), which were produced by means of a hard template

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. For these oxide-supported Au catalysts, various parameters, such as the gold particle size, the chemical state of the gold nanoparticles or the nature and morphology of the support material have been shown to influence the catalytic activity [19][21]. Especially the

• (Ag)-2 and NPG(Ag)-4 samples, with contributions of 11% and 12% from Au3+ species, respectively. In contrast, no oxidic species were detected on the NPG(Ag)-1 sample. The Ag(3d) XP spectra were also recorded to check the existence of residual Ag and its chemical state. As shown in Figure 3b, the as

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• transmission electron microscopy images and XRD results characterizing the structure and morphology of these films and the distribution and particle size of the Au nanoparticles. The chemical state of the materials was characterized by XPS, and finally the catalytic activity of these model systems was

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• ) the structure of the particles and (ii) to the chemical state. Advanced analytical tools such as aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and related techniques as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) give important additional information on the atomic

• with literature data the main peak can be assigned to the Fe3+ oxidation state [69]. Interestingly, Pt-4f levels reveal no significant indication of oxide formation, proving the chemical state of the Pt atoms remains practically unchanged during oxidation of the FePt particles. This finding is

• magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) which provides information on (i) the chemical state of sample, (ii) element-specific magnetic moments and (iii) element-specific hysteresis loops. The results presented below were measured at beamline PM-3 of the BESSY II synchrotron facility in Berlin, Germany. The