Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• addition, chitosan (Figure 1c) was used to coat the surface of the 6OCaproβCD nanoparticles. Chitosan-coated 6OCaproβCD nanoparticles (CS-6OCaproβCD) were also prepared and characterized. It was aimed to increase the efficacy of PCX (Figure 1d) as a model drug. All blank amphiphilic CD nanoparticles were

• nanoparticles, and acetone > methanol > ethanol for PC βCDC6 nanoparticles. It is worth noting that ethanol also gave the most monodisperse particles with an acceptable polydispersity index (<0.2) (Table 1). As expected, the core–shell nanoparticles CS-6OCaproβCD had the largest size due to the chitosan coating

• on the surface of nanoparticles. This drug on the surface of the nanoparticles changes the particle size. For CS-coated nanoparticles, the drug and cyclodextrin were dissolved in the organic phase and then added to the CS-containing water. The presence of chitosan in the aqueous phase may cause a

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• treat brain tumors and prevent tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop core–shell polymeric nanoparticles with positive charge by employing a chitosan coating. Additionally, an implantable formulation for the chemotherapeutic nanoparticles was developed as a bioadhesive film to be applied

• at the tumor site following surgical operation for brain glioma treatment. To obtain positively charged, implantable nanoparticles, the effects of preparation technique, chitosan coating concentration and presence of surfactants were evaluated to obtain optimal nanoparticles with a diameter of less

• nanoparticles were in the range of 70–270 nm, depending on the preparation technique, polymer type and coating. Moreover, the chitosan coating significantly altered the surface charge of the nanoparticles to net positive values of +30 to +50 mV. The model drug docetaxel was successfully loaded into all

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• cells, rather than Caco-2 barriers, interestingly, there are suggestions that the response is different in overnight cultures and cells grown for 10 days [25]. Uptake into Caco-2 cells has been reported for silica [23][24][26][28], polystyrene [29], chitosan [30], poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) [31][32

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• , which can be considered for differentiating TMC from chitosan. The second spectrum is obtained from naked Fe3O4 NPs and included a strong peak at about 585 cm−1, which correlates to Fe–O. This peak can be also observed in FTIR spectra obtained from TMC@Fe3O4, and gold@TMC@Fe3O4 NPs (curve c and d

• , ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), and acetic acid were obtained from Acros Organics (USA). Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), BSA, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), low molecular weight chitosan, dialysis tube with molecular cut off 12000 Da, sodium azide, KCl, 1

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• mechanism of action. However, application of MIF is limited by its poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. In this work, we developed a drug delivery system based on chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) to improve its bioavailability and anticancer activity. The MIF-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MCNs

• ) were prepared by convenient ionic gelation techniques between chitosan (Cs) and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The preparation conditions, including Cs concentration, TPP concentration, Cs/MIF mass ratio, and pH value of the TPP solution, were optimized to gain better encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug

• curve from 0 to 24 h compared with free MIF. These results demonstrated that MCNs could be developed as a potential delivery system for MIF to improve its anticancer activity and bioavailability. Keywords: anticancer; chitosan; drug delivery; mifepristone; nanoparticles; pharmacokinetics; sustained

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• atrazine from water [10]. Kampalanonwat and Supaphol and also Neghlani et al. used aminated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers to remove heavy metals from water and achieved up to 150 mg/g adsorption capacity for copper [11][12]. Haider and Park fabricated chitosan nanofibers to take advantage of its

• affinity towards metallic ions, such as copper and lead [13]. In a similar study, Aliabadi et al. used PEO/Chitosan for NFM fabrication to remove nickel, cadmium, lead and copper from aqueous solutions and reported no considerable change in the adsorption capacity after five cycles [14]. Also, there are

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• , 41400, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.7.112 Abstract This paper describes the synthesis and application of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticulate systems loaded with isoniazid (INH) and isoconazole nitrate (ISN) as antimycobacterial compounds. Preparation and morphology of the obtained

• density distribution. It has been detected that alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin microparticulate systems loaded with INH and ISN are as effective as pure INH applied in higher dosages. Keywords: chitosan; β-cyclodextrin; density functional theory (DFT); isoconazole; isoniazid; molecular docking

• active site of InhA and isoconazole in order to discuss these interactions with the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis of the electron density distribution. The main carriers used in our particles are β-cyclodextrin, sodium alginate, and chitosan. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• optimal test conditions of GA were carefully investigated on a sensor based on chitosan/fFe2O3/reduced graphene oxide/GCE. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit was estimated to be 1.5 × 10−7 M [4]. An electrochemical sensor coupled with an effective flow-injection amperometric system was

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• synthesis of metallic NPs, using biopolymers such as chitosan can eliminate the need to use capping agents [56][86][99]. Catalysis: Selecting proper catalytic reactions can enhance the overall efficiency of the process by decreasing the activation energy and increasing product selectivity. These advantages

• nanomaterials, since it offers rapid and uniform heating of the constituents [112]. Green reagents Saccharides Potara et al. found that chitosan (CTS) is not only capable of reducing and stabilizing, but it can aksi act as a scaffold for the formation of Au NPs. Their results indicated that the formation, size

• 55 °C. According to TEM images, the sizes of Au NPs were 10–50 nm. During the synthesis, they observed a decreasing trend in intrinsic viscosity [η] of chitosan that implied degradation of chitosan chains due to the reaction with HAuCl4 [140]. Also, several researchers worked on derivatives of CTS

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• through a ethylenediamine spacer was prepared by Fan et al. and used as an efficient electron transfer (ET) shuttle to build a sensor for H2O2 [16]. Also, a nanocomposite formed with ferrocene-branched silica material reduced graphene oxide and glucose oxidase entrapped in chitosan matrix and was used for

• biosensor was prepared by simply drop-casting a mixture of the HRP enzyme solution and chitosan as displayed in Figure 1. The chitosan was used as a matrix to retain the enzyme on the nanostructured surface [39]. The stepwise preparation was also characterized using CV and EIS spectroscopy. CV showed an

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• synthesize and optimize a combined nanocomposite containing both. By using various polymers such as chitosan, some of the problems of classic core–shell structures (such as reduced saturation magnetization and thick coating) have been overcome. In the present study, chitosan and one of its well-known

• derivatives, N-trimethylchitosan (TMC), were applied to construct three-layer nanocomposites in an Au/polymer/Fe3O4 system. It was demonstrated that replacement of chitosan with TMC reasonably improved the properties of the final nanocomposites including their size, magnetic behavior and thermal stability

• various fields of application, especially the biomedical sciences and biosensors. Keywords: Au/polymer/Fe3O4 nanocomposites; Au nanoparticles; cell viability; magnetic nanoparticles; N-trimethyl chitosan; Introduction Nanotechnology is the science of the fabrication of novel materials, devices and

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• ]. Chitosan/alginate, multilayered, 3D networks prepared by the layer-by-layer method enabled encapsulation of bone marrow stromal cells on the surface of dental or joint implants [18]. Polyelectrolyte (chitosan, poly(L-glutamic acid), and poly-L-lysine) coatings increased the surface ionic nature and

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• by hydrolyzing them with TEOS, followed by APTES and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMSC) coating. Finally, the nanocomposites were made fluorescent by FITC labeling. In a second approach, the γ-Fe2O3 NPs were modified through a CMSC coupling reaction. The characterization of the prepared hybrid

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• the biological context [33]. In this overview, we introduce and compare different imaging techniques for localizing inorganic NP like silica and iron oxide NP as well as organic NP such as polymer dendritic polyglycerol sulfates (dPGS) and chitosan NP. Importantly, all techniques described can be used

• quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (dGCPQ) nanoparticles in fish and mice, respectively [127][138]. Raman microscopy provides a valuable tool for future applications in toxicopathological evaluation of NP due to the independence of additional labels, the ease of quantification of NP and the wide

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• isothiocyanate (FITC). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with this complex. It was found that the coated BNNTs had specific molecular recognition capability [70]. Glycol chitosan (GC) is widely used due to its biocompatibility and good solubility over a broad pH range [71]. The BNNTs were coated

• reduced proliferation at hours 48 and 72. Similar to the results reported by Ciofani et al., the GC–BNNTs were nontoxic at low concentrations [71]. The toxicity of glucosamine (GA)-, poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000)- and chitosan (CH)-coated BNNTs using MRC-5 cells was studied [78]. The study found

• tissues. After 4 h, radiolabeled BNNTs were found in the bladder. They were eliminated from body by renal excretion and the BNNTs conjugated with chitosan were degraded through enzymatic degradation. After 24 h, there was a reduction of radiation in the related organs (Figure 6). These promising results

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• polyaminosaccharide chitosan, are probably the most commonly used scaffolds for the preparation of bipolymer/inorganic composites, very especially for biomedical applications. Aimé and Coradin have reviewed the topic in a recent publication [3]. By mixing colloidal inorganic particles formed ex situ with a biopolymer

• sol, followed by a gelation process, porous hybrid structures can be obtained. Starting from a colloidal suspension of laponite particles, Shi et al. [4] reported the preparation of a nanocomposite matrix of chitosan and clay that was applied as a glucose biosensor. Very recently, da Costa Neto et al

• . [5] prepared chitosan/silica composite microspheres by mixing an aqueous solution of the biopolymer with commercial nanosized silica particles. The obtained microparticles were dried afterwards. In further examples, chitosan matrices have also been used to immobilize CdSe quantum dots [6] and γ-Fe2O3

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• composites have been reported (Scheme 9). In one study, composites consisting of CNOs and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) or chitosan (Chit) were prepared and their electrochemical properties were studied [43]. In another study, CNO–PDDA composite films were used for the detection of dopamine

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• transition is delayed with respect to OCP grown in the absence of the carbohydrate matrix. One of the issues of chitin, however, is again its limited solubility in most mineralization media. This limits the processing and mineralization efficiencies. Chitosan, which exhibits a higher water solubility than

• chitin, has therefore been used as an alternative scaffold for calcium phosphate mineralization [16][17]. Among others, chitosan/HAP scaffolds show good osteoconductivity and biodegradability, as has been shown for some synthetic composites in rats [18]. Chiono et al. developed a photochemical approach

• towards the triggered nucleation of calcium phosphate on chitosan cast films [19]. Mineralization is induced by photoexcitation of fluorescein molecules grafted to the chitosan films. The authors claim that the formation of local positive charges by electron transfer from the fluorophore to reactive

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• general approach for creating novel catecholaminergic derivatives of biopolymers such as alginate, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, dextran, and other synthetic or proteineous materials for a variety of applications. Quinone, an oxidized form of catechol, is reactive to nucleophiles such as hydroxyl, amine, and

Antimicrobial nanospheres thin coatings prepared by advanced pulsed laser technique

• Alina Maria Holban,
• Valentina Grumezescu,
• Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu,
• Bogdan Ştefan Vasile,
• Roxana Truşcă,
• Rodica Cristescu,
• Gabriel Socol and
• Florin Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 872–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.99

• -chitosan-magnetite-eugenol (PLA-CS-Fe3O4@EUG) nanospheres by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation proved that the homogenous Fe3O4@EUG nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 7 nm, while the PLA

• ) bacteria strains. Moreover, the obtained nano-coatings showed a good biocompatibility and facilitated the normal development of human endothelial cells. These nanosystems may be used as efficient alternatives in treating and preventing bacterial infections. Keywords: antimicrobial; chitosan; magnetite

• Polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), eugenol (EUG), FeCl3, FeSO4·7H2O, NH4OH (25%), chloroform and n-hexane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Preparation of magnetite nanostructures A well-known procedure described in our previous work was used to synthesize the magnetite

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• culture model, noting increased apoptosis, decreased cell numbers and decreased implantation rates [37]. So far, AuNP have only been investigated once in a murine in vitro embryo culture model for their influence on blastocyst development [38]. In this study on chitosan nanoparticles morulae were co

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• influence of certain such compounds as chitosan [14] or cisplatin [20] on the mechanics of single cells, while pointing out that studies on the correlation between the mechanical properties and the structure of the actin cytoskeleton are particularly important for developing and monitoring cancer therapies

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• described which act simultaneously as reducing and stabilization agent in aqueous medium. Typical examples are polyacrylamide, poly(sodium acrylate), polyethylene glycol, chitosan or soluble starch [11][17][18][19]. However, up to now polymers bearing CD attached have not been used for the preparation of

Growth behaviour and mechanical properties of PLL/HA multilayer films studied by AFM

• Cagri Üzüm,
• Johannes Hellwig,
• Narayanan Madaboosi,
• Dmitry Volodkin and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.87

• ]. Engler et al. reported a similar spreading behaviour for smooth-muscle cells [3]. An enhanced cell growth was observed also for cross-linked chitosan/hyaluronan multilayer films, as compared to the native ones [8]. These reports suggest that polyelectrolyte multilayer films are ideal matrices for bio