Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• remain unrealized, despite over decades of excellent discoveries. This perspective calls for carefully considerations linked to productivity perception, true funding utility, and foundational reform to unlock nanotechnology’s full promise across sectors. Keywords: commercialization; nanomaterials

• innovative applications (Table 1). Nevertheless, in the face of such massive research efforts and innovation, widespread application and commercialization of these advanced materials remain limited [16]. The use of nanomaterials is largely confined to selected new technologies and niche innovations, with

• commercialization of these advancements. As a result, only a few companies are currently utilizing the potential of nanomaterials by training their workforce accordingly (Table 1). To overcome this gap, we need globally structured and domain-specific educational programs in nanoengineering, starting from secondary

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• recent years due to their unique characteristics and size. Manufacturing steps, cost, and other shortcomings limit the widespread use and commercialization of nanoscale electrodes. In this work, a nano-size electrode fabricated by directed electrochemical nanowire assembly and parylene-C insulation is

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• nanocarriers, facilitating industrial manufacturing. Hydrogels, used in dermatological treatment such as wound healing films, advance the commercialization of hydrogel-based medicines. Nanogels, aiding targeted delivery, enhance the efficacy of skin cancer therapy. Their biocompatibility and ability to mimic

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• provides an abundant and low-cost source of raw materials and mitigates environmental issues linked to the burning or improper handling of agricultural by-products. Notably, PGC also shows strong potential for commercialization as an efficient water treatment solution. Nonetheless, the presence of humic

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• hemostasis and infection control in wound healing [111]. Silk as a cost-effective natural material in its raw form simplifies the commercialization of Bombyx mori SF products. The FDA has granted 510k clearance for the use of SERI® (surgical scaffold) and regenerated silk-based scaffolds [112]. Aside from

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• corner-sharing BO6 and B′O6 units featuring a rock salt-like arrangement [10][11]. The commercialization of PSCs is impeded because of toxicity and long-term instability. DPSCs turned out to be better than PSCs because of better tunability, higher environmental stability, and higher efficiency. In DPSCs

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• leakage [92]. However, liposomes are still considered one of the most prominent DDS classes and have seen significant commercialization with twenty-one approved products [93]. While liposomal formulations have been on the market for some time, no liposomal product for CNS diseases exists. Even though they

• ongoing clinical trials [165]. However, more research is still needed regarding clinical studies and the commercialization of these strategies. Therefore, commercialization and scale-up should be the next steps in the future of N2B delivery research. Structure of the blood–brain barrier. The endothelial

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• pollution [32]. Among the advantages of using this organism are growth and rapid reproductive cycle, translucent body, well-known genome, and availability of commercialization of different genetically modified strains [33]. Recent studies of our research group showed that GO presents lethal toxic effects to

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• evaluation of the biocompatibility in human cells is an important step in the development and commercialization of any drug [46]. Here, the toxicity of the terpene-based formulations was evaluated in the HaCAT cell line (Table 6). The results show that the IC50 values of the free terpenes were lower those of

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous). Therefore, drug dosage forms with these characteristics may present compliance issues and problems with commercialization. Thus, an interesting pathway could be testing the same nanoformulations but using the oral route. After antimonials such as tartar emetic, oxamniquine was

• invasive [93]. Consequently, releasing a new alternative to PZQ via a different route may not be the most advisable option, as it may not be well-received by patients, leading to potential commercialization challenges associated with a less familiar or less convenient delivery method. Effectiveness tests

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• similar aspect ratios. A typical microneedle is either conical or pyramidal with a base of 100–300 μm, heights ranging from 600 to 1000 μm, and a base-to-base spacing between 100 and 500 μm (Figure 1). These simple geometries are advantageous for commercialization because the molds can be micromachined or

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• production of liquid sensors, besides the constant need for sensor recalibration, has hindered broader commercialization of such devices [13][20]. A wide variety of materials have been explored for liquid sensing. For instance, electrically conductive polymer composites (CPCs), which are generally composed

• ) was performed in different devices and on flexible and rigid substrates, providing a step forward towards scale-up and commercialization of the technology. Experimental Materials and apparatus Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with a nominal fiber width of 50 nm and several hundred micrometers of

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• environments and for its commercialization (Figure 1). We realize that an integrated strategy such as the above would be very costly to implement and would also require time to execute. Furthermore, it would still need to be followed by a broad dissemination and commercialization effort and would require

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions [2]. The commercialization of lithium-ion cells was achieved in the early 1990s by Sony Corporation and in 1992 by a joint venture company (Asahi Kasai and Toshiba) [2][3][4]. Almost 90% of commercial Li-ion batteries consist of a lithium cobalt oxide

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• reproducibility in real samples is always challenging compared to those of laboratory results in PB. Hence, it is still one of the potential barriers to the commercialization of electrochemical biosensors. From that standpoint, there is still room for advancement to reduce the drawbacks associated with

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• obstacle to commercialization is the repeatability. Commercial switches require at least 1015 working cycles, but the current level is still 104–108. And the life cycles based on two-dimensional flexible materials such as graphene are only about a decade, far from meeting the needs of commercialization

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• translation and commercialization. Therefore, interdisciplinary research should be performed carefully to establish TiO2 as the next generation of nanotherapeutics. SEM images of titania structures. (A) Nanotubes. (Figure 1A was adapted with permission from [5], Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society. This

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• microfluidic elements for point-of-care diagnostics or drug delivery. Recent commercialization of TPP microtechnology by companies such as Nanoscribe GmbH (Germany) has enabled precise and flexible fabrication with submicron resolution [5]. Other manufacturing processes for microneedle fabrication include