Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• ; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; cytotoxic activity; Introduction Nanoscience serves as a unique platform to reveal new properties of substances through collaborative efforts with other fields (e.g., molecular chemistry, pharmaceutical science, applied health sciences, and engineering). In recent

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• toxicity to host cells – especially intracellular amastigote forms [44]. Previous studies have shown that fibroblasts can act as alternative host cells and have been used to evaluate cytotoxic activity against Leishmania spp. in contexts involving epithelial cells and fibroblasts [45]. In addition, reviews

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• , the non-hemolytic and cytotoxic activity of the nanoformulation was determined to assess its safety. The nanoemulsion loaded with Acrocomia aculeata fruit pulp oil was shown to have parameters suitable for its characterization, impressive anti-inflammatory activity, and a safe profile. Keywords

• temperature control during both formulation and storage to ensure the long-term stability of the nanoemulsion [49]. Hemolytic and cytotoxic activity of Acrocomia aculeata oil-based nanoemulsion The hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of the nanoemulsion were assessed to evaluate its potential therapeutic use

• the absorbance of the solvent, and AC is the absorbance of the positive control [61][62]. Cytotoxic activity The cytotoxic activity of AANE was evaluated in murine macrophages of the J774 strain (ATCC USA) according to the technique described by Nakayama and colleagues [64]. Staurosporine (5 μg/mL

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• [41]. Wayteck et al. have prepared liposomes that can hitchhike on cells to the tumor site and get separated to perform their cytotoxic activity [42]. 1.1.5 Cancer cells. Cancer cells establish their own mechanism to escape immune response [43]. They are tightly bound by surface proteins to hinder the

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• enable transport and delivery to brain tumors. Inorganic nanostructures as TMZ carriers have shown several advantages compared to organic ones with respect to physicochemical stability and potency/cytotoxic activity, overcoming their main disadvantages, that is, hydrophobicity/fluidity and toxicity by

• chemical modifications and/or coupling with hydrophilic polymers. TMZ was successfully incorporated in magnetic NPs [36], mesoporous silica NPs [37], and NPs made of silver [38], zinc oxide [39], and gold [40], all of them showing high accumulation in tumor cells and cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo

• sample (pointing to structural imperfections), while the peak at 43° remained unchanged. No shifts of the peaks were observed in the X-ray patterns of both CNs pointing to non-significant changes in the structure of the CNs. Cytotoxic activity of temozolomide-loaded carbon nanostructures A number of

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• cytotoxic activity against MA-104 cells. Therefore, it is proposed that the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold can be a potential candidate for broad biomedical applications, such as wound dressing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Conclusion PLA nanofiber scaffolds loaded with BBR powder and BBR NPs were

• inhibition concentration for MRSA. The release of BBR from PLA nanofiber scaffolds was best fit with Ritger–Peppas models, suggesting that BBR release was mainly controlled by a diffusion mechanism. Additionally, the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold did not exhibit cytotoxic activity against MA-104 monolayer

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• very strong cytotoxic activity on MMNK-1 cells. Free CUR, however, showed higher cytotoxicity than CUR-HSA-MPs in MMNK-1 cells. In fact, CUR has a cytotoxic effect on normal cells, but tumor cells are more sensitive to it [47]. As demonstrated recently, CUR preferably induces apoptosis in highly

• -7 cells (C, D) compared to the untreated control after 24 and 48 h using the MTT assay. Results are expressed as mean values (n = 3) ± SEM. *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001. Cytotoxic activity of free curcumin, HSA-MPs, and CUR-HSA-MPs in HDFB (A) and MMNK-1 (B) after 24 h compared to

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• conducted by monitoring biosynthesis temperature, considering that this variable has an important influence on the formation of nanoparticles. To verify the biological behavior of the obtained Ag/AgCl nanoparticles, their cytotoxic activity in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was investigated. The novelty

• the obtaining of metallic Ag nanoparticles combined with AgCl, where AgNPs were formed by reducing compounds of the extract. Thus, the formation of AgCl was due to the availability of chlorine salts in pineapple peels. The third novelty shown in this work is that the cytotoxic activity of Ag/AgCl

• the same time, the nanodispersion behavior was related to the cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. The best results were obtained with the combination of nanoparticles mainly with AgCl. In other studies, the formation of Ag and AgCl signals has also been detected by XRD when using plant extracts [26

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

• Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
• Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
• J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Josue Juarez and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

• [12]. Specifically, during a viral infection, viral antigens are presented by MHC I to be recognized by T cells, which, in turn, promote cytosine release and the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells [12][52][53]. Due to the efficiency of this system, many biological therapeutics (proteins, peptides

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• did not show statistically significant cytotoxic activity against A549 cells over the range of studied concentrations (3–160 μM) (Figure 5a). Characterization of changes in the viability of A549 cells under the action of the pillar[5]arenes was performed by the MTT test [47]. Since in the case of

• significant cytotoxic activity against A549 cells in the range of concentrations studied (3–160 μM). 3/Ag+ nanoparticles had lower cytotoxicity than Ag+ ions. Therefore, it was concluded that macrocycle 3 has the ability to reduce the toxicity of Ag+. The survival rate of A549 model cells was 76% for a

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• surfactants prepared by the solvent evaporation method, Xu et al. were able to achieve around 92% loading efficiency of curcumin and measured enhanced cytotoxic activity against ovarian cancer cells compared with freely dispersed curcumin [9]. Microfluidic mixing is a recently developed method for the

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• , various cancer cell lines (Jurkat, K562, HL-60/wt, HL-60/vinc, and B16F10/wt) were treated with the nanoparticles and their cytotoxic activity was compared to that of free Dox (Figure 6). γ-Fe2O3@P(HPMA-MMAA) nanoparticles used in different amounts (2–260 μg depending on cell line) were non-toxic for all

• nanoparticles always corresponded to the amount of free Dox applied to the cells reaching IC50 level. After incubation with the cells, the Dox-free particles proved to be non-toxic. In contrast, P(HPMA-MMAA)-Dox coating on the nanoparticles enhanced the cytotoxic activity by 15–20% compared to free Dox, both

• development is at its early stage, transfer to clinical environments is problematic, and improvement of the efficacy–toxicity balance is required [15]. In this report, we took advantage of the versatility of PHPMA as a base for iron-oxide coating. The objective is to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• ]. These multiple, synergic mechanisms of cytotoxic activity reduce the likelihood that the microorganisms develop resistance against the silver compounds [21]. Consequently, AgNPs are very attractive as antimicrobials, due to the worldwide crisis of bacterial resistance to conventional, narrow-target

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• nanocomposites were screened for cytotoxicity against two human cell lines, HT144 (malignant melanoma) and HCEC (normal cells). ZnO:Ag nanocomposites showed a clear photo-oxidation-mediated cytotoxic activity against the cancer cells, nanocomposites having a higher content of Ag (10 to 30%) being more toxic

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• control and all of them revealed cytotoxic activity. At the same time, the data confirmed the tendency of decreasing particle cytotoxicity if coated with PDMAAm or D-mannose. The strongest cytotoxic effect was observed at the highest concentration of the colloid (100 µL/mL of medium). The PDMAAm-coated γ

• -Fe2O3. The beneficial effect of coating (diminishing particle cytotoxic activity for the cells) was thus demonstrated. By using confocal microscopy, D-mannose- and PDMAAm-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were detected in vacuoles inside the cytoplasm of the cells (Figure 3a,c). PDMAAm-coated particles were

• particles were found to have a reduced cytotoxic activity compared to non-coated nanoparticles, which was demonstrated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. However, all γ-Fe2O3 particles tested at different concentrations reduced the viability of human cells in vitro. It should be noted that

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• ; cancer therapy; iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles; polyethylene glycol; Introduction Camptothecin (CPT) is a quinoline based alkaloid, which exhibits a potent cytotoxic activity against a broad spectrum of tumours [1][2][3]. While most antineoplastic agents inhibit cancer cell proliferation by

• retain the biological activity of CPT and exhibit remarkable cytotoxic activity towards H460 lung cancer cell line cultures. Remarkably, it was found that iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method can be loaded with CPT. By the proposed nanoparticle surface

• modification procedure with PEG the amount of CPT that can be loaded was greatly enhanced (in effect doubled) with respect to bare USM nanoparticles. No significant difference in the cytotoxic activity was observed among the CPT loaded on either the PEGylated or bare USM magnetic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, a