Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• enable the development of functionalized tips, obtained by picking up a single molecule from a surface. This has been an important milestone for low-temperature STM/AFM techniques since the CO tip nowadays enables systematic high-resolution measurements of surfaces, molecules and atoms [33][34][35]. It

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• temperature range above 800 °C [10][11][12], and microstructural as well as mechanical investigations and optimizations have been performed [13][14][15]. Especially for FeCo2O4 addition, the development of an additional electron-conductive phase (namely (Ce,Gd)(Fe,Co)O3), whose composition and abundance

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• development of early diagnosis methods is of importance. The traditional biological methods to research pancreatic cancer are based on molecular genetics and gene signaling. However, the mechanical properties of cells, which can enable cells to express various biological functions have been ignored [4

• from measuring the alteration of cellular mechanics, which provides a guide for the innovation and development of anticancer drugs [11]. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has matured into a forceful nanoscale platform for imaging biological samples and quantifying biomechanical properties of living cells

• under (almost) physiological conditions in situ. It offers nanoscale force sensitivity, the ability to work in liquid phases, and requires no staining [12][13][14]. With the development of AFM, researchers have been able to conduct extensive research on biological issues through imaging the

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• reducing the frictional forces experienced when they walk on the leaves and might also provide mechanical stability to the growing plant organs. Here, we have studied the development of cuticular ridges on adaxial leaf surfaces of the tropical Araceae Schismatoglottis calyptrata. We used polymer replicas

• of adaxial leaf surfaces at various ontogenetic stages to study the morphological changes occurring on the leaf surfaces. We characterized the replica surfaces by using confocal laser scanning microscopy and commercial surface analysis software. The development of cuticular ridges is polar and the

• also have a polarity during development but are characterized by an acropetally directed progression. They have also found that the ridge development coincided with the directional color changes occurring on the leaf surfaces. Our preliminary microscopic examination and visual observations have shown

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• ; Introduction A variety of nanomaterial (NM)-enabled products have already been marketed [1][2] and there is considerable interest in the development of novel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for a variety of applications. Nanomedicine, including ENM-based therapeutic agents, nanocarriers (i.e., targeted drug

• for developers of novel metal oxide ENMs and ENM-enabled products to introduce safety-by-design approaches. Due to the opportunity to reduce experimental costs and/or development timeframes and/or late-stage attrition, as well as the ethical, societal and regulatory [14][15][16][17] pressures towards

• our study is that we explored two data augmentation approaches which, to the best of our knowledge, have never previously been applied in published nano-QSAR research, as a means of addressing the widely known issues with limited availability of suitable data for nano-QSAR development [20][33][34

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitriy V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Sergey A. Pavlov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

• operation optimum at intermediate temperatures between the liquid nitrogen and helium temperatures [18][19]. The issue of obtaining sharp Shapiro steps is especially important for the development of HTSC Josephson voltage standards, consisting of series arrays of up to tens of thousands Josephson junctions

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• candidates as phosphors in white LEDs. Keywords: gold nanostructures; luminescence; plasmon resonance; Introduction The rapid development of optoelectronics leads to challenges in the search for new luminescence materials. Especially the fabrication of white LEDs requires more efficient phosphors

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• the development of energy harvesters and sensors. Among the piezoelectric materials, special attention has been paid to electroactive polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFe), which is one of the most extensively

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• contribution to the total conductivity is negligible. Conclusion The present study was mainly focused on the development of polymer electrolytes with acceptable ionic conductivity values which can be suitable for energy storage applications. For this purpose, the ionic liquid [BDiMIM][Cl] was introduced in the

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• Development, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Puyang 457001, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.91 Abstract The slip boundary condition for nanoflows is a key component of nanohydrodynamics theory, and can play a significant role in the design and fabrication of nanofluidic devices. In this review, focused on the

• and fabrication of nanofluidic devices. In addition, understanding the slip flow behavior in nanoporous media is also of great significance in the field of development of shale reservoirs [22]. The shale oil transport could be enhanced due to the positive slip length compared with that of the no-slip

• applied in the study of dynamic properties of liquids including diffusion and slip flow behavior, and in the prediction of the slip length at the nanoscale [35][36][37]. Owing to the rapid development of technology, experimental studies of flow boundary conditions have been successfully extended to

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• using this mode for scanning were discussed in [3][4][5][35]. A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of the approach curves was carried out in the framework of the development of the frequency modulation mode [12][13][14]. When approaching, the probe amplitude in the DM decreases only due to

• microscope manufactured by AIST-NT (currently produced by HORIBA Scientific) under the control of a modified imaging software that allows for the programming of new procedures and controls. The operation of modern AFMs is based on a digital feedback loop, which provides greater flexibility in the development

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• for both samples without additives and samples containing cobalt. The development of a marked 2D peak at approximately 2680 cm−1 has been reported to result from the presence of turbostratic carbon as a type of disorder in graphite [39][40]. Fibres with cobalt display this peak increasingly with

• higher carbonisation temperatures (Figure 5a), suggesting the formation of turbostratic carbon, especially in samples carbonised at and above 900 °C. This effect is not found in the unmodified fibres (Figure 5b), as suggested by the XRD diffractograms (Figure 3). Comparing the development of the ID/IG

• species. Raman spectra normalised to the height of the D peak for samples with (a) 1.0 wt % Co and (b) without cobalt additives. (c) Development of the ID/IG area ratios. (a) Exemplary XPS C 1s range of a sample containing cobalt carbonised at 900 °C, (b) relative area intensity of sp2 and sp3 carbon from

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• irradiation-sensitive resists. The EBL process includes the surface coating with a resist, exposure to the energetic electron beam, and further development of the surface to remove irradiated or non-irradiated material. Another technique, focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) [2][3][4][5], is based

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• , and maximum luminance of various LED with carbon nanostructures, plasmonic, and metal oxide NP in the device layers. Funding This research has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund project EQUiTANT TK134 (F180175TIBT) and EMÜ bridge funding P200030TIBT.

A new method for obtaining model-free viscoelastic material properties from atomic force microscopy experiments using discrete integral transform techniques

• Berkin Uluutku,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1063–1077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.79

• from legitimate material behavior. One can envision the development of smart algorithms that “clean up” the viscoelastic functions based on their expected behavior. However, this is clearly more challenging in our model-free framework, where the features of the material behavior may not be known a

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• . In order to maximize the beneficial health effects of CUR, critical factors need to be strictly controlled, such as particle size, morphology, and interaction between the encapsulating material and CUR. In addition, there is an area of study to be explored in the development of CUR-based smart

• nanosystems where significant anticancer effects have been reported. Acknowledgements The authors thank FEES-CONARE (115-B9-670), the National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), the University of Costa Rica (UCR), the National Technical University (UTN), and the Center for Food Research and Development

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive

• light. The resist is sprayed or spin coated onto a substrate surface for patterning and is exposed to light (usually ultraviolet) either through a contact mask or using a projection stepper, followed by wet development to form a resist pattern. This technique requires well-established photosensitive

• high, were formed by exposing SU-8 polymer, on a silicon wafer, to UV light through a mask consisting of hollow circular patterns or annuli [101], followed by wet development to obtain the final microstructure. In recent years, techniques such as 3D printing and TPP have received great interest due to

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• STOE & Cie GmbH for recording the X-ray diffractograms. Funding The research was funded by the Bilateral project between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Serbia, funded by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (grant 451-03-01971/2018-09/19) and the

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• storage systems is essential for sustainable development [1][2]. Not only would it allow for a longer operation range of electronic devices such as mobile consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. It would also reduce fossil fuel reliance and greenhouse gas emissions

• batteries. As a result of scientific investigations and technological innovations, room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries have been gaining importance since the mid-2000s [3][10][14]. A lot of effort is focused on the development of different cathode materials in order to produce commercial high

• combining the active material with free-standing, cloth-type carbonaceous materials. For instance, Yu et al. [22] reported the development of a cathode based on a sodium polysulfide catholyte soaked into a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) fabric. The resulting fabric/Na2S6 cathode exhibited higher capacity

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• regarding the development of more efficient metal–semiconductor devices such as photodiodes, photodetectors, and transistors [14][15][16]. The interfacial layer controls the current flow between metal and semiconductor and produces charge carriers under illumination [17][18]. Thiospinel CuNiCoS4

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• even technical tasks need to be solved for practical applications of the method [2][3][4]. Raman signal surface enhancement uses so-called SERS-active substrates that are mainly inorganic or hybrid nanostructured materials. Significant attention has been devoted to the development of formation methods

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• described below. In the relatively short time since their development, deep neural networks have registered remarkable success in image analysis [33]. Image recognition tasks performed using deep architectures can perform better than humans [34][35]. It is useful in many disciplines, such as biology

• in model development. One of these tasks is tuning of hyperparameters. The hyperparameters are external parameters of the model that are tuned, for instance, the number of neurons/kernels or kernel size, while the parameters of the models are internal, and learned automatically from the data (i.e

• balance. This is a fundamental step in the development of automated fabrication systems for these materials [111]. Object tracking Objects are tracked by following them in a movie or a series of time-lapse images. Reliable object tracking depends on the segmentation accuracy [7]. Moen et al. applied deep

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• ]. Therefore, the design of ordered graphene composites and the development of optimized microstructures is a major issue to study. In 2013, Kim et al. synthesized metal–graphene nanolayered (MGNL) composites consisting of alternating metal (copper or nickel) layers and graphene monolayers [22]. Since then, a

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• opportunity for the development of new biomaterials. The optimization of their responses to local/environmental stimuli can provide better-controlled drug delivery and superior therapeutic effects through the synergistic effect of various environmental stimuli [8][9]. These systems have been discussed in

• specific layer that serves as a shell [156]. The beginning of MB development can be traced back to the discovery of a relation between gas bubbles in the bloodstream and the strong US echo detected subsequently to an US irradiation [157]. The main application of MBs was in echocardiography to identify

• anticancer drugs [139]. They can also be targeted to specific tissues through surface modification with different ligands [169][170]. Azmin et al. reviewed MB dynamics and the physical principles behind MBs, providing a theoretical basis for the development of MB-based theranostic systems [171]. Some