Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• –groove substrate. Quantitative analysis of neurite directionality on the grooved substrates reveals an improvement in neurite alignment on the nanopatterned grooves, as can be seen in the increase in the amount of neurites aligned within 15° of the grooves, considering all neurite branches (Figure 4G and

• the neurite directionality on the ridge and groove areas (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S20) reveals that the enhancement of neurite alignment on the pillar–groove and hole–groove substrates was due to the improvement in alignment on the ridge areas for the former and on groove areas for the

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• absorbance due to changes morphology stem predominantly from changes to the directionality of the LSPR (due to changing curvature and dimensionality of the nanoparticle) and changes to the dynamics between the restoring and exciting forces of the plasmons, such as the mean free path, the relative

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• mesa. The same color scale is used, indicated in the middle panel of Figure 6b. The rightmost panels represent far-field radiation patterns (directionality diagrams) of the electric field amplitude outside the simulation sphere. From comparison of the middle panels in Figure 6a,b it can be seen that

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• the ontogenetic differences in size and orientation of the ridge islands and the epidermal cells (ridge island + periphery, also see Figure 5a). The directionality plugin (version 2.3.0) in ImageJ software was used to analyse the orientation of ridges in the ridge island and the periphery at different

• directionality plugin of the ImageJ software. The data shows typical variation in the ridge orientation (angle with horizontal) at different growth stages. Supporting Information File 76: Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) walking on a Schismatoglottis leaf sample. Acknowledgements We thank the

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• quantities, that is, frequency (giving the stiffness), amplitude (giving the piezoresponse), Q (dissipation), and phase (directionality of polarization). PFM can map piezoelectric domains and the inverse piezoresponse of a sample, but signals are notoriously low. In this work, two arrays (real and imaginary

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• successfully simulated the movement of cells and provided a powerful support platform for the development of molecular robots. But there are still some limitations. For example, the motion of the robot has no directionality and the behavior conversion process is not reversible. This will become a key concern

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• focus of an elliptical structure, which is formed by a slit in a gold film. By defining the dimensions of the ellipse, it becomes possible to control the directionality of the emitted light beam. The contributions collected in this Thematic Issue thus highlight current and emerging directions in the

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• structures can also act as antennas, effectively out-coupling the emitter’s radiation into the far-field as well as providing directionality to the emitter’s far-field radiation pattern. The effectiveness of any resonator/antenna scheme is quantified in terms of both the Purcell enhancement and the

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• planes. Secondly, due to its high directionality, EM thins one grain while depositing the material on an adjacent grain. Therefore, the local electrical resistance is determined by the contact area between the grain that is thinned and the adjacent grain that is taking up the material. Only this cross

Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

• Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
• Movaffaq Kateb,
• Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
• Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

• is expected due to the remarkably higher discharge current and cathode voltage [57]. In other words, the racetrack area could be wider during HiPIMS operation, which, in turn, can lead to a broader profile of sputtered material in terms of directionality. Furthermore, a potential difference of 1–5 V

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• AFM image taken with the N2O tip exhibits slightly lower resolution, in comparison to the CO tip termination, with a strong directionality of the submolecular features within the peripheral benzene rings. The tunneling current image also reveals a significant shadow cast in the same direction as the

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• claws influence the attachment performance only on (micro-)rough surfaces, but not on smooth ones, where they are not able to interact with any surface protuberances. (4) Single tarsi show an anisotropic frictional directionality, resulting in higher friction coefficients in the pull (compared with the

• fraction has been investigated so far, polar components such as proteins/peptides and carbohydrates might contribute to its amphiphilic property. Directionality of friction force Our nanotribometer experiments (performed on the fore tarsi) clearly revealed a direction-dependent (anisotropic) friction

• effect, i.e., the friction forces were significantly higher (up to two-times) in the proximal (pull) compared with the distal (push) direction (cf. Figure 4). Such directionality of orientation-controlled switch between attachment and detachment with adhesion strength varying strongly with the direction

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• of the inherent directionality of colloidal clusters and by growing a matrix material onto the clusters [13][14]. By adjusting the matrix growth, it is possible to leave some zones of the clusters exposed to the outer medium, which further serve as patches with controlled size. The group of van

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• mostly determined by the directionality of the etching, which is preferably anisotropic, and the surface quality after etching. The height ratio, defined as the ratio between the height of the mask before etching and the height of the structure after etching, allows an estimate of the relative etching

• best results were obtained with the fluorine chemistry that is known to be isotropic, but the presence of C4F8 allows the formation of a sidewall passivation layer that improves the directionality of the etching. Figure 13 shows the SEM micrograph of a mask with 17 nm wide lines at 50 nm spacing

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• micrometers (which leads to directionality) can effectively produce preferential fluid transport. Moreover, the results shown in Figure 2B suggest that the cone size can be conveniently adjusted by a proper choice of the number of scans. At higher fluence ( = 0.5 J/cm2), the morphologies obtained are

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• still gets irradiated at high angles with respect to the antenna axis, hence the overall collection efficiency it not improved substantially. The development of optimized plasmonic nanoantennas for better light coupling and nonlinear emission directionality would allow one to further enhance this

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• efficiently directed towards the detector by interaction with a modulation of the surface instead of being trapped inside the material [5][6]. When directionality of the extracted light is not required, a randomly patterned surface can be employed to increase the light emission intensity due to scattering [7

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• conformally dope three-dimensional nanostructures due to the directionality of the technique. Ion implantation operators have devised several methods to counter these issues such as hot implantations but have shown only moderate success [3][4]. The introduction of crystal damage has major consequences when

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

Effect of microtrichia on the interlocking mechanism in the Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Chao Liu,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Wei Wu and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 812–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.75

• -locking devices [17]. These microtrichia differ in density, shape, and directionality [5][18][19]. The microtrichia on the thorax, elytra and abdomen of Ulomoides dermestoides were studied using SEM, and their structures and distributions were investigated [20]. The possible functions of the microtrichia

• abdomen are 43.33 ± 14.94° and 83.00 ± 4.36°–85.00 ± 2.65° in the horizontal direction, respectively, which are similar to those of microtrichia of the HW1-elytron and HW1–HW2 (VS) interactions. It was demonstrated that directionality in microtrichial fields contributes to their ability to move in

• multiple corresponding to the change in density. Based on observations of the hindwings, elytra, and abdomen, the interlocking model was established. On the basis of measurements of the directional orientation of microtrichia, it was demonstrated that directionality in microtrichial fields contributes to

Valley-selective directional emission from a transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer mediated by a plasmonic nanoantenna

• Haitao Chen,
• Mingkai Liu,
• Lei Xu and
• Dragomir N. Neshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 780–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.71

• WSe2 as a chiral point-dipole emitter, we demonstrate numerically that the emission from different valleys is directed into opposite directions when coupling to a double-bar plasmonic nanoantenna. The directionality derives from the interference between the dipole and quadrupole modes excited in the

• control of the directionality of emission is less explored. Although previous studies [38][39][40][41][42] have shown several designs for spin-dependent directional emission, these schemes are extremely sensitive to the position of the emitter to the nanoantenna, e.g., the directionality of emission would

• directed either to the left or to the right, depending on its chirality. In contrast, for the case without the nanoantenna, the radiation does not show preferred directionality (shown in Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Importantly, the directionality could be effectively switched by changing the

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces

• Jonathan Ward,
• Khosro Zangeneh Kamali,
• Lei Xu,
• Guoquan Zhang,
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko and
• Mohsen Rahmani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 460–467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.44

• intensity of third harmonic light can be obtained for this system, via heating. This hybrid metasurface can find a wide range of applications in slow light, nonlinear optics and bio-chemical sensing. Keywords: dielectrics; directionality; metasurfaces; Mie resonance; plasmonics; reversible tuning

• ability to efficiently manipulate light at the nanoscale based on the simultaneous control of electric and magnetic Mie resonances [19]. Subsequently, the capability to control electric and magnetic resonances, offers a unique platform to engineer and tune the directionality of light emission [20][21

• metasurface based on the scattering properties of resonant nanoparticles and metasurfaces [44][45]. However, after heating the sample to 300 °C, most of the scattered field is in the forward direction, and the backward scattering is suppressed. High scattering directionality is achieved based on the Kerker

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• coupling yields a space division of total bias current/clock signal into four windows shifted by 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2 wave period. By analogy with a four-stroke carburetor engine, this four-phase bias scheme provides the directionality of the SFQs propagation [46]. Logic elements connected to a single ac

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• anomaly is the much better light harvesting ability of the monomer of SQ2 compared to the aggregated dye. The photocurrent around 600 nm is harvested mainly by SQ2 dimers, but the aggregation promotes a lack of directionality of excited-state electrons of the dye. As a consequence the harvesting ability