Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• coatings also exhibited excellent biocompatibility, elasticity, hydration, and bioadhesion properties [106]. Encapsulation into SLNs was also used to enhance antibacterial activity and achieve sustained release of the silver–furosemide (FSE) complex 8 (Figure 3) [107]. Although the free complex showed

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• applications. It forms crosslinked gels and responds to changes in pH and temperature [93]. To escape the RES, ovalbumin nanoparticles are conjugated with polyethylene glycol. Controlling the PEG/OVA ratio allows for fine-tuning of critical physical properties, such as particle size, elasticity, and mesh size

• fatty acid chain lengths. The series of in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the potent antitumor efficacy of CPT18C-HAS without obvious adverse effects [142]. It was reported that TNBC patients showed higher shear wave elasticity (SWE) α-SMA expression in tumor tissues than non-TNBC patients

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• matrix properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, due to its high surface area, hydroxy groups forming hydrogen bonds, and excellent dispersion within the matrix [20][21]. This improvement is attributed to interaction between hydroxy groups in NC and PVA, effectively

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• . Therefore, the pre-programed grid in FV defines the amount of information (number of nanoindentations per scanned line) taken from the sample surface and also its resolution. Typical parameters obtained using the FV mode are the height, stiffness, adhesion, elasticity modulus, and dissipation of the sample

• conditions. Of particular interest was the extraction and comparison of nanomechanical maps obtained in the low range of loading forces to quantify its morphology, membrane stiffness, Young’s modulus of elasticity and adhesion when PA was tested in hypotonic (Milli-Q water), isotonic (0.1 M phosphate

• indenter pushes a planar elastic semi-space characterized by a particular elastic modulus Y. The Sneddon model then provides a relation between the applied force load (F), the induced deformation (δ), and the modulus of elasticity (Y) of the tested material in the following way: with α as the half angle

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• mechanical strength and stiffness, improved the tribological properties by reducing friction, and increased the crystallization temperature. However, it also resulted in a decrease in elasticity. Morphological analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanotubes. These findings underscore the potential

• transverse direction (TD). The addition of CNTs to PBS at a concentration of 0.5 wt % enhances the mechanical tensile strength and stiffness of the material (tensile modulus increases); however, it significantly reduces its elasticity, as evidenced by a 1.5–2.0 times decrease in relative elongation. The

• %. Furthermore, the surface wettability increased by 15%, and the crystallization temperature rose by 25%, indicating an acceleration in crystallization kinetics. However, these enhancements were accompanied by a 37–50% reduction in elasticity. Despite the decrease in ductility, the elongation at break remained

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• % higher than that of blank PLA film. Nanosilica and graphene-based nanosheets were nanostructures with high elastic modulus for reinforcement of PLA films through load transfer mechanism. High elasticity of SG and GO-SG-ZH coatings led to the increases in elastic moduli of the coated films. Besides

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• , produced by silkworms, beetles, mites, and spiders [14]. Silk is an FDA-approved biomaterial for medical applications [15]. SF has distinctive physical, chemical, and mechanical properties [16]. Its characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, elasticity, solubility in water, and ease of

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• (r) = . It should be noted that the term Uel is important when the bonding between adatoms and substrate is strong (for example Cu atoms deposited onto Ti, Ta, or Mo substrates) [30][31]. For sufficiently small lattice mismatch between adsorbate and substrate, elasticity and stress effects may be

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• considerable long-life expectancy by Grote et al. [3] focused on the structure and performance changes of the adhesive system during aging. The attachment performance of these insects decreases with increasing age, and was shown to be related to changes of the attachment pads regarding their elasticity

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• their material composition, fiber diameter, and structural arrangement. The mechanical properties of PVA/chitosan-based nanofibers, such as tensile strength, elasticity, and elongation at break, are crucial for determining their suitability for various applications. Tensile properties Tensile strength

• modulus (or elastic modulus) is a measurement of elasticity, which describes the stiffness of nanofibers and is calculated as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region, which is the slope of the initial linear region of the stress–strain curve. Elongation at break measures the extent

• was found to increase with increasing chitosan concentration, but only up to 3.5% (w/w); further increasing the concentration resulted in a significant reduction in elasticity. The elongation at break was also highest at a chitosan concentration of 3.5% (w/w). These results indicate that the

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• such as V2O5, W2O3, Mo2O3, and TiO2. BiVO4 is a newly designed n-type semiconductor with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. This is attributed to its specific physicochemical features, including ferro-elasticity and ionic conductivity [90]. Regrettably, bismuth-based metal oxides exhibit a low light

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• geometries, while the stiff base prevents clumping of setae. The elasticity of the cuticular lamina of the grooming devices of I. elegans enhances the ability of the grooming structures to scrape eyes and antennae removing and collecting debris that accumulated inside the flag-shaped structures. The

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• matrix, 20–30% inorganic components, and 10–15% water [13][18]. The organic matrix is responsible for the elasticity of the bone, while the inorganic matrix provides hardness. This means that the organic matrix gives bone its tensile strength, and the inorganic matrix improves the compressive strength of

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• , including strength and elasticity of the fibrous scaffold, are crucial parameters. Medical gauze has a storage modulus of 1 MPa to 1 GPa [58], while the Young’s modulus of the skin is between 0.1 and 10 kPa, depending on the body parts, layer, and skin age [59]. In our research, we aimed to investigate the

• Sr(NO3)2 (7.7 ± 4%), and 20 PSI + 10 Sr(NO3)2 (7 ± 0.7%) samples. The two different salts caused a distinct effect on elongation at breakpoint values. The Zn(O2CCH3)2 did not significantly decrease the elasticity of the scaffold compared to that of the 25 PSI scaffold. The elasticity of 20 PSI + 5 Zn

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• oscillation amplitudes, the tip mechanically touches the surface during part of the oscillation. This mode is known as “intermittent contact” or tapping mode, and incorrect height measurements are usually ascribed to variations in the local elasticity [32][33] or differences in the local adhesion, related to

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• orientation (e.g., E100 = 138 GPa, E010 = 263 GPa, E001 = 228 GPa [26]) emphasising directional differences in the mechanical properties of the material. Since our as-grown NWs tend to exhibit various growth directions, as was determined in the TEM studies, this elasticity anisotropy could be one of the

• a high concentration of oxygen vacancies, which could partially be responsible for the lower elastic modulus values. The TEM studies performed on a few selected NWs did not indicate the presence of stacking faults, which could contribute to higher elasticity. However, in order to gain full insight

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• entropic elasticity of NR. Notably, values of tan δ for DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) sharply decreased with frequency. This suggests that the energy may be dissipated faster in DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) than in DPNR and DPNR/GO. The absence of chemical interactions between NR and GO-VTES

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• article, we discuss examples highlighting the influence of elasticity in nanoscale biological interactions focusing on mucosal delivery and on tumor targeting. Besides this, we discuss the influence of different measurement settings using atomic force microscopy for the determination of mechanical

• properties of drug carriers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; drug delivery; elasticity; mechanical properties; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; stiffness measurement; tissue/body distribution; Introduction Drug delivery systems are developed with the aim to transport a given drug to the site of action

• , demonstrating the impact of these characteristics, is the life span of red blood cells. Juvenile red blood cells are able to flow through capillaries much smaller in diameter than their size due to sufficient elasticity. During their life span, they gain rigidity leading to their filtration out of the blood

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• , it is crucial to consider that structural skin properties (e.g., transepidermal water loss, skin elasticity, dermal layer thicknesses, and ceramide content) differ among these groups [16][17][18], or else results give an incomplete picture. Several studies have also reported that the various

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• amplitude? To elucidate this, we performed a set of numerical simulations with different configurations of the setae, the segments’ elasticity, and the adhesion of the segments. The relationship between different variants of elasticity for a system composed of only short setae, as well as for a system

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• , optomechanical coupling. Such insight contours a vital step for the development of novel multifrequency methods by allowing one to distinguish coupling effects that are mediated by nonlinear elasticity or tip–surface interactions. Inclusion of intermodal coupling would pave the way for a new era of

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• pharmaceutical and cosmetics uses [17]. It was shown that monolayer talc has outstanding mechanical properties of the same order of magnitude as graphene [12]. The breaking strength for uniaxial deformations ranges from 29 to 33 N·m−1, and the two-dimensional elasticity modulus is E = 181 N·m−1. Also, talc’s

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• than a single scalar quantity such as a modulus of elasticity, and from which traditional viscoelastic quantities can be obtained, such as the storage and loss modulus (which are also frequency dependent). Figure 3 provides an example of storage and loss modulus estimates for cancerous human melanoma

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• higher elasticity [114]. The best-studied silk type is the major ampullate silk (MA) used by spiders for web radii and their dragline. It consists of several proteins known as major ampullate spidroins (MaSps). The most prominent spidroins are MaSp1 and MaSp2, differing mainly in their proline content