Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2024,15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31
fabricating WOx-based optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic cells.
Keywords: annealing; glancinganglesputterdeposition; heterojunction; tungsten oxide; work function; Introduction
Tungsten oxide (WOx; x ≤ 3) is a popular transition-metal oxide for various optoelectronic devices because of its
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Figure 1:
AFM height images of (a–d) as-deposited and (e–h) vacuum-annealed WOx films grown at a fixed glanci...