Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• putting oxidative defects on their sidewalls and extremities to decrease their hydrophobicity, ii) to use non-covalent interaction with hydrophilic biomolecules or surfactants [15][16][17][18] or iii) to use covalently grafted polyethyleneglycol (PEG) linkers, as described by us [9][11][12]. Many studies

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• stable in humid air than MAGeI3 because of its high hydrophobicity of the organic component [143]. The stability of MAGeI3 HP and its performance as a light harvester of solar cells can also be enhanced by introducing bromide additives. By substituting 10% I− with Br− a PCE of 0.57% was achieved (Table 1

• not tested as a potential light harvester. A highly stable C6H4NH2CuBr2I compound was synthesized by reacting 2-iodaniline with CuBr2 [150]. It displayed extraordinary hydrophobicity and retained stability even after a 4 h immersion in water. This stability is coupled with a high sensitivity to

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• nanoassociates that are able to encapsulate organic substrates of different hydrophobicity, including drugs (doxorubicin, naproxen, ibuprofen, quercetin). The micelles of the macrocycle slowed down the release of the hydrophilic substrates in vitro. In physiological sodium chloride solution and phosphate

• encapsulation of hydrophobic substrates The encapsulation of model compounds of different hydrophobicity by macrocycle 3 was studied (Table 2). These compounds were doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, quercetin (QC), a flavonol that exhibits decongestant, antispasmodic, antihistaminic

• particle size of 3 is observed, which is probably related to an increased hydrophobicity of the particles. The higher drug-loading (DL) values of Orange OT lead to a stronger growth of the particles (Figure 5c, Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). The encapsulation of Dox into micelles of 3 was also

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• synthetic polymeric scaffolds exhibit controllable degradation, good mechanical properties and can be modified easily, they cannot be as bioactive as natural polymers. Moreover, due to their hydrophobicity they hinder significant cellular growth and subsequent tissue formation [14]. Therefore, cellulose

• partial esterification of cellulose with acetic acid. The esterification of hydroxy groups of cellulose increases the hydrophobicity of CA while at the same time the existence of ester bonds makes it more susceptible to degrading in aquatic environments. So, in a 5 month period the change of the scaffold

• release pattern with an initial burst on day 1, in which 11.6% of the dexamethasone was released. This is probably due to the hydrophobicity of dexamethasone. When a hydrophobic drug forms a fibrous matrix with a polymer, a low burst release is observed. The second stage is the decay of the polymeric

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratio, the size and surface chemistry are crucial factors in NP–cell interactions. Several studies on metallic NPs, carbon nanotubes, and dendrimers have shown that toxicity of different NPs is determined by a combination of these factors [25][26][27][28][29]. In this respect

• combined computational methodology could be particularly effective in cases where potential drugs have similar hydrophobicity values to achieve a first approximation to guide the experimental phase. It could be expected that a drug with a lower degree of hydrophobicity would be more likely to migrate to

• reported when testing drugs with comparable hydrophobicity [54], which could be explained by NP–drug interactions calculated by these predictive tools. Conclusion In the present study, MD simulations provided a comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to PLA–PEG nanoparticle formation. To

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• sophisticated fractal and layered cuticle patterns possess superhydrophobic properties. These structural types are composed of the hierarchical structure which may be responsible for increasing the surface hydrophobicity [194]. Moreover, the colors of butterflies are attributed to their fine wing structure

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• viability. The survival ratio (number of live cells after 120 min with respect to that immediately after the deposition) is found to be around 0.42 for the first cycle (see Table 1). The relatively long initial time for inactivation of the bacteria can be related to the hydrophobicity of the PS surface with

Effect of microtrichia on the interlocking mechanism in the Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Chao Liu,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Wei Wu and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 812–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.75

• , Vision Research Inc., USA) at 300 frames/s. Contact angle The surface hydrophobicity was measured for both the dorsal side (DS) and the ventral side (VS). There are many veins in the wing base, resulting in an uneven surface that affects measurements. Therefore, we selected the posterior margin, which is

• demonstrate that the level of hydrophobicity was almost equivalent between the partitions. That is, the functionality of the three fields was equal. Studies have shown that the average CA of the cicada wing surface is 150° [25]. Thus, H. axyridis hindwings meet the criterion for hydrophobicity (CA ≥ 90

• only hydrophobicity but also preventing cohesion of the folded hindwing layers, favoring quick unfolding of the hindwings. This basic investigation will be beneficial for understanding the wing-folding/unfolding mechanisms in H. axyridis. The moment of unfolding of H. axyridis hindwings. The DS of the

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• -hydrophobicity for oil–water separation. The CNF/PVA/GO aerogel with a macroscopic 3D structure was prepared through freeze drying to connect the three components. Then, the super-hydrophobic CNF/PVA/GO carbon aerogel was fabricated by a carbonization treatment in a tubular furnace. The as-prepared carbon

• aerogel exhibited a porous structure and super-hydrophobicity and showed high selectivity and outstanding oil absorption capacities for various types of organic solvents and oils. Considering its inexpensive raw materials, green synthetic method, and high performance, the CNF/PVA /GO carbon aerogel shows

• thermal decomposition of the aerogels. As shown in the TGA curves of the CNF/PVA/GO carbon aerogels, no weight loss occurred, indicating that carbonation was complete. Hydrophobicity is an important parameter that influences the absorption capability for organic solvents and oils. Besides, it is reported

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• , hydrophobicity, protection of photo synthetic cells, interaction with chemicals and other organisms, providing optical properties etc. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Plant waxes are a conglomerate of various long chain (>C20) hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols etc. [10]. Further, cyclic compounds, e.g

• the continuous incorporation of wax molecules. The crystallization process was observed up to 4 hours before the increasing height of the tubules led to experimental artifacts. In addition, they also observed an increase in hydrophobicity of the wax structures, demonstrated by an increase in contact

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• reduced MCU percentage also indicates less defects in the SAM environment (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Second, the increase of hydrophobicity due to the presence of methyl-terminated alkanethiol leads to unfavorable hydrophilic biological probe insertion. The observed fluorescence signals

Interface conditions of roughness-induced superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces immersed in hexadecane and ethylene glycol

• Yifan Li,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2504–2514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.250

• , hydrophobic, oleophilic and oleophobic surfaces, and there is no data for superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces. In superoleophobicity, the values of the roughness parameters are mostly larger than those of surfaces with hydrophobicity/oleophobicity. As oils are widely used as lubricants and antifreeze

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• the one deposited using geometry 1, where the contact angle θ is less than 90°. The most pronounced hydrophobicity was observed for the structures shown in Figure 4b,c, where the contact angle was greater than 120°. It is known that the structures consisting of such nanocolumnar arrays possess good

• dynamic hydrophobicity due to their discrete surface structure [30]. Conclusion The present paper demonstrates a fast and flexible method for the fabrication of pure Au nanostructures. The structures were produced by applying the PLD technique in open air, that is, in the absence of vacuum, typically

• geometries used in the experiments. Electrical resistance and hydrophobicity of the Au nanostructures produced under different geometries. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support by project DFNP-184 “Nanostructured coatings fabricated by laser ablation in air” under the Assistance for

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• template relies on using water to lower the adhesion between the film and the template. The key advantage of our method is that any polymer with hydrophobicity and/or low surface energy can be patterned with the DNA nanostructure master template. Furthermore, because the method uses spin-coating instead of

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• ]) are added, PEDOT:PSS undergoes a structure rearrangement that results in a morphology that favors electron conduction. The nanoclay dispersions have the potential to modify the morphology of the polymer by secondary interactions due to the nanoclay charge, sodium cations and hydrophobicity, thus

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• increased intersheet spacing between VGNs. The contact angle is found to vary from 127° to 134° for the other studied samples. The improvement in hydrophobicity is significant and can be considered for many useful applications. Electrical properties The sheet resistance of VGNs was measured to study their

Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Christine Cheng and
• Malancha Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162

• , and prior use in biomedical applications [33]. A silicon wafer piece was placed under the substrate to visually observe the penetration of polymer through the lattice. To measure the change in hydrophobicity of the 7.5 mm PLA lattice after the deposition of PPFDA, contact angle changes were monitored

• hydrophobicity caused its pores to also remain filled with air. Unlike the hydrophobic lattices, the lattice coated with P(HEMA-co-EGDA) wicked water into its pores because of the hydrophilicity and the lattice sank in the water. To demonstrate the efficacy of the incorporated cross-linker for preventing

• -co-EGDA), after which the comb, nut, and bolt all were readily wetted (Figure 6c). Following the coating with hydrophilic polymer, the substrates were then coated with PPFDA, and the substrate surfaces regain hydrophobicity (Figure 6d). These sequential depositions of polymers with different

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• of g-C3N4 can remove toxic acidic molecules through electrostatic interactions [68]. The surface hydrophobicity of g-C3N4 can be changed by chemical oxidation by introducing various hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which eventually lead to good dispersion during catalytic process. The layered g-C3N4

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• hydrophobicity was examined by performing water contact angle measurements with a DSA II (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) contact angle analyzer. The contact angle measurements were collected using a 4 μL drop size of deionized, distilled water. At least 5 contact angles per five different locations were averaged

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• C3F5+ ion fluence across polymer, metal, and silicon substrates, a hydrophobicity gradient was formed along the treatment direction [71]. The chemical gradients of hydrophobic octadiene to a more hydrophilic acrylic acid were produced via plasma polymerization, and the surface was found effective for

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) were investigated. PFDA polymers are known for their interesting crystalline aggregation into a lamellar structure that induces super-hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. Nevertheless, when considering applications which involve chemical, mechanical and thermal stresses, it is

• alterations thereof. Heat treatment leaves the chemical composition of the linear PFDA polymers largely unchanged, while a more ordered crystalline structure with smoother morphology is observed. At the same time, the hydrophobicity and the integrity of the polymer deteriorate upon heating. The integrity and

• hydrophobicity of cross-linked p-PFDA films was preserved likely because of the lack of internal strain due to the coexistence of both crystalline and amorphous phases. The possibility to finely tune the degree of cross-linking can therefore expand the application portfolio in which PFDA polymers can be utilized

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• poly(ethylene oxide) and hydrophobic poly(vinyl butyral) into PANI to tune the sensitivity towards humidity. It was observed that increasing the fraction of the hydrophilic material within the sensor decreased resistance, whereas increasing the hydrophobicity resulted in higher resistance. Our work

Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

• Stanislav Gorb and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

• numerous more sophisticated experiments. They also proved that in order to establish comparable self-cleaning properties on technical surfaces, the micro- and nanostructures found on the plant leaves and the hydrophobicity of the plant waxes must be transferred [1][5][6]. This has successfully been done in

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• (sorption or catalytic) [13], as well as the possibility of influencing the hydrophobicity of the surface layer. The most suitable objects for such application are apparently hybrid organic–inorganic materials bearing surface-anchored functional groups. The methodology for their synthesis has reached a high