Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• development of nanotechnology, more and more MONPs including zinc, iron, titanium, and copper are being explored in therapeutic applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, bioelectronics, and tissue engineering applications [4][5][6]. Simultaneously, many of these particles also presented

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• reduction as well as sensitive and versatile thermal detection devices suitable for a wide range of high-tech applications. Fabrication process of the pixel-based CNT microbolometer. (a) AlOx deposition, (b) lithography process and metal contact evaporation, (c) iron catalyst evaporation, and (d) CNT growth

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• degradable nonendogenous molecules [90]. It should be mentioned that there is not much data showing biodegradation/excretion of NPs. Iron oxide-based NPs have, however, been used as safe contrast agents for MRI for many years and have been shown to be degradable both in solutions in vitro [91] and after

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• iron oxide nanocore decorated with organic compounds and investigated their cellular uptake across various human cell types [18]. However, determining the cellular absorption of functionalized nanoparticles in different human cell types is a laborious, expensive, and time-consuming task. Computational

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• . Importantly, this route opens a new approach to utilizing Fe2O3-based waste materials from the iron and steel industry in manufacturing Fe-based MIL-100 materials. Keywords: CO2/N2 separation; Fe2O3 nanoparticles; hydrothermal reaction; IAST-predicted CO2/N2 selectivity; MIL-100(Fe); Introduction Metal

• removed from the termini of iron octahedra in the secondary building units (SBUs) through an activated-thermal process in a vacuum-controlled environment [9][10]. Notably, density and oxidation states of the formed unsaturated Fe sites (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) are temperature-dependent, influencing the

• strength of the Lewis acid properties. Lower temperatures (approx. 150 °C) favor Fe(III), while higher temperatures up to 250 °C promote Fe(II) [9][10]. The MIL-100(Fe) structure is built from oxo-trimers of iron octahedra as SBUs together with bridges of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, yielding a hybrid

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• , during electron beam exposure, successful purification of the deposited material occurs only if the deposited metal is inherently resistant to oxidation, such as Au, Pt, and Ru [34]. In the case of iron [35], the removal of carbon is accompanied by a large incorporation of oxygen in the deposit

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• coordination numbers [24]. Alternatively, Kotzabasaki et al. also codified the composition of iron oxide nanoparticles with a single categorical descriptor that encodes the crystal structure of the main component (in this case as maghemite or magnetite) [25]. Alternatively, some descriptors are focused on the

• ]. Additionally, focusing on the role of the NM as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, the authors added the specific property of cellular internalization of iron, measured as the amount of iron inside the cells [25]. Zhang et al. [79] created a predictive model that uses regression trees to predict the

• such as those of Liu et al. [76] and Fourches et al. [44] that describe a series of NMs with different compositions, including different iron oxides and quantum dots, only on the basis of their size, magnetic values, and zeta potential, without any direct consideration of the composition (i.e., no

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• , Morilla and collaborators presented a critical review on nanomedicines and Chagas disease, highlighting the potential of oral nanocrystals and parenteral nano-immunostimulants to treat this NTD [3]. Moving to leishmaniases, Verçoza et al. evaluated the therapeutic potential of green superparamagnetic iron

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States 10.3762/bjnano.15.66 Abstract We probe the separation of ligands from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4(C4H6O2) or Fe(CO)4MA) induced by

• . Interesting differences also appear when this precursor is compared to structurally similar iron pentacarbonyl. The present findings shed light on the recent electron-induced chemistry of Fe(CO)4MA on a surface under ultrahigh vacuum. Keywords: electron collision; focused electron beam-induced deposition

• (FEBID); FEBID precursor; iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate; Introduction In recent years, a wave of interest in the electron-induced loss of ligands from organometallic and coordination compounds appeared, which has been motivated by the need to understand focused electron beam-induced deposition

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reduction step [120]. LML of iron oxide in ethyl acetate and ethanol was reported to yield ethyl aldehyde and butane. The aldehyde was proposed to form via dehydrogenation of ethanol, while butane forms via dimerization of formed C2H5 radicals [125]. Van’t Zand et al. investigated the pyrolysis of

• . These carbides might form in situ but decompose during the process to yield an oxide core. Iron oxide is not the only phase formed in organic liquids during laser ablation of iron (Table 2). Amendola et al. ablated iron in six different solvents and found different core compositions. Ablation in toluene

• gave rise to an amorphous iron core, while tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide formed magnetite/maghemite or metallic iron. Oxides were detected for acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, and ablation in ethanol resulted in iron carbides [100]. Iron carbide formation was also found for ablation in

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• electrostatically driven exfoliation of WO3 powder using bovine serum albumin as an exfoliating agent at pH 4 [8]. Subsequently, in 2018, Balan et al. [9] achieved the synthesis of hematene, a n-vdW 2D material, from natural iron ore hematite (α-Fe2O3) using liquid exfoliation. Unlike hematite, hematene exhibited

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• Scientific, USA) in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. The X-ray diffractometer patterns were characterized by the X-ray diffractometer (D8 ADVANCE, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). The iron and manganese concentrations were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS) (7800, Agilent, Santa

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• heteroleptic precursor Fe(CO)4MA, thus, offers the possibility to suppress contributions of thermal reactions, which can compromise control over the deposit shape and size in FEBID processes. Keywords: autocatalytic growth; cryo-EBID; electron beam-induced deposition; heteroleptic iron precursor; thermal

• atom to be deposited is surrounded by suitable ligands. In an ideal case, these ligands are converted to volatile species upon fragmentation of the precursor during electron irradiation and desorb from the surface while the desired element is deposited. Owing to their magnetic properties, iron

• FEBID (see summary in [8]), iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) has so far been the most prominent precursor for the deposition of iron, yielding metal contents up to 80 atom % without further purification [8]. Fe(CO)5 has also been used in FEBID processes that co-dosed dimethylgold(III

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• synthesize cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots (CF/GQDs). The material was prepared from a homogeneous mixture of iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and starch at 140, 180 and 200 °C in a 24 h thermal hydrolysis process. The obtained materials were characterised by using X-ray diffraction, scanning

• (Co(NO3)2·6H2O, 98%), iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 98%), and starch ((C6H10O5)n, 98%) were purchased from Merck, Germany. Methylene blue trihydrate (C16H18ClN3S·3H2O), isopropanol (C3H8O), potassium iodide (KI), and potassium bromate (KBrO3) were also purchased from Merck, and

• 100 °C for 24 h to obtain CoFe2O4/GQDs. The material was denoted as CF/GQDs-140, CF/GQDs-180, and CF/GQDs-200, where the numeral symbol presents the hydrolysis temperature. For the sake of comparison, GQDs were synthesized similarly at 200 °C without cobalt and iron. The product mixture was evaporated

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• employ the properties of transition metals and metal oxides (e.g., cobalt, iron, cerium, and gold), which can generate a cycle of reduction and oxidation stages [20][21][22][23]. Among these metal oxides, cerium oxide-based nanomaterials have been deeply studied with regard to the mechanisms of CAT

• investigated for antioxidant activities. Singh et al. investigated the effect of the Mn3+/Mn2+ ratio on CAT activity [33]. Oxidizing Mn3O4 with NaIO4 yielded a high Mn3+/Mn2+ ratio and enhanced CAT activity compared with that of non-oxidized Mn3O4. Ten different iron oxide-based nanoantioxidants including 6

• -line ferrihydrite, 2-line ferrihydrite, goethite, akageneite, feroxyhyte, hematite, magnetite, maghemite, schwertmannite, and lepidocrocite were compared regarding CAT activity [34]. The highest CAT activity was shown by 2-line ferrihydrite, followed by 6-line ferrihydrite and feroxyhyte. Iron-based

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• also includes cancer imaging and diagnosis such as the MRI imaging agent Resovist, carboxydextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles approved for liver contrast-enhanced MRI102 [87]. Another 10% are nanocrystals, such as Tricor (approved in 2004) or Triglide (approved in 2005), used to

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• photothermal therapy on a single platform has been developed in the form of vinorelbine-loaded polydopamine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Vinorelbine (VNB) is loaded on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles produced by a solvothermal technique after coating with polydopamine (PDA) with varying weight

• , magnetic response, and controlled drug release with photothermal effect brings a different perspective to advanced cancer treatment research. Keywords: drug efficacy; iron oxide nanoparticles; photothermal; solvothermal method; Introduction Cancer is a widespread condition characterized by the

• , as they increase permeability and retention effect in solid tumors, enabling precise application to the targeted cells. Various structures such as silica-based conjugates, inorganic polymers, ceramic nanomaterials, gold, iron oxide, and noble metal nanoparticles have been utilized [9][10]. Among the

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• containers, metal-based equipment, and kitchen utensils in maintaining product integrity. The figure further demonstrates the potential to introduce heavy metal contamination, including iron and aluminum, during processing and emphasizes the formation of a milk layer in form of a protein/lactose corona at

• different facets of the aluminum surface (100, 110, and 111) in a bar chart. A comparison of the adsorption energies on aluminum and iron surfaces reveals distinct preferences for different AAs. On aluminum surfaces, ARG, PRO, TRP, TYR AAs show the strongest attraction (−63.32kBT to −41.46kBT), followed by

• HIE, GLN, PHE, GAN (−43.86kBT to −20.85kBT). VAL, THR, SER, CYS, ALA exhibit the weakest attraction (−19.51kBT to −1.76kBT). On iron surfaces, charged and aromatic PRO, TYR, ARG, HIS AAs are strongly adsorbed (−91.29kBT to −43.34kBT), while hydrophobic VAL, LEU, ALA AAs show a weaker adhesion

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• nanocarrier that can be loaded with the chemotherapeutic medication chlorambucil and magnetic resonance imaging agents (e.g., iron oxide nanoparticles and near-infrared fluorophore IR780) for theragnostics. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) was combined with the aforementioned ingredients to generate poly(vinyl

• alcohol)-based nanoparticles (NPs) using the single emulsion technique. Then the NPs were coated with F127 and F127-folate by simple incubation for five days. The nanoparticles have the hydrodynamic size of approx. 250 nm with negative charge. Similar to chlorambucil and IR780, iron oxide loadings were

• of these systems to serve as medication and imaging agent carriers for cancer treatment and diagnostics, respectively. Keywords: cancer; chlorambucil; F127-folate; IR780; iron oxide nanoparticles; PLGA; theragnostics; Introduction Theragnostic nanoparticles (NPs) are a diagnostic and therapeutic

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• to more stable and less available solid forms by forming complexes with oxides such as aluminum or iron, or by precipitating as Zn carbonate [7]. The recommended Zn level needed for the majority of crops to be healthy ranges from 30 to 200 μg Zn g−1 dry weight (DW) of plants [8]. Therefore, the

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• , iron oxide, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles) [4]. Additionally, nanocarrier-free systems, such as drug nanocrystals, are also used to improve the delivery of poorly soluble drugs [5][6]. In our previous study, the saturation concentration of BBR in water was 2.0 mg/mL, while BBR nanoparticles

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• –iron alloy (80 atom % Ni and 20 atom % Fe) that has a small coercive field (Hc) [17] and low magnetostriction (λs) [18], as well as high permeability and high saturation magnetization (Ms) [19]. TEM offers high spatial resolution for magnetic imaging. TEM-based magnetic imaging techniques such as

• or volatile particles, which can be pumped out. RIE of nickel–iron alloys has been carried out using inductively coupled plasma RIE with argon and chlorine [34] or with NH3 and CO [35]. Stencil lithography requires further optimization although possible applications are attractive because of the

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• central iron ion is trivalent, and the Hb derivative has lost its ability to bind oxygen. Therefore, only bivalent Hb is functional. The “oxygen release method” was used to determine the percentage of functional hemoglobin, as previously described in detail by Kloypan and co-workers [33]. In brief, the

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• , iron oxide nanoparticles are the most prominent ones because of their biocompatibility, low toxicity, ease of synthesis, and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The influence of a magnetic field can also increase temperature generation by such nanoparticles, which is called magnetic hyperthermia

• . Since iron oxide nanoparticles absorb in the NIR region, irradiating them with a proper source will produce heat, which makes them suitable for theranostic purposes [32][42][43]. Carbon nanomaterials: Carbon-based materials have been identified as promising candidates for photothermal applications

• a low-power laser source. In a multimodal system of gold, iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, the photothermal properties of graphene, the magnetic properties of iron oxide, and the surface plasmon resonance of gold enable multiple functions in a single system. The presence of gold

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• The main goal of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of green superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) produced with coconut water for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis. Optical and electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate the

• effort on the search for new treatments for different diseases. Its main objective is to develop therapies with higher specificity, effectiveness, and safety, as well as less toxicity [6]. One interesting class of nanomaterials in medicine are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). SPIONs

• , arrowheads). The ferrous nature of the observed structures was assessed by chemical element mapping analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (Figure 2C), confirming that the electron-lucent structures contain iron atoms (Figure 2D). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm the