Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• characteristic for sp³ carbon and the G-band at 1588 cm−1 for sp² carbon. The D/G ratio is characteristic for a low temperature glassy carbon type material [41]. Consistent with the TEM results, the G-band in the Raman spectrum (D/G = 1.18, 1.03, 1.02 for 950 °C, 1300 °C, 1600 °C, respectively) confirms the

• regime. The BET surface decreases drastically with the increasing carbonization temperature due to a lower amount of micropores. Meanwhile the mesopore content increases. This observation corresponds well with commercial glassy carbon materials which are processed at low temperature and obey a narrow

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• application to solution-processable deposition methods. These methods are more oriented towards large-scale production, such as printing technologies that stand out as high-throughput, low-temperature processes, also employable in roll-to-roll configuration. Among these technologies, inkjet printing (IJP) is

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• process. It was proven that although both growth mechanisms coexisted in the experiments, long and oriented nanotubes were produced only by the tip-growth mechanism. In [100], SWCNTs were synthesized by the low-temperature CVD process using two different types of CoxMg1−xO catalysts prepared by atomic

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• hence a higher conductivity. Indeed, the general feature changes drastically with the presence of the depressed semi-circle and the straight line at low temperature, then the depressed semi-circle disappears progressively, and the straight line at higher temperatures becomes more pronounced. This

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• higher temperatures. A low temperature (room temperature), on the other hand, limits a rapid and reversible desorption of the gas from the surface of metal-doped MWCNTs, increasing the recovery process. Therefore, mild heating at 100–150 °C favors the desorption of the gaseous species from the surface of

Advances in the fabrication of graphene transistors on flexible substrates

• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Stella Lo Verso,
• Silvestra Di Marco,
• Vincenzo Vinciguerra,
• Emanuela Schilirò,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Raffaella Lo Nigro,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Amaia Zurutuza,
• Alba Centeno,
• Sebastiano Ravesi and
• Filippo Giannazzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.50

• buried gate contact under a thin Al2O3 insulating film. In order to be compatible with the use of the PEN substrate, optimized deposition conditions of the Al2O3 film by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) at a low temperature (100 °C) have been developed without any relevant degradation of

• devices performance. A low temperature (100 °C) deposition process to obtain a high quality dielectric film is essential in order to be compatible with common plastic substrates, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), which is also the case of our study. Atomic

• relevant for the fabrication of a FET where the properties of the gate dielectric (e.g., permittivity, leakage current, critical breakdown field) are crucial for the device operation. Results and Discussion Low temperature gate dielectric In our experiments we developed a 100 °C PE-ALD process using a PE

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• regarding the influence of solvents. For instance, one work [21] has studied the importance of temperature and supersaturation for the crystallization for HMX in γ-butyrolactone, revealing that low temperature and highly supersaturated solutions tend to increase the defects in HMX crystals. Solvent

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• efficiency of the solar cell. Therefore, the investigation of the effects of the different plasma treatments on the ZnO nanocolumns is of crucial importance. Herein, a low-temperature hydrothermal method is used to synthesize densely packed NCs on fused silica substrates covered with a ZnO seed layer, which

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• % CO conversion at 90 °C, which is a very low temperature compared to bare ZrO2. Pt(1%)-ZrO2 also showed excellent stability during CO oxidation. Through solution combustion, Pt was introduced into ZrO2 lattice yields various different synergic effects, such as enhancement of oxygen mobility and

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• materials investigated so far, ZnO delivers effective performance owing to higher band gap (≈3.3 eV) and high electron mobility (≈200–300 cm2V−1S−1) compared to conventional TiO2 [28][29]. Also, the flexibility in morphological control and the possibility of low-temperature applications also indicates that

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• milled with a Gatan PIPS II device, according to a low-energy procedure. Gentle milling was performed at low temperature (less than −100 °C with LN2 cooling) at a 6° milling angle and with beam energy of 1 keV and current of 30 µA at the beginning and of 0.1 keV and 25 µA for final polishing. Plan view

Electron energy relaxation under terahertz excitation in (Cd_1−xZn_x)₃As₂ Dirac semimetals

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Ivan V. Krylov,
• Konstantin A. Drozdov,
• Anatoly F. Knjazev,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Vasily S. Zakhvalinskii,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 167–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.17

• completely determined by the mobility temperature dependence. It is important to note that the free electron concentration in the samples studied differs by a factor of four. The low temperature mobility absolute values are very high and exceed 105 cm2/(V·s). The main tool of the study was the measurement of

Ordering of Zn-centered porphyrin and phthalocyanine on TiO₂(011): STM studies

• Piotr Olszowski,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Szymon Godlewski,
• Bartosz Such,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Res Jöhr,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 99–107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.11

• and further ordered by thermal annealing at 150–200 °C. Although the structure of the thermally annealed CuPc islands could be characterized with low temperature (LT) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), indicating that the molecules are predominantly upright-oriented, at room temperature, the

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• [23] with potential application in high energy density electrochemical supercapacitors. A promising formation method for high-quality carbon nanofoam is the low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose [24]. In order to produce advanced carbon nanomaterials, there is a need for further

• formed in the initial stage of formation. In the experiment, this is done by using low-temperature in the hydrothermal process. At higher temperature, however, further progression of growth occurs, leading to a thickening of the wall structure and an increase in mass density. We found that the

• densities can be produced by variation of the process temperature. Mircopearls are the basic units in the low-temperature foams, while connected pearls form the high-density foams. The transition from low- to high-density foams is accompanied by a change in the graphitization degree as well as a change in

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• ., screen printing) or complicated wet preparation routes that require the use of special solvents and templates [23]. Usually the sol–gel technique combined in our case with dip coating is a low temperature process; it requires less energy consumption and causes less pollution – all features that make it

Controlled supramolecular structure of guanosine monophosphate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide

• Gyeong-Hyeon Gwak,
• Istvan Kocsis,
• Yves-Marie Legrand,
• Mihail Barboiu and
• Jae-Min Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1928–1935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.184

• and II, have been reported [8]. Considering the molecular dimensions, the GMP intercalated to LDH layers at low temperature were thought to form in ribbon II supramolecular orientation (Figure 3b). At relatively high synthetic temperature, the formation of hydrogen bonds was disfavored and GMP existed

• space of LDH (GL hybrids) and its molecular arrangement was controlled to form in either single molecular orientation or ribbon-type supramolecular assembly according to synthetic conditions. At high temperature (80 and 100 °C), GMPs were separated in single molecules and at low temperature (20, 40, and

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• adherent cells as an indication of their health status. However, the moist, warm, and corrosive biological environment requires reliable packaging of the sensor chip. In this work, a second generation of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology was combined with flip-chip bonding to provide a

• medium above the capacitors. Moreover, the manufacturing of microfluidic channels in the LTCC package was demonstrated. Keywords: capacitance sensing; cell viability; lab-on-a-chip; low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC); Introduction Biosafety regulations require ethical, simple, rapid, and cost

• % humidity, and a salt-containing medium for growth). Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology in combination with flip-chip bonding is one method of producing durable, biocompatible packaging for LoCMOS devices. The advantage of the LTCC technology is the possibility of fast and simple 3D

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• annealed nanoalloys. Using different experimental measurements, we show how decreasing the size affects the magnetic properties. FeRh nanoparticles keep the ferromagnetic order at low temperature due to surface relaxation affecting the cell parameter. In the case of FeCo clusters, the environment

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• derived using the behavior of similar alloys [10] transposed onto point data [15]. The material properties of the various common passivation materials considered [16] (Table 1) are from the element library of COMSOL for SiO2 and Si3N4, and from literature for low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor

• self-heating of STT-MRAM with Tpeak that are, on average, 2.6 K higher than comparable simulations for the other considered passivation materials (low-temperature PECVD SiO2 and Si3N4, and Si3N4). This is observable in Figure 7 and Figure 8. For the extended analysis of SiO2 passivation it is observed

• (with slightly higher thermal conductivity and heat capacity compared to low-temperature PECVD SiO2) as the passivation material results in significantly higher self-heating compared to the other common passivation materials (Si3N4 and low-temperature PECVD Si3N4 and SiO2). Positive polarity leads to a

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• post-deposition heat-treatment due to the initially amorphous yield [17]. CBD is also considered as not suitable for large-scale applications unless the conventional low-temperature method is replaced by synthesis at room temperature [18]. The solar cells that rely on the CBD-grown Sb2S3 and meso

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• authors related the non-planar conformation to the ability to stabilizing different geometries with rotatable side groups, i.e., ethyl and methyl side groups [59]. Low temperature measurements are suitable for experiments with controlled tip manipulation. Indeed, Lackinger, Janson and Ho [59] were able to

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• low temperature leads to HAp crystals with needle morphology [31], which is confirmed by the SEM and TEM results of Type 1 HAp nanopowder. According to the literature review by Kehoe [50], many researchers who run synthesis at low temperatures obtained particles that were slightly thinner and longer

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• low temperature, the species reaching the surface of the substrate are not capable to diffuse over a long distance and to reach the corner regions. The shadowing effect is amplified when the film grows thicker during the deposition as the size of the residue becomes larger and the substrate regions

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• in Figure 4. It reveals a sextet pattern because of the presence of magnetic ordering. This is in accordance with both the magnetometry data below and temperature-dependent Mössbauer spectra shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6. The low-temperature data can be fitted reasonably well with

• monodispersity of the zinc ferrite nanocrystals with low-temperature superspin glass behavior. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that they can be used as a high-capacity conversion-type anode material, showing good long-term cycling performance in Li half-cells. On the basis of the results presented herein, we

• lines are the sum of the peak fits. Low-temperature Mössbauer data of as-prepared ZFO nanoparticles. The gray spectrum represents Fe3+ on tetrahedral sites, while the blue spectra correspond to Fe3+ residing on octahedral sites. The red line is the sum of the different sub-spectra. Direct-current SQUID

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• software. Differences between groups were evaluated by Student’s t-test or ANOVA followed by Bonferoni as appropriate. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant. Schematic representation of the GaN growth process on ZnO nanoparticles. (a) I – the nucleation process of GaN at low temperature, II