Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• described in detail in [64]. When the discharge is operated in methanol it is possible to obtain polyynes with an even number of carbon atoms (6 ≤ C ≤ 16) terminated by one hydrogen atom on each side. The size distribution obtained from HPLC complemented with UV–vis spectroscopy is reported in Figure 4

• . Even at low concentration it is possible to obtain a Raman spectrum from the liquid sample as shown in Figure 4a, where the low intensity of the sp signal is clear when compared to the signal of the solvent (methanol). The sp signal consititutes an asymmetrical band extending from 2000 cm−1 to 2250 cm

• polyynes and cumulenes of different lengths. Figure adapted with permission from [40], copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons. (a) Experimental Raman spectrum (1064 nm) of H-capped polyynes in methanol (5 × 10−3 M), with the pure solvent shown for comparison. (b,c) UV–vis spectra for polyynes of different

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• interaction with the target. Further, these tracks were chemically etched, leading to the formation of cylindrical pores. An aqueous solution of 5 M NaOH and 10 vol % methanol was employed for the etching process at a temperature of 50 °C. The etching rate was 2 μm/h, at three minutes of etching, resulting in

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• was mounted with a C18 column at 40 °C (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) using KH2PO4 (pH 1.8)/methanol (80:20) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The amoxicillin was detected with a set wavelength of 228 nm. The degrees of mineralization of AMX were appraised from the amount of total

Influence of size, shape and core–shell interface on surface plasmon resonance in Ag and Ag@MgO nanoparticle films deposited on Si/SiO_x

• Sergio D’Addato,
• Daniele Pinotti,
• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Guido Paolicelli,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Sergio Valeri,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Luca Bergamini and
• Stefano Corni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 404–413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.40

• were used during experiments, in particular: (i) Si with an ultrathin film of native oxide SiOx (Si/SiOx) for SEM, XPS, and optical measurements, and (ii) Carbon-coated copper grids for TEM. p-doped Si wafers with native oxide SiOx (Si/SiOx substrates) were rinsed in methanol and introduced in the

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

• Francesco De Nicola,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Ilaria Cacciotti and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

• two different film layers were obtained. Subsequently, rinsing in water and in a solution of ethanol, methanol and water (15:15:70) to remove as much surfactant as possible was performed. Samples were made uniformly depositing by the dry-transfer printing method carbon nanotube films on Carlo Erba

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• calculated amount of a ligand (57 mg CyA, 44 µL MPA, 75 mg DPA) was dissolved in 20 mL of 2-propanol (for CyA and DPA) or 20 mL 1:1 methanol/dioxane mixture (for MPA). The pH was adjusted to 11–12 with tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (TMAHP) in case of MPA and DPA, and the mixture was heated up to

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• ) for 48 h. Immunostaining After washing with PBS, fixation was carried out by immersing the cells into a 20 °C cold acetone/methanol mixture (1:1 v/v) for 10 min. Afterwards, the cells were washed three times with PBS, the unspecific binding sites were blocked with FCS, and incubation in staining

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• design and fabrication Materials and methods Polycaprolactone (PCL), Mn = 45,000 Da, chloroform (≥99.8%), methanol (≥99.9%) were obtained from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, Greece). All reagents were used without further purification and all solutions were prepared by deionised water. The nanofibrous scaffolds

• mixture of chloroform: methanol (3:1). The solution was electrospun from a 5 mL syringe with a 24 gauge needle and mass flow rate of 10–15 μL/min. A high voltage (15–20 kV) was applied to the tip of the needle when the fluid jet was ejected. The distance between the needle and the moving collector in the

• XY stage, was set at 40 mm. The glass substrates were cleaned prior to electrospinning with isopropanol and methanol and blow-dried using N2 flow. Each fabricated film was left overnight to allow the evaporation of any residual solvents. Plasma treatment After the fabrication of the electrospun

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• Immunostaining for fluorescence microscopy was used to study the alteration of the cytoskeleton upon nanoparticle exposure. Therefore, MDCK II cells were fixed after every AFM experiment by immersing the cells into a (−20 °C) acetone/methanol mixture (1:1) for 10 min. Afterwards, the cells are rinsed three times

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

• Maria Siglreitmeier,
• Baohu Wu,
• Tina Kollmann,
• Martin Neubauer,
• Gergely Nagy,
• Dietmar Schwahn,
• Vitaliy Pipich,
• Damien Faivre,
• Dirk Zahn,
• Andreas Fery and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

• (Sigma-Aldrich), FeCl3·6H2O (Sigma-Aldich), 0.1 M NaOH solution (Merck), gelatin type B (~225 Bloom, Sigma-Aldrich), 4-chloro-m-cresol (Fluka), methanol (VWR). For the preparation of the reactant solutions double-distilled and deionized (Milli-Q) water was used. All solutions were degassed with argon

• order to avoid bacterial growth, a 5 wt % solution of 4-chloro-m-cresol in methanol was added (0.15 mL per 1 g of gelatin granules). Infiltration of gelatin inside the insoluble nacre matrix The cut demineralized insoluble organic nacre pieces are put into crystallization dishes filled with 20 mL liquid

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• . Precipitation with methanol revealed that over 70% of the radioactivity was localized within the Qdot-mass, which hints at the accumulation of the isotope in the outer shell. Stability tests of the polymer-coated Qdots included dialysis, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and filtration techniques. Dialysis

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

• Maryna Abacilar,
• Fabian Daus and
• Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

• after each stepwise addition of TMOS as described in the competition experiments below. The dynamic range of modern NMR spectrometers (16 bit digitizer) is big enough to resolve the signal intensity of the organic molecule in the presence of a large methanol signal from the TMOS hydrolysis. Their

• spectra under different pH conditions are shown in Figure 5 for compound 1. Two well separated methylene groups of 1 at 2 ppm, which are not influenced by the released methanol from the added TMOS, are highlighted with a blue box. The increase of the line broadening at pH 6.5 (Figure 5a and Figure 5b

• present as a second internal standard because the splitting of the imidazole CH groups (His-Hδ and His-Hε) depends on the pH value in the region around the pKa value of the imidazole side chain. Signals of 1 which are not influenced by the resonance of the released methanol from the TMOS hydrolysis are

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• ethanol, acetone, methanol and chloroform. Furthermore, it was noted that sonication for long time periods (hours) could help to better disperse the BNNTs [17]. FMN is derived from vitamin B2 and is a well-known phosphorylated biomolecule. The interaction of vitamin B2 with BNNTs resulted in a highly

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• performance [1][2][3][4][5]. These are typical byproducts of the steam reforming process, which produces hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol or natural gas. So it is an appealing concept to couple a HT-PEMFC stack directly with a fuel processor [6][7]. These so-called auxiliary power units (APU

Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly

• Giuseppe Leone,
• Francesco Galeotti,
• William Porzio,
• Guido Scavia,
• Luisa Barba,
• Gianmichele Arrighetti,
• Giovanni Ricci,
• Chiara Botta and
• Umberto Giovanella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2450–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.254

• dried on the high vacuum line by heating at 110 °C. The reactor was charged with T30 (10 mg) and styrene (2.20 mL, 1.98 g). The polymerization was carried out at 125 °C for 100 min. When the system was cooled to room temperature, polymerization was stopped by addition of methanol (20-fold excess). The

Synthesis of radioactively labelled CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots for in vivo experiments

• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Christoph Bauer,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Jörg Heeren,
• Stephen G. Hickey and
• Alexander Eychmüller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2383–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.247

• with 4.0 µmol of ZnCl2 (92% of total ZnCl2) diluted in methanol and 41.2 µL of a 65ZnCl2/HCl solution (22.9 µg 65Zn, 0.35 µmol 65Zn, 8% of total ZnCl2, 5 µCi). The HCl and H2O were then evacuated from the flask. A mixture of 30.6 µmol stearic acid and 17.5 µmol tetramethylammonium hydroxide in methanol

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione), KH2PO4, Na2HPO4, Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HCl, and H2O2were purchased from Merck (Germany). Methanol (99.9%), SWCNTs and the lipids used for the liposome preparation (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC and cholesterol, Chol) were supplied from

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• stirred at 135 °C for 14 h under N2. After cooling, methanol was added to the residue until a precipitate formed. The green finely dispersed mixture was filtered off and purified by flash chromatography (DCM as eluent) to give 1-Pc as a green solid (174.0 mg, 58% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.91

Modification of a single-molecule AFM probe with highly defined surface functionality

• Fei Long,
• Bin Cao,
• Ashok Khanal,
• Shiyue Fang and
• Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2122–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.221

• . After rinsing with water three times, the probes were washed with methanol (two times) and chloroform (two times) and dried in a stream of argon. For amination, the probes were suspended above (3 cm) a solution of 8% (v/v) (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) in toluene in a desiccator filled with dry

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• Zwitterionic D-penicillamine (DPA, Figure 5) coated QDs were prepared according to the protocol reported by Breus et al. [61]. Carboxyl-functionalized QDs were obtained by coating CdSe/ZnS QDs with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA, Figure 5). Briefly, 100 µm DHLA, 20 μL methanol and 0.25 mg CdSe/ZnS QDs were mixed and

• mixing 0.5 mg QDs with a deaerated solution of 63 mg cysteamine (Figure 5) hydrochloride in 7 mL methanol. After sonication for 1 h at 60 °C, the solution was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min. The pellet was redissolved in milliQ water. If necessary, the centrifugation

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• ) zinc acetate dihydrate and 8 mL of methanol. After stirring at 60 °C for 30 min and cooling to room temperature the mixture was centrifuged at 2500g for 40 min and the solid was redispersed in 15 mL of ethanol and centrifuged again. The washing procedure was repeated two more times. The yield was 236

• mg (95%). For the labelled nanoparticles, 3 μmol (2.3 mg) of MDPI dissolved in 8 mL of methanol were added instead of the pure methanol. The yield was 204 mg (83%). All particles were stored as dispersions in ethanol. ζ-potential in water: +47.3 mV; labelled: +60.7 mV. DLS: 144 nm, unlabelled; 309 nm

Photodetectors based on carbon nanotubes deposited by using a spray technique on semi-insulating gallium arsenide

• Domenico Melisi,
• Maria Angela Nitti,
• Marco Valentini,
• Antonio Valentini,
• Teresa Ligonzo,
• Giuseppe De Pascali and
• Marianna Ambrico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1999–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.208

• the photodetectors. In order to obtain the final devices, the substrates were first degreased in acetone and methanol, after that they were etched for 30 s in a fresh solution of H2SO4/H2O2/H2O (4:1:1), then rinsed in methanol and double-distilled water and finally dried with nitrogen. Two different

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• support for application in direct methanol fuel cells. For this, Xu et al. prepared CNOs decorated with Pt nanoparticles (Pt-CNO) and compared the performance of this novel catalyst material with common Pt/Vulcan XC-72 with encouraging results [66]. The novel Pt-CNO catalyst showed a higher surface area

• and smaller Pt particle size (3.05 nm vs 4.10 nm) than the reference system and the catalytic activity for the electro oxidation of methanol was increased by about 20%, rendering CNOs as a promising catalyst support for fuel cells. Terahertz-shielding: In recent years, terahertz devices, circuits and

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• to the polar end groups in the shell, the particles are soluble in polar organic solvents and the second stage of the endcapping procedure was performed in methanol. Subsequently, amine functionalized poly(organosiloxane) nanoparticles POS-NH2 in water were obtained after dialysis in 2-(N-morpholino

• )ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer and water. As shown in Scheme 1, the surface of the particles can be loaded with physical charges by alkylation of the amine groups to guarantee the positive charge of the surface independent from salt conditions. For this purpose, POS-NH2 nanoparticles in methanol were reacted

• (–COOH) terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, molecular weight ca. 2 kDa) was reacted through a coupling reaction mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) in methanol (PEG@POS-NH2). Finally, the combination of both modification steps was achieved, which yields sterically

Controlling the optical and structural properties of ZnS–AgInS₂ nanocrystals by using a photo-induced process

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Fumihiro Morigaki and
• Tadashi Kawazoe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1767–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.187

• crystal growth in this annealing process, irradiation with light was introduced to control the size and crystallinity. Step (3): Large particles were removed from the resulting suspension by centrifugation. By adding methanol, the ZAIS nanocrystals were separated from the supernatant. Figure 2a and Figure