Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• present scenario and promotes novel, environmentally friendly remedial measures, regulatory policies, cooperative initiatives to combat microplastic pollution, and vulnerabilities in the fragile Himalayan freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Keywords: biofilms; freshwater system; Himalayan lakes; microplastic

• transparency, a “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) flow diagram (Figure 1) is provided to describe the article selection process. 3 Vulnerability of Himalayan lake ecosystems to microplastic pollution This section presents the environmental setting and vulnerability

• pollution; nanotechnology; remediation; Review 1 Introduction The Himalayan lakes, often known as the “Water Towers of Asia,” serve an important role in biodiversity conservation, downstream hydraulic management, and supplying freshwater supplies to millions of people. Sau et al. explain that Pangong

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• predominant source of microplastic. In a study performed by Liu et al. [22], it was observed that the petrochemical industry plays a major role in microplastic pollution. Crude oil undergoes extraction, refining, and cracking to yield low-molecular-weight monomers like ethylene and propylene. These monomers

• are later polymerised to produce various plastic materials. This results in the release of microplastic particles, which enter into wastewater treatment facilities through industrial effluents. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the major contributors to microplastic pollution in the environment

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• related to microplastics predominantly emphasize plastic waste reduction and recycling, without establishing clear regulatory thresholds for microplastic concentrations in water and soil [86]. Given the well-documented environmental and biological hazards posed by microplastic pollution, biochar’s