Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• without compromising the carbon nanotubes' aspect ratio, strength and size. The mechanical response of these composite beams under bending is studied in molecular dynamics simulations and nanomanipulation experiments. The behavior of this system has been studied at both theoretical and experimental levels

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• are also suitable for nanomanipulation due to their high lateral spring constants. The combination of low normal spring constant and high lateral spring constants makes V-shaped cantilevers promising candidates for imaging soft matter. Although these cantilevers are widely used in the field, there are

• stiffness and high lateral stiffness. Therefore, they can apply low forces to soft matter in normal mode while having a stable lateral mode. Additionally, their high lateral stiffness is advantageous in nanomanipulation applications moving particles over surfaces [12]. Morris stated in his book that

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• optimize accuracy and computational costs, a new nonclassical modeling of the nanomanipulation process based on the modified couple stress theory is proposed that includes the size effects. To this end, after simulating the critical times and forces that are required for the onset of nanoparticle motion on

• of the classical method on polystyrene nanorods. The results for cylindrical gold nanoparticles indicate that the material length scale has a major effect on the exact positioning of cylindrical nanoparticles. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; modified couple stress theory; nanomanipulation

• . They used the single-walled carbon nanotubes as a probe and performed a series of simulations for studying the effects of various conditions on the success of the nanomanipulation process. They also studied two different strategies for protein manipulation [23]. In another study, using molecular

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• removal step prior to nanomanipulation experiments, can have extensive effects on the mobility of Au NPs. Conclusion Chemically synthesized Au NPs with a medium diameter of 14 nm were annealed at 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C for 1 h. Untreated particles had irregular faceted shapes. Annealing resulted in

• of the SiO2 layer. Both processes are highly temperature-dependent, exhibiting drastic enhancement above 700 °C. Overall, we demonstrated that heat treatment, which is widely used for surfactant removal prior to nanomanipulation experiments, can have an extensive effect on the mobility of Au NPs

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• units through their mutual interactions [1]. The term “nanoarchitectonics” coined at the "MANA" research center (Nanoscale Materials Division of the National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS) in Japan) is based on five main concepts: i) controlled self-organization, ii) chemical nanomanipulation

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• ” research field is leading to new technological advances in the area of engineering and materials science. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; dissipation; friction; mesoscale; nanomanipulation; nanoscale; scale bridging; structural lubricity; superlubricity; Introduction Friction, the force that resists

• research would exceed our resources, and take us too far in extent. We organize the selected topics in sections as follows: We first report on the progress in nanomanipulation, i.e., controlled movements at the nanometer scale. The successive section focuses on nano-confined lubrication. Then section

• ][58][60][61]. Occasionally, AFM nanomanipulation is also combined with scanning electron microscopy, which then allows for a very defined interaction with the nanostructures and in situ monitoring of their movement [62][63][64]. An instructive example of the capabilities of such AFM-assisted

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• , but also by the interactions of the NPs and silicon substrate during nanomanipulation in AFM in tapping mode [23]. Despite its inertness [24], Au NPs can be relatively easily functionalized with organic ligands resulting in the formation of stable colloids [23][25]. The possibility of changing the

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• nanomanipulation approaches. The top-down approach involves lithography, etching and coating technologies to fabricate device structures from bulk materials or thin films [7][19][23][39][47][48][49][50]. The combined approach of fabricating NEM switches requires subsequent transfer and alignment of synthesized

• nanostructures (nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, graphene) with a good uniformity and desired properties. The microfabrication routine may be supplemented with some bottom-up approaches. Dielectrophoresis [33], controlled nanomaterial growth [34], and nanomanipulation [9] have been demonstrated as useful methods

• . Several CNT-based relays and switches have been fabricated using the bottom-up arrangement of CNTs, including dielectrophoresis [33], controlled growth of CNTs [34][37], dispersion coating [12][35][36], nanomanipulation [15][32] techniques and electron beam lithography/metal sputtering for the fabrication

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• powder was used to glue NWs to an Au probe with conductive epoxy CW2400 to obtain free-standing single-clamped NW specimens. A SmarAct 13D nanomanipulation system with an additional vacuum-compatible micro stepper-motor (Faulhaber ADM0620) was staged into a field emission scanning electron microscope

• generator (Agilent N9310A) and a DC voltage source (Keithley 6430) were connected to probes mounted on nanomanipulation system. A frequency tunable AC voltage provided by a signal generator was applied across the NW and the countering Au tip. At excitations near the natural resonance frequency of the NW

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• phenomenon is still far from being achieved. This review aims at summarizing the current state of the art in the perspective of achieving control over the rippling process on polymers at a nanoscale level. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); films; nanomanipulation; nanomechanics; polymers; ripples

• therefore of polymer nanomanipulation requires a precise knowledge of all the parameters involved in the process. With the increasing number of observations, various models have been put forward to explain the occurrence of the nanopatterns. The main mechanisms proposed for nanopatterning induced by means

• scratching angles of 90 and 0°, 90 and 45°, and 0 and 45° in two-step machining, they have been able to fabricate an array of dot and diamond-dot structures with very controlled size and orientation, demonstrating in this way the capability, from a “nanomanipulation” point of view, of the AFM ripple

Nanomanipulation and environmental nanotechnology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Carlos M. Pina and
• Udo Becker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2079–2080, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.216

• ), diffraction methods and advanced chemical analysis. Furthermore, one has often to deal with tiny particles, whose study frequently requires their nanomanipulation. One advantage of scanning probe techniques is that they allow interacting directly with the particles and displacing them in a controlled way on

• nanoparticles on enamel is important in dental applications, as shown by AFM nanomanipulation experiments. The motion of nanoparticles on a surface can be also driven by quartz tuning forks coupled to scanning electron microscopy. As mentioned above, these techniques hold great potential for a better

Manipulation of nanoparticles of different shapes inside a scanning electron microscope

• Boris Polyakov,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Leonid M. Dorogin,
• Jelena Butikova,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Sven Oras,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Ilmar Kink

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.13

• and compared with the experimentally measured force. The effect of NP morphology on the nanoscale friction is discussed. Keywords: contact mechanics; nanomanipulation; nanoparticles; nanotribology; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Introduction The manipulation of nanoparticles (NPs) is a powerful

• coatings of NPs for nanomanipulation experiments. NPs demonstrate many intriguing phenomena, which are important for nanotribology and nanotechnology in general, for example low-temperature melting [2], vanishing friction [3], contact aging [4], etc. The frictional properties of NPs have been extensively

• place in the vicinity of the NP–substrate interface [10]. For instance, in most of the nanomanipulation experiments NPs are considered to be spherical (described by the diameter only) [9][11][12][13][14], and the roughness of the substrate is neglected by assuming it to be atomically flat. Significantly

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

• ; nanomanipulation; Introduction Nano-objects are continually studied in tribological applications and increasingly in other applications that require controlled manipulation and targeting in liquid environments. The need for suitable forms of lubrication for micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and the

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• integrated computers, microscale intelligence system, communication tools would be possible within the near future [2]. However, for new nanotechnology products, there are still many problems to be solved such as nanomanipulation which has a great impact on nanometer scale expertise. By manipulation of

• nanoscale objects (nano-objects), we mean using external force for positioning or assembling objects in two (2-D) or three (3-D) dimensions by twisting, bending, picking-and-placing, or pushing and pulling them [3]. Nanomanipulation is a complex 3-D problem. Because mechanical and chemical properties of

• , the applicability of contact AFM to nanomanipulation was limited to relatively large objects (tens of nanometers in size). The latest results obtained by Custance et al. show that it is now possible to manipulate single atoms using NC-AFM [12]. Byungsoo Kim et al. [13] have also proposed a new

A collisional model for AFM manipulation of rigid nanoparticles

• Enrico Gnecco

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 158–162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.19

• results are provided for symmetric nanostars. As a result, orienting the fast scan direction perpendicular to the desired direction of motion and reducing b well below the linear size of the particles turns out to be an efficient way to control the nanomanipulation process. Keywords: atomic force

• microscopy; nanomanipulation; nanoparticles; Introduction Quite soon after its invention, it became clear that atomic force microscopy (AFM) could be used not only for maging but also for manipulating nano-objects [1][2]. This possibility has produced spectacular results and last, but not least, it has