Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• (sunscreens, antiseptics) or those meant to enter viable skin (dermatotherapy, cosmetics), respectively. With the increasing use of nanoscale architectures in all of these fields, the question as to whether a nanomaterial deposited on the skin surface is capable of penetrating horny layers and reaching viable

• dermatological perspective. Results and Discussion Skin barrier translocation of nanomaterials The first contact of nanomaterial occurs with the horny layers of terminally differentiated corneocytes. Pathways across the intact stratum corneum have been postulated for some, mostly deformable, particles, such as

• relevant immune response [12][13][14]. Furthermore, low penetration rates may become relevant, when large skin surface areas come in contact with the respective nanomaterial, or when repetitive exposure occurs over prolonged time periods. The susceptibility to artefacts also underlines the value of methods

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• revealed to be a promising nanomaterial that attracts a growing interest among researchers and opens new avenues for investigation. Preparation and structural properties of carbon nano-onions Carbon nano-onions were first discovered by Ugarte in 1992, who obtained them by intense electron irradiation of

• , grants the future investigation of the applications of CNOs in a variety of fields. The characteristic properties of CNOs render them of great interest for a large number of applications, as we will elucidate in the corresponding section of this review article. The diameter of the CNO nanomaterial

• ), when referring to CNOs. In this review article, we have usually included the diameter of the utilized CNO nanomaterial, together with their fabrication method. If there are any divergent structural properties from the common definition of CNOs observed, we have included this information as well. High

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• size of the nanomaterial itself [87][88][89], as well as on the presence of metal contaminants and the residues of the GO preparation method in graphene samples [90]. Biomedical applications of graphene and its derivatives range from photothermal tumour ablation therapy to biosensors, from gene therapy

Room temperature, ppb-level NO₂ gas sensing of multiple-networked ZnSe nanowire sensors under UV illumination

• Sunghoon Park,
• Soohyun Kim,
• Wan In Lee,
• Kyoung-Kook Kim and
• Chongmu Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1836–1841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.194

• increasing UV illumination intensity from 0 to 1.2 mW/cm2. The results show that ZnSe nanowires are also a promising nanomaterial for the fabrication of NO2 gas sensors when used at room temperature. In addition, the enhanced response of the ZnSe nanowires under UV illumination to NO2 gas might be due to (1

• NO2 gas in the dark and under 365 nm UV illumination at 1.2 mW/cm2. (a) Electrical response and (b) response and recovery times of ZnSe nanowire gas sensors under UV (365 nm) illumination for different UV illumination intensities. Responses of various nanomaterial gas sensors to NO2 gas

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Manfred Kluwig and
• Thomas Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1815–1822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.192

• 2011 on the definition of particulate nanomaterial, or for other forthcoming regulations in the future. Experimental The experimental procedures described below are in full agreement with the practical guide for particle size characterization published by NIST [22]. Sample preparation A well-prepared

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• account that the concentration of 100 µg/mL is physiologically unrealistic and cannot be reached in vivo. It is conceivable that in addition to the direct nanoparticle impact on cells, that unspecific effects due to an overloading of the cells with nanomaterial could occur [36]. This would lead to

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• comprehensive and accurate characterization of the material under physiological conditions is crucial to correlate the observed biological impact with defined colloidal properties. As promising candidates for biomedical applications, two SiO2-based nanomaterial systems were chosen for extensive size

• the particles and therefore their effective size, especially under physiological conditions. Thus, the biological identity of a nanomaterial is clearly influenced by differentiating surface properties. Keywords: nanomaterial characterization; physiological conditions; surface properties; silica

• materials with identical chemical composition can differ significantly depending on whether the compound is applied as bulk material or as nanomaterial (NM). The presence of NMs in daily life products, the need for a health risk estimation that arises from this presence and potential applications in the

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• laboratory equipment, technical know-how and, additionally, for the generation of a nanomaterial aerosol in a reproducible manner. A recent review prepared by toxicologists and aerosol scientists states the urgent need for further developments of in vitro cell exposure studies including those at the air

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• ; protein; zeta potential; Introduction Blending nanotechnology with biomaterials has received keen attention due to a growing need to develop environmentally benign technologies by applying green chemistry principles towards greener nanomaterial syntheses. For metal or metal oxide nanoparticles targeted

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• unique properties such as the variety of surface modifications and their convenient synthesis [9][10][15]. Though, the biological influence of such type of NP and its correlation with the physico-chemical properties of the nanomaterial, such as size, density, and surface chemistry are still not

• a key strategy to systematically establish nanomaterial structure–activity relationships (nanoSAR) [30]. Such assays and respective platforms are required to investigate the sheer endless number of bio-physico-chemical interactions occurring at the nano–bio interface. Besides already applied

• enzymatic/biochemical assays [30], we, here, present an automated high-throughput microscopy based approach, generally applicable to reliably and reproducibly assessing the cell vitality following exposure to nanomaterial. By uUsing the ArrayScan® VTI fluorescence microscopy imaging platform [31], we

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• deadly B. anthracis spores and vegetative cells. However the limited work still underscores the potential of a nanomaterial-mediated decontamination of BW agents. Prasad et al. [13] have reported some degree of deactivation of B. anthracis cells by UV light assisted TiO2 nanoparticles at a dosage ranging

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• for a protective mechanism can possibly be drawn from a control experiment performed in the course of the current trial. Since the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is to a large extend attributable to silver ions dissolving from nanomaterial compounds [77], we controlled this effect by co-incubating

DNA origami deposition on native and passivated molybdenum disulfide substrates

• Xiaoning Zhang,
• Masudur Rahman,
• David Neff and
• Michael L. Norton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.58

• energy harvesting applications [17]. Compared to conventional semiconductor materials such as silicon, MoS2 is readily processed as a prototypical nanomaterial. MoS2 nanosheets, nanofibers, and nanorods have been prepared [15], which means the material could readily be used to construct electronic

Exploring the complex mechanical properties of xanthan scaffolds by AFM-based force spectroscopy

• Hao Liang,
• Guanghong Zeng,
• Yinli Li,
• Shuai Zhang,
• Huiling Zhao,
• Lijun Guo,
• Bo Liu and
• Mingdong Dong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 365–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.42

• persistence length were responsible for the macroscopic polymer behavior. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the mechanical response of polymer complexes after manipulation. In this study, the morphologies and mechanical properties of complex xanthan scaffolds, a new nanomaterial, were

Challenges in realizing ultraflat materials surfaces

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Wataru Nomura,
• Fabrice Stehlin,
• Olivier Soppera,
• Makoto Naruse and
• Motoichi Ohtsu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 875–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.99

• optical near fields are continuously present around illuminated materials. These so-called virtual absorption and emission processes violate the energy conservation law but are consistent with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and to take these processes into account, nanomaterial can be considered to

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• applications is the tuning of the CNT surface properties. In this context, functionalization (i.e., the grafting of chemical groups (molecules or particles) on the surface of the nanomaterial) has been reported to give excellent results, with the drawback that it negatively impacts on the alignment of the VA

• -containing compounds are exclusively grafted on the outer surface of the VA-CNT forest. A radio-frequency glow-discharge H2O-plasma etching method was used in 2002 by Huang and Dai [21], to purify the VA-CNTs. During VA-CNT synthesis, a thin layer of amorphous carbon covers the aligned nanomaterial film [107

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• , pharmacy and functional textiles [17][20]. By employing these one-dimensional (1-D) polymer fibres as structure-directing templates for nanomaterial synthesis, 1-D oxide materials are accessible. This process is called TUFT (tubes by fibre templates) [17][18] and typically uses an electrospinning technique

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• The synthesis of elemental iron-based nanoparticles (i.e., with elemental iron rather than iron oxides) and their stable dispersion in aqueous media, has remained one of the most attractive goals in magnetic nanomaterial engineering. Elemental iron (Fe) has a higher magnetization than that of metal