Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• structure in which the alkane molecules are fully extended and are oriented at 90° with respect to the lamella axis. This monolayer structure is identical to that reported earlier [26]. After thoroughly understanding and optimization of the self-assembly behavior of BA-OC14 and n-C50 at the 1-phenyloctane

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• may tentatively be explained by a molecular superstructure that is formed owing to the optimization of the intermolecular coupling. This might be facilitated by very low energy barriers, which are even lower than those observed for C42H28 on Au(111), for translational and rotational degrees of freedom

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly toxic [4][5]. Recently, research in the field of nanotechnology has focused on trying to find solutions for some of the most serious environmental issues, such as energy conversion, and for the optimization of biomedical applications. Their small size, shape variability

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• (SERS); TiO2 nanostructures; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a sensing tool requires the optimization of a surface and its functionalization. The surface should provide a good enhancement over a large range of wavelengths, to detect molecules with various fingerprints, while it

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• present work also exhibit a diameter distribution with a certain width. However, we believe that the distribution could be narrowed by further optimization of the technological processes. Note that the diameter of a particular nanowire is determined by the width of the space charge region (SCR) set up

• excitation power densities (around 800 mW·cm−2) but with radiation of 532 nm wavelength [36]. At the same time, the authors of [36] succeeded to improve the detectivity of the NW FET detector by one order of magnitude and also to attain record responsivities of the order of 1 kA·W−1 after optimization of the

• carrier concentration in the GaAs NWs and of the photodetector design. We suppose that the parameters of IR photodetectors based on nanowires prepared by anodization can also be significantly improved after corresponding optimization. A drawback of photoconductive detectors based on semiconductor

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• parameters from Figure 6, providing the predicted relationship between the elastic and viscous material response. The results are provided in Figure 7. It is critical to reiterate that each set of optimization parameters is not unique. There is a theoretically unlimited number of distinct parameter groupings

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Christian Ritz,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

• found from their ratio which otherwise only depends on the parameters of the applied modulation, Uac and Udc. When applying KFM as an open-loop technique, optimization of filter parameters is possible, leading to an improved controller performance [16]. For correct height measurements, it is necessary

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

Stochastic excitation for high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging: a system theory approach

• Edgar Cruz Valeriano,
• José Juan Gervacio Arciniega,
• Christian Iván Enriquez Flores,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Joel Moreno Palmerin,
• Martín Adelaido Hernández Landaverde,
• Yuri Lizbeth Chipatecua Godoy,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta,
• Rafael Ramírez Bon and
• José Martín Yañez Limón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 703–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.58

• cantilever using white-noise as an excitation signal and the FFT algorithm. These resonance frequencies were fitted according to a database, which was computed using the free cantilever model described in Equation 21 and the particle swarm optimization algorithm [33][34][35][36], in order to obtain the

• database has 10000 cantilevers where L ∈ [440,500] µm, a ∈ [40,50] µm, b ∈ [1,3] µm. The optimization criteria are where erms is the root mean square error, fn is the n-th measured free resonance frequency, and is the n-th theoretical free resonance frequency. For this work, using this optimization

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• particularly important in the design and optimization of devices based on the plasmon effect. Experimental Ag nanostructures were prepared on borosilicate glass (Corning 1737F) and Si substrates. In both cases, the substrates were cleaned with acetylacetone and then rinsed in ethanol. Thin Ag films (1–9 nm

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• crushed into uniform powder using a mortar and pestle. The resultant powder was then annealed at 700 °C for 6 h and further characterized to confirm the presence of CB-Hap NRs as shown in Figure 7. The optimization of parameters such as reaction time, pH, temperature, and concentration plays a key role in

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• proteins, as shown recently [141], brings great promises to liquid biopsy. With the aim of reaching real-world applications, the current assays, which have demonstrated functionality under laboratory conditions, require optimization to be incorporated into point-of-care diagnostic tools. Lateral flow tests

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• reported in Tables 1, 2 and 3 for the examples described in this section. Formulation optimization As mentioned in the introduction of this review, there are many requirements an optimized nanovector needs to fulfil, i.e., biocompatibility, a controlled size between 20 and 200 nm, the highest possible

• ® use endogenous proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) to take care of the drug traffic. In the case of PS and PDT, a first example has been described after a structural optimization of the PS (modified indocyanine) [131]. It is also noteworthy that human serum albumin has also been used in another

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• involves critical optimization of the sensor platforms. The length of the target oligonucleotide sequence and the selective use of dopants significantly dominate the sensing efficacy [63]. In this context, electrochemical DNA sensors were developed by noncovalent layer-by-layer assemblies of phenothiazine

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• , which can lead to an overall reduction of material usage and waste. Mathies et al. [24] report the fabrication and optimization of multipass inkjet-printed PSCs. Here, the thickness and grain size of the perovskite films were controlled during multipass inkjet printing of a MAPbI3-ink yielding PSCs with

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• the optimization of epitaxial growth to achieve the lowest possible dislocation density. Most often, GaN is produced in the LED industry by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) in a heteroepitaxial process on sapphire substrates [4]. The lattice parameter mismatch of ca. 13.8% between GaN

• represents the percentage of generated photons that can leave the LED chip and take part in light emission [9]. During extraction efficiency optimization, surface structuring of the N-polar GaN surface was found to increase light emission 4-fold, compared to the untreated surface [10]. Because of this

An investigation on the drag reduction performance of bioinspired pipeline surfaces with transverse microgrooves

• Weili Liu,
• Hongjian Ni,
• Peng Wang and
• Yi Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 24–40, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.3

• had the same influence on the drag in the pipe and under annulus flow conditions: the pressure drag decreased with increasing distance. Meanwhile, the viscous drag increased as the distance increased, which led to a DRR that first increased and then decreased. Optimization of the microgrooves

• . Comparison of empirical and simulated viscous coefficients of the pipe flow. Grooves’ parameters optimization by orthogonal analysis in a pipe flow model. Orthogonal test range analysis. Approximate Reynolds number range of commonly used drilling fluid in drilling sites. Acknowledgements The authors express

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• . A directed tailoring of the active sites in the carbon material is a prerequisite for a knowledge-based optimization of the ORR activity. As reported by Lai et al. [18], this can be achieved to a certain extent by varying the reaction temperature and the utilization of different N(C) precursors

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• nanoparticles are formed in the internal cavities and pile-ups of cavities. Raman spectroscopy of the hierarchical Ag/Cu substrates Microstructure optimization with different machining parameters The AgNO3 solution corrosion time and different machining parameters have a significant influence on the performance

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• an AVT of 26%, is illustrated in a photograph in Figure 1c. The initial results show the excellent perspective of this type of solar cell. However, it should be noted that the AVT requirement for semitransparent solar cells generally refers to the complete stack. Thus, further optimization of the HTM

• deposition technique for its ability to produce pure phase Sb2S3, but also on the capability of the specific deposition equipment to produce films with superior uniformity in thickness, i.e., nanometer precision, which USP can provide after some optimization. Influence of storage time on PV performance of

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• implantation, we did not observe single emitters. We achieved a spontaneous emission enhancement by a factor of up to 20 for the silicon monovacancies achieving several Mcts/s in a single pillar from the ensemble of emitters. Based on our results we foresee further optimization and studies of the micropillar

• optimization of the photonic structure, from quality and quantity of color centers, over unit-specific surface area as well as unit volume, to the size, shape and relative positioning of the micropillars, will be needed for specific applications. (a–d) Fabrication steps to obtain the 4H-SiC micropillars. (e–h

• fabricated the samples and performed micro PL at low temperature. F.A.I. performed the COMSOL modeling and provided insight into the models' results. S.H. and H.v.B. performed the low-temperature micro PL experiment in the IR. A.F.A. performed micro PL at room temperature. S.-I.S. aided on the optimization

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• straight (due to their shorter length), a similar optimization of the process parameters could improve this issue further. The cantilevers shown in Figure 1c have a peculiar shape with SU8 residues sticking out in a cross at the free end of the SU8 cantilever. This is due to the scattering of the light

A novel method to remove impulse noise from atomic force microscopy images based on Bayesian compressed sensing

• Yingxu Zhang,
• Yingzi Li,
• Zihang Song,
• Zhenyu Wang,
• Jianqiang Qian and
• Junen Yao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2346–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.225

• elements of α are zero. Equation 1 can be rewritten as where Γ = Φ × Ψ ∈ RN×N. Since the number of measurements M is smaller than the number of unknowns N, Equation 2 cannot be solved directly. Because there are some zero elements in α, the solution of Equation 2 can be expressed as an L0-norm optimization

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• properties and the AFAM image will reflect the stiffness changes [29]. After parameter optimization, we selected a resonance frequency of 38.41 kHz and a reference point value of 0.1 V. To ensure comparability of the stiffness measurements of the different SU-8 substrates, the acoustic images were recorded

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197