Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• the calcination temperature and the presence of an oxidizing or neutral atmosphere. Furthermore, to demonstrate the application potential of the synthesized MnOx species, we studied their catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in aprotic media. Linear sweep voltammetry revealed the best

• oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), linear sweep measurements were carried out. Figure 9 shows linear sweep measurements recorded at 50 mV/s comparing the activity of various 10% MnOx/carbon electrodes to a pure carbon electrode as a reference material for the ORR in aprotic electrolyte. The ORR peak

• mechanistic study on the electrocatalytic activities of the different MnOx species for the aprotic oxygen reduction reaction is reported elsewhere [40]. Conclusion In summary, a polyol synthesis was presented yielding rectangular, Mn(II) glycolate nanoparticles with dimensions of 17 ± 8 nm. Particle sizes of

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• , releasing electrons into an external circuit to do electrical work before they pass to the cathode for consumption in the oxygen reduction reaction. It is well known that the performance of SOFC anodes, typically composites of nickel metal with a zirconia or ceria ionic conductor, is degraded by sulfur

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• EDTA and re-complexes after fresh addition of Fe(II) (Scheme 2). Furthermore, Fe–tpy–GO was tested as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and found to be durable against carbon monoxide poisoning and to exhibit a higher fuel selectivity compared with commercially available Pt/C electro

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but it is very expensive. To reduce the Pt loading and therefore the cost for the electrocatalyst, Pt-containing alloys and structured nanoparticles, e.g., “core–shell” materials with less expensive metals are being investigated. Alkaline fuel cells are

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• bimetallic (Pt–Co, Pt–Fe, Pt–Ni, Pt–Pd) nanocrystals with octahedral and cubic shape and examined their facet-dependent catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Guo and co-workers [33] synthesized FePt and CoPt nanowires by organic-phase decomposition and demonstrated that these systems

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• oxygen reduction reaction [46][47][48] have been reported. Synthesis of Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles Here we report the selective formation of aromatic hydrocarbons from CO2 hydrogenation reactions catalyzed by an Fe/Fe3O4 nanocatalyst. Recently, Sun’s group reported a facile method for synthesizing highly

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

• Michaela Nebel,
• Thomas Erichsen and
• Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

• elevated temperatures was recently described in [18]. In this contribution, we demonstrate the feasibility of 4D SF/CD-SECM to the topography-corrected investigation of the oxygen consumption profile of catalyst spots using commercially available model catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

• Josef C. Meier,
• Carolina Galeano,
• Ioannis Katsounaros,
• Jonathon Witte,
• Hans J. Bongard,
• Angel A. Topalov,
• Claudio Baldizzone,
• Stefano Mezzavilla,
• Ferdi Schüth and
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 44–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

• facile hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode side as well as the more sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode side of the fuel cell [2]. The state of the art electrocatalyst for both electrodes are Pt or Pt-alloys dispersed in the form of nanoparticles on a carbon support, in

Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

• Ana M. Gómez-Marín,
• Ruben Rizo and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.108

• Ana M. Gomez-Marin Ruben Rizo Juan M. Feliu Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apt. 99, Alicante, E-03080, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.4.108 Abstract The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a pivotal process in electrochemistry. Unfortunately, after decades of intensive research, a

• electrocatalysts for fuel-cell cathodes is only possible through a cooperative approach between theory and experiments. Keywords: hydrogen peroxide oxidation; hydrogen peroxide reduction; oxygen reduction; Pt(111); stepped surfaces; Introduction Nowadays, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is arguably one of

• higher PtO coverages that could further produce more oxidized forms. In these latter cases, however, the surface will start to disorder and would no longer be a flat, well-ordered Pt(111) surface. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt(111) The cyclic voltammetric profile (CV) for the ORR on Pt(111), in

Lithium peroxide crystal clusters as a natural growth feature of discharge products in Li–O₂ cells

• Tatiana K. Zakharchenko,
• Anna Y. Kozmenkova,
• Daniil M. Itkis and
• Eugene A. Goodilin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 758–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.86

• oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This feature limits the rechargeability of Li–O2 cells, but at the same time it can be beneficial for both capacity improvement and gain in recharge rate if a proper liquid phase mediator can be found. Keywords: lithium–air batteries; lithium peroxide; oxygen reduction

• reaction; Findings The idea to utilize oxygen as an oxidizer in rechargeable batteries has been kept in mind for a long time because of the easy availability of O2 in ambient air. Alkali metal negative electrodes were always attractive for metal–oxygen (metal–air) batteries as they show record parameters

Electrochemical and electron microscopic characterization of Super-P based cathodes for Li–O₂ batteries

• Mario Marinaro,
• Santhana K. Eswara Moorthy,
• Jörg Bernhard,
• Ludwig Jörissen,
• Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens and
• Ute Kaiser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 665–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.74

• products during the operation of a typical Li–O2 battery. In this context, recently published literature [1][2][3] gives new insights about the mechanism through which the reduction and the oxidation of oxygen occur in aprotic environments. During discharge, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) proceeds in

Novel composite Zr/PBI-O-PhT membranes for HT-PEFC applications

• Mikhail S. Kondratenko,
• Igor I. Ponomarev,
• Marat O. Gallyamov,
• Dmitry Y. Razorenov,
• Yulia A. Volkova,
• Elena P. Kharitonova and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 481–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.57

• of the AL and models the following processes: charge-transfer during the oxygen reduction reaction, double layer charging and ohmic losses due to finite proton conductivity of the AL. The following parameters were obtained as a result of the impedance spectra approximation: the undistributed ohmic

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• their structural defects [110]. The fuel cell [111], discovered in 1839 by Sir William Grove [112], is a device in which the production of electricity is due to oxidation on a fuel reducer electrode coupled to the reduction of an oxidant on the other electrode. The oxygen reduction reaction plays a key