Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• developed a smart textile garment by embedding a strain sensor into an ordinary garment. For the piezoelectric effect, the conductive blend was applied onto the fabric, which resulted in a change in resistance under strain. This phenomenon was used in gloves, car seats, and leotards for determining body

• fibers obtained from the 16 wt % solution compared to the solutions of 12 and 14 wt %. The crystallinity was calculated from the XRD diffractograms and came out to be 52.3%, 54.6%, and 57.7% for the fibers made from 12, 14, and 16 wt % solutions, respectively. This phenomenon can be correlated with the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• to the long molecular chains. When the molecular weight is low, instead of thin fibers, droplets of the solution will be ejected, which is a phenomenon known as electrospraying [18]. Along its way to the ground collector, the polymer jet undergoes several fluctuations. The jet will initially travel a

• presence of excess ions. Additionally, they have reported that with very high ionic conductivity, the polymer failed to even form the Taylor cone. Uyar and Besenbacher have also observed a similar phenomenon using DMF solvent of different grades having different conductivities [41]. Also, they have shown

• , the increase of temperature permits further movement of the polymer chains. This results in a lower solution viscosity allowing the fibers to stretch well during spinning, which leads to thinner fibers. It is reported that at low temperatures, the phenomenon of low evaporation is dominant while at

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• teeth of both gears start jiggling around. Moreover, there is a finite phase-shift or time delay for the second gear compared to the first one, whose trajectory is a linear straight line. This phenomenon is due to the nonzero distance between the teeth of both gears during their collective rotation

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• designed to coat objects with thin film materials. Sputtering is the physical phenomenon describing the ejection of atoms from a surface bombarded by fast particles such as noble gas cations. These ions can be produced in a low-pressure plasma and accelerated towards a negatively biased surface, that is

• . This rather complex phenomenon named target poisoning has been discussed and modeled in, for instance, [57][58][59][60]. The value of the critical reactive gas flow depends on parameters such as the volume of the deposition chamber and the system pumping speed, the electrical power applied to the

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• or by leakage of the metal ions from the core surface, causing oxidative stress. This phenomenon can be controlled by coating the NPs with polymeric shells, which enhances their biocompatibility and stability [40]. All drug-loaded samples exhibited a dose-dependent response. Among DOX-loaded NPs, ZFO

• efflux chemotherapeutic drugs, a phenomenon known as MDR. P-glycoprotein belongs to the ABCB1 family of ABC proteins and is involved in the efflux of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vincristine, rhodamine, and etoposide [63]. Conversely, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a member of the ABCC1

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• strongly redshifted in comparison to plasmon platform characteristics (Figure 3). This phenomenon is directly related to Mie’s theory and can be caused by changes of the electric permittivity over the gold nanostructures [7][8][33]. A shift is also observed in structures with an additional ultrathin Al2O3

• . Interestingly, no transition caused by the electric dipole (615 nm, typical for Eu3+ ions) was observed in the emission spectrum for both kinds of metal oxide matrix. The main emission peak corresponds to the transition occurring via magnetic dipole, which is independent of the host matrix. Such a phenomenon

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• dielectric constant with increasing frequency is the most expected phenomenon of dielectric materials which mostly arises due to the dielectric relaxation that causes an anomalous dispersion. The orientational polarization, which depends on the molecular arrangement of dielectric materials, is the major

• observed that the height of the peak decreases by increasing the temperature, which suggests a plurality of relaxation mechanisms. At low frequencies, the values of both real and imaginary moduli decrease to almost zero, indicating a negligible contribution of the electrode polarization phenomenon. The

• :6)) (20 wt %) + [PC-Mg(ClO4)2 (0.3 M)] (80 wt %). In general, the plot corresponds to the bulk relaxation phenomenon. The plot can be divided into two regions, namely low- and high-frequency regions. The low-frequency dispersion region describes the electrode–electrolytes interfacial phenomenon (or

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• review here include isotropic and anisotropic textures. In addition, we also summarize the influence of gas bubbles on the liquid slippage, which is a common phenomenon in most experimental or numerical investigations. 2.4.1 Isotropic textures. Investigating how effective slip lengths emerge from

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• amplitude of the probe oscillations sharply drops to zero [24]. This phenomenon is usually caused by a combination of small oscillation amplitude, inappropriately low spring constant of the probe (and thus too low energy stored in the vibration), strong attractive forces caused by some surface layers (water

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• ; polarons; quantum dots; Introduction As the dimension of a mesoscopic system decreases, interactions between electrons become more important and many-body resonances build up. As a consequence, new transport paths are opened. The key phenomenon of strong correlations is the Kondo effect, which arises from

• both reflect the same phenomenon, that is, Kondo resonance on the interacting dot. We have also checked that the satellite peaks follow the same temperature dependence as the main Kondo peak. So far we have presented the conductance for occupation n = 1 only. The following figures (Figures 3–5) refer

• conductance are achieved when qeff reaches −1 (destructive interference). For qeff = 1 the phenomenon of constructive interference occurs (unitary transmission) and for qeff = 0 half reflection is observed. Figure 8 presents charge stability maps of a DTQD when two phonons are attached to the interacting dots

Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81

• must not be exceeded. It is necessary to distinguish between the entropy fluctuation phenomenon described by Mishin and that explained earlier by Crooks [16] for small systems. Results Results of the entropy simulation As described in the previous chapter, the maximum entropy principle gives clear

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• phenomenon caused by the migration of long-chain sodium polysulfides (Na2Sn) to the anode, facilitated by their high solubility in carbonate- and ether-based electrolytes [21]. At the anode, Na2Sn is further reduced to insoluble short-chain sodium polysulfides, which precipitate and passivate the electrode

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• amounts of deposited mass. This phenomenon known as “coffee ring effect” is caused by capillary flow of the solvent from the middle of the droplet towards its three-phase (solid–liquid–air) contact line. During evaporation, the molecules are aggregated on the outer edge of the droplet where evaporation is

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• into the polydomain state, which gradually turns into the opposite parallel state. The polydomain state is manifested by a profound enhancement of resistance caused by a flux-flow phenomenon, triggered by domain stray fields. The scissor state represents the noncollinear magnetic state in which the

• ][34][35] in various superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) heterostructures. It is anticipated, that this phenomenon can be employed for the creation of novel superconducting devices, in which the supercurrent is determined and controlled by the magnetic state of the heterostructure, that is, by the

• ][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, utilization of this phenomenon for device applications requires accurate determination and control of the micromagnetic state of micro- or nanoscale devices. Similar control is needed for the operations of a large number of superconducting spintronics devices, including

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• . Figure 8 shows the von Mises stress in graphene along the armchair direction at 300 K. As shown in Figure 8b and Figure 8c, for the armchair direction, the self-healing phenomenon at the crack is observed after fracture. Self-healing is caused by the bonding of carbon atoms in graphene. At γ = 0.3, there

• also decrease with increasing temperature, and the maximum shear stress is lower than that of the zigzag direction. However, because of the self-healing phenomenon of graphene, the shear stress after failure rises again. Therefore, the armchair composite still maintains a certain strength. (2

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• drugs which subsequently provides biological effects [76]. The inertial cavitation phenomenon occurs at higher acoustic intensities [74][77] and the MBs oscillate in an asymmetric non-linear manner. This leads to the collapse, implosion, and finally to the fragmentation of the MBs located in close

• ]. King investigated the primary ARF and provided a number of equations to describe this phenomenon. Different parameters are involved in these equations, including fluid density, the complex amplitude of the velocity potential of the imposed sound field, angular driving frequency, speed of sound in the

• fluid, density of the sphere, and the distance between the center of a sphere and the nearest velocity node plane of the standing sound wave. The theory of King explained this phenomenon and provided some insight about the accumulation of particles in nodes and antinodes of sound fields. Afterward

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• the emergence of antibiotics, but some bacterial diseases are still amongst the most dangerous to human life. In addition, as antibiotics become more popular, bacteria are evolving to become resistant, a phenomenon known as “antimicrobial resistance” and listed by the World Health Organization as one

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• according to the alignment and response of magnetic dipoles, magnetic materials can be divided into diamagnetic, paramagnetic [31], ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and antiferromagnetic. Diamagnetism of the material can be attributed to the orbital angular momentum, which is a phenomenon in which

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• the collision cascade to create individual ferromagnetic domains in a previously non-ferromagnetic material [55]. In the cited work, Röder et al. used this phenomenon of disorder-induced ferromagnetism, together with the small probe size of the neon ion beam, to directly write nanomagnets into a

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• arsenide is a known and intensively studied phenomenon in semiconductor industry [4]. The air exposure of GaAs surface results in an immediate appearance of different oxides of various compositions (e.g., AsO, As2O, As2O3, GaO, Ga2O, Ga2O3, GaAsO3, and GaAsO4) as well as of elemental arsenic [5][6][7]. The

• ) [23][24][25]. Therefore, one should limit the contact time of the GaAs substrate with air/water to an absolute minimum. The attempts that were made to either stop or at least reduce this phenomenon led to the use of surface passivation techniques. One of the well-known and effective methods to protect

• are substantially lower than the corresponding ones obtained from the EQE analysis. This phenomenon is common, although the mentioned differences are typically lower. In our opinion this particular kind of discrepancy (Jsc values obtained from EQE higher than those from I–V measurements) most likely

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• nm. An important difference is that many of the C60 islands are observed in the middle of the terraces, that is, far away from step edges. This phenomenon, not observed for TE, suggests a difference in the nucleation during island formation. It could be explained by the presence of defects on the

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• Paulina Filipczak Krzysztof Halagan Jacek Ulanski Marcin Kozanecki Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.40 Abstract The resonance Raman effect (RRE) is a phenomenon which results in a strong

• stretching vibration band related to structured water depends also on the excitation wavelength, due to the resonance Raman effect. The first report of this phenomenon was presented by Pastorczak et al. [20]. It was shown that the 3200 cm−1 band is in resonance with the light in the red range of the spectrum

• synthesized AgNP dispersions were tested. Moreover, it is necessary to underscore that the concentration of AgNPs is very low – 1.5 nmol/dm3 (this value corresponds to the molar concentration of nanoparticles, not to the concentration of silver). This phenomenon cannot be a result of the presence of ionic

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• evolution rate after PCN doping. Among the presented doping procedures, S- and Cl-doping were found to enhance HER of PCN more significantly [45][56]. To explain the phenomenon of the enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution after Cl-doping more studies have been conducted. The optical properties of PCN and Cl

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• Figure 1d and Table 1. Grzelczak et al. proposed an electric field-directed mechanism to explain this phenomenon [27]. The concentration of CTAB in the reaction solution was 8.8 mM. This is much higher than the critical micelle constant (1.04–1.41 mM) of CTAB at this temperature [29][30][31], thus CTAB

• increased further. This phenomenon may indicate that the increase in the quantity of Ag+ leads to the formation of more Ag0 or silver bromide complexes on the side of the AuNRs, which prevents the reduction of Pt to a greater extent, and Pt is mainly deposited on the tip at last. Above all, variations of

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• –NIR absorption spectroscopy: Metallic nanoparticles are known to emit characteristic colors in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum due to a phenomenon known as surface plasmon resonance. The color of a colloidal nanoparticle solution is mainly dependent on the size and shape of the