Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• on the vesicles. The LUV solutions were prepared in the same phosphate buffer solution, which is used for electrochemical measurements, employing different molar ratios of SH and DOPC as it is described in subsection “Vesicles preparation” of the Experimental section. All diameters of these organized

• immersed in an aqueous solution of 1.0 × 10−3 M [Fe(CN)6]4− in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) and CV was carried out in the potential range of 0.0–0.4 V vs AgCl/Ag. Figure 5 shows the cyclic voltammograms obtained in these experiments. In Figure 5a a reversible redox peak of [Fe(CN)6]4− at +0.277 V

• obtained by hydrating the dry lipid film through mixing (vortex-2-Genie) for about 5 min at room temperature with using ultrapure water (Labconco equipment model 90901-01) or phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0, Merck) to carry out the morphologic/topographic or the electrochemical studies, respectively

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• experiments Electrochemical experiments were performed using AutoLab AUT 71819 with the GPES 4.9 software in the three electrode system with Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and platinum foil (10 × 10 mm plate) as a counter electrode. Phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.9) prepared from sodium phosphates (Avantor

Active multi-point microrheology of cytoskeletal networks

• Tobias Paust,
• Tobias Neckernuss,
• Lina Katinka Mertens,
• Ines Martin,
• Michael Beil,
• Paul Walther,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Othmar Marti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 484–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.42

• measurement according to [31]. The test of the functionality of the setup was performed in bi-distilled water by observing only the trapped particle. For SEM measurements the networks were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (in 0.1 M phosphate buffer with 1% saccharose) for 30 min and contrasted with OsO4 (2% in

Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer

• Natsumi Inada,
• Hitoshi Asakawa,
• Taiki Kobayashi and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 409–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.36

• of AC55 with a spring constant of ≈140 N/m were improved by 6.1 times and 2.5 times, respectively, by coating with a PTC layer. We experimentally demonstrate high stability of the PTC layer in liquid by AFM imaging of a mica surface with atomic resolution in phosphate buffer saline solution for more

• nominal spring constants of 42 and 85 N/m (PPP-NCHAuD and AC55). In addition, we demonstrate high stability of the PTC layer in liquid by long-term FM-AFM imaging of mica with atomic resolution in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. Results and Discussion Preparation of PTC layers Figure 1 shows a

Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4). The average Fe(0) core diameter is 13 ± 0.5 nm, the Fe3O4 shell thickness is 2.0 ± 0.5 nm (Figure 3). Using statistical modeling, the optimal number of TCPP units per nanoparticle was determined to be 35 ± 3, and the number of cyanine 5.5 units to be 50 ± 4 [31]. We have

Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

• Igor Goychuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 328–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.31

• the F1 motor. The mechanical torque applied to the F1 motor is used to synthesize ATP out of ADP and the phosphate group, Pi. This enzyme complex primarily utilizes the electrochemical gradient of protons to synthesize ATP. It can, however, also work in reverse and pump protons using the energy of ATP

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• NPs. Although the terms aggregation and agglomeration are used interchangeably, this study uses the term agglomeration because many recent studies have shown that NPs tend to agglomerate in aqueous biological matrices characterized by high ionic strength and neutral pH, such as phosphate-buffered

• much like in this study no agglomeration of CITAgNPs [48] was observed, were buffered with phosphate buffer (PB). The most common buffering agents are PB and HEPES, which significantly differ in their chemical composition. Consequently, the behavior and stability of NPs in PB might be completely

• different from that in HEPES buffering system [21]. As phosphate, and not HEPES, is a normal constituent of mammalian blood and other body fluids, DMEM buffered with PB was chosen as the model BM. Other AgNPs and all of the SPIONs agglomerated almost immediately after addition to the media, as can be seen

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• 10.3762/bjnano.7.22 Abstract Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) plays an important role in several biological processes, being identified as a key regulator of many protein functions. For instance, it acts as a mediator of inflammatory responses. The mediation of the inflammation process happens due to the

• monolayer is in a liquid-expanded state due to repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups of the C1P molecules. When divalent calcium ions are added, they are able to bridge the highly charged phosphate groups, enhancing the regular arrangement of the head groups. Similar solidification of

• the monolayer structure can be seen in the presence of a 150 times larger concentration of monovalent sodium ions. Therefore, calcium ions have clearly a strong affinity for the phosphomonoester of C1P. Keywords: calcium; ceramide-1-phosphate; Langmuir monolayers; phase behaviour; structural

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• done using conditions for unmodified oligos as described in [14]: 10 μM oligo in 1.00 M KCl, at pH 7.4 with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer at 22 ± 1 °C. Up to four different probing voltages, namely 100, 120, 140, and 160 mV (trans vs cis) were tested. The observation of decreasing dwell times with

• composition. Part B, Chemicals, materials and instrumentation for nanopore measurements: Nanopore experiments were conducted with 10 μM DNA in 1.0 M KCl, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and at 22 ± 1 °C, as described in detail in [14], and summarized here. WT α-hemolysin was purchased from List

Counterion effects on nano-confined metal–drug–DNA complexes

• Nupur Biswas,
• Sreeja Chakraborty,
• Alokmay Datta,
• Munna Sarkar,
• Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay,
• Mrinal K. Bera and
• Hideki Seto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 62–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.7

• respect to the DNA molecules aligned laterally over the hydrophilic substrate leading to a preferential enrichment at the top surface of the films. It was observed earlier [8][19][30] that the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA also attach with the hydroxyl-terminated hydrophilic quartz substrate

• to the absence of any such short-range interactions, the intercalation of the Cu(II) complex of piroxicam is allowed, quite similar to the case of bulk solution. This is shown in Figure 5a. In presence of counterions, the phosphate groups of the DNA backbone get neutralized. This causes two effects

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• 15 kg/mol), polystyrenesulfonate sodium salt, (PSS, Mw 70 kg/mol), sodium hypochlorite with active chlorine 13%, phosphate buffered saline 10× (PBS), glutaraldehyde solution grade II 25% in water, Hank´s balanced salt solution 10×, sodium chloride and graphite powder (<45 μm, ≥99.99% trace metals

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• concentration as high as ≈10 at %. In fact, from APA fabrication, it is also known that some amount of electrolyte anions (typically 3–8 wt %) are incorporated into the porous oxide during anodization [6]. The same applies also for the anodization of Ti, and thus the observed P has to be ascribed to phosphate

• anions PO42− entrapped within the porous oxide during its growth. Actually, this is the reason why we decided to use phosphoric acid as the anodizing electrolyte, since phosphate is likely to be biocompatible and even bioactive in the foreseen application of the coatings for osteointegration, due to its

• anodization of Ti by a different group [31]. The spontaneous phosphate incorporation occurring during anodization in H3PO4 is not the only form of doping that may be exploited in order to increase the possible bioactivity of the APT coating. In fact, one may explore the possibility to add different chemical

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• this idea, the influence of the supporting electrolyte was further investigated using phosphate buffer. As expected, the large size and high charge of the phosphate anions, made difficult the diffusion of anions inside the polymeric film producing a broadening of the peaks and the increase in the

• between anodic and cathodic waves. Using phosphate buffer, the pitting processes were avoided and the reproducibility of films deposited on SS was clearly improved and was similar to that calculated in films deposited on platinum (CV less than 5%). Electrocatalytic and sensing behavior towards catechol

• scan rate of 0.1 V/s in phosphate buffer. Under these conditions, SS could be used as a substrate due to the absence of pitting processes. Notice also that the polaron–bipolaron response of pyrrole occurs out of this range at negative potentials. Catechol produced the expected well-shaped redox pair

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• response of the biosensor to H2O2 concentrations in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 at an applied potential of 150 mV (ferrocene reduction potential) upon successive additions of 10 µM of H2O2 at time intervals of 100 s (inset: experimental data and linear fitting curve) and (d) selectivity study of

Towards multifunctional inorganic materials: biopolymeric templates

• Claudia Steinem and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1698–1699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.172

• structure formation of inorganic components in an aqueous environment. Accordingly, composites made of inorganic solids (i.e., calcium phosphate or carbonate) and biopolymers are formed. Furthermore, the resulting combination of inorganic and bioorganic components yields biominerals with unique

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• sodium azide (0.01%) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.2, 0.01 M), the product was stored at 4 °C in a dark bottle [38]. UV analysis of Au nanoparticles In this study, two modes of analysis were performed to compare the concentration of the Au nanoparticles and the rate at which they were

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• as described earlier in literature [64]. In brief, cells were quickly rinsed in warm phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4) and fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at room temperature (RT). Next, cells were washed with PBS and permeabilized for 5 min at

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• reaction between aliphatic primary amine moieties and a terminal phosphate group of DNA was previously reported [27][28]. We optimized the reaction for the coupling of the aromatic amines of melamine with the 5’-terminal phosphate groups of two self-complementary ssDNA molecules (24 bases long, Supporting

• the corresponding di-branched hybrid with complementary DNA sequence ((R2)2–melamine) by annealing in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. This self-assembly through DNA hybridization is hypothesized to yield a linear chain of the DNA–melamine hybrid. Similarly, one of the tri-branched conjugates ((R1)3

• a zero linker approach with terminal phosphate as a reacting functionality, the methodology is inexpensive [27][40], does not require multiple synthetic steps and modifies the oligonucleotides with reactive functionalities. One noteworthy point about this EDC–imidazole-mediated cross coupling

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• literature data [92][93] and instruction kindly provided by Sourabh Shukla and Nicole Steinmetz, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. For this procedure, 1200 µL of TMV–Lys particles (5 mg/mL) in 10 mM sodium potassium phosphate (SPP) pH 7.2 were mixed with 9 µL of 1 M hetero-bifunctional

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• gift from Amano Enzyme, Inc. (Nagoya, Japan). The specific activity of BOx, measured to be 140 U·mg−1, was determined using 5 mM 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as an electron donor dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl

• surface for 20 min using different solutions of the enzyme: from diluted to very concentrated (from 0.4 µg·mL−1 up to 400 µg·mL−1 in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) at room temperature (25 °C). It should be emphasised that the electrodes were not allowed to dry out at any time during the modification and

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• (C6) (Mw 350.43), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), acetic acid, sulforhodamine B (SRB), trypan blue, ribonuclease A (RNase) from bovine pancreas (Mw 13,700; solution of 50% glycerol), propidium iodide (Mw 668.39, purity ≥ 94%) and Triton XTM-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• . Unfiltered and 0.22 μm filtered tattoo ink was diluted in ‘starved’ medium and added to the plate at dilutions ranging between 1:102 and 1:106. The plates were placed in a 37 °C incubator containing 5% CO2 for 1 week, then washed with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and incubated with serum-starved medium

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• fibronectin isolated from human plasma. Other reagents Other reagents used in the experiments were: (a) phosphate buffered saline (PBS, ICN Biomedicals, pH 7.4, containing 10 mM of PO42−, 137 mM of NaCl and 27 mM of KCl) was used to prepare all protein solutions; (b) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, Sigma

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• the polymer shell), by live HeLa cells in the presence or absence of human transferrin (TF) and human serum albumin (HSA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium. They studied the uptake of the NPs by quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy. For comparison, they also studied the cellular

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• the immobilization of the polysaccharide chains to the anchor layer amine groups through the creation of amide bonds. The success of the performed modifications and their short-term stability in a phosphate buffer at 37 °C was probed by different surface sensitive techniques such as X-ray