Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• tissues [157][158]. Regarding the use of natural products, carbon quantum dots, the main type of nanoparticles derived from bioactive compounds, show promising activity for cancer treatment due to their biocompatibility, photostability, and fluorescent characteristics [159]. Bergenin (BER) is a natural

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• improving their prospects for clinical translation [97]. While QDs holds great potential for antibiotic drug delivery, challenges such as achieving precise targeting and ensuring long-term photostability remain critical limitations [98]. Encapsulation of metalloantibiotics in nano-based delivery systems

• highly selective and efficient photosensitizer delivery systems. Ir(III) complexes are excellent photosensitizers due to their highly sensitive excited-state properties in response to the surrounding environment, high photostability, and unique intracellular localization [137][138]. However, the

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• , optimized grain size, and improved surface area observed in the XRD, Raman, and FESEM analyses, which collectively improved charge separation and transport. The chopped illumination data (Figure 6a) confirmed stable photoresponses with minimal decay over time, indicating the high photostability of the

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• example. Light irradiation caused a decrease in absorbance around 420 nm, which corresponds to the absorption band of DPBF, indicating the generation of ROS. In contrast, the absorption of PtOEP nanoparticles did not change, indicating that these nanoparticles have high photostability. We compared the ROS

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• groups which give them remarkable chemical and photophysical features, such as photostability, minimal toxicity, and tunable luminescence [18][19]. A significant number of studies has been carried out for developing CDs from inexpensive natural resources in many ways, which are also environment friendly

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• , including tungsten (W) lamps, LEDs (full spectrum, red, UV, and IR LEDs), and continuous-wave lasers of wavelengths 532 and 785 nm. The cyclic photoresponse of the samples to various light sources was also measured to determine their photostability. Results and Discussion Morphology of the pyrite NPs The

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• discovered to have exceptional inherent tumor-targeting characteristics without any modification, and it is a fluorophore enabling near-infrared imaging. However, IR780 iodide has low water stability and photostability [23] and shows acute toxicity at high doses [24], which limits its clinical application

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• equipment, our approach uses green synthesis with biomass, aligning with eco-friendly principles [19][20][21]. Carbon quantum dots are valued for their easy synthesis, good solubility, photostability, nontoxic properties, and versatile applications. They can be synthesized using various methods, including

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• degradation and other dyes. Keywords: cobalt ferrite; graphene quantum dots; methylene blue; Introduction Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have unique properties, including photoluminescence, biocompatibility, slight chemical toxicity, inertness, and excellent photostability [1][2]. Graphene quantum dots

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• (PCE). However, studies report that gold nanorods suffer from poor photostability, and loss of shape and NIR LSPR upon laser irradiation [39]. By using palladium nanostructures, photothermal stability could be achieved to some extent as they did not change their shape upon laser irradiation. Palladium

• ]. Transition metal chalcogenides are another class of photothermal nanomaterials that exhibit strong NIR absorption, good photostability, and low toxicity. The architectonics of these nanomaterials also plays an important role regarding the PCE. Among the different types of transition metal oxide nanoparticles

• the photothermal material; the material should exhibit strong light-to-heat conversion and good photostability. The structural and morphological properties of the selected material should ensure strong absorption in the NIR region to attain better penetration depth in the LFA nitrocellulose membrane

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• materials due to their high content of surface functional groups. Among dielectric materials, zinc oxide possesses the outstanding characteristics of low cost, non-toxicity, excellent thermodynamic stability and photostability, and unique semiconducting properties. Hence, it is widely used in the fields of

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• tuned by changing the donor units that are conjugated with the bridging group. These conjugated small molecules have the advantages of a facile synthesis, abundant derivatives, and tunable properties. However, they have short lifetimes due to low photostability. In order to overcome this issue, rigid

• conjugated structures are often adapted. For example, it is known that chromophores, such as rylene-based dyes and donor–acceptor conjugated frameworks, can extend the absorption band range and enhance the photostability [26]. DPP dyes have a strong optical absorption and offer easy alteration of their

• photophysical properties and hydrophobicity through organic reactions. In general, DPP dyes have high photoluminescence quantum yields, but they have a relatively low photostability, degrading after 150 min under a collimated 300 W Xe lamp light source. It was previously reported that introducing electron

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• susceptibility, ferroelectricity, photostability and useful electrical properties [102][103][104][105]. The highest visible-light photocatalytic activity among bismuth-based oxides with a similar structure has been observed for Bi2WO6, which can be attributed to its distinctive structure [103][104]. It is

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• are hydrophobic PTAs with rigid structure and poor water solubility [11][12]. Therefore, several lipid nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been reported to encapsulate BODIPYs to improve their water solubility and photostability while retaining their original photothermal effects [13][14

• cellular uptake efficiency (Figure 4) and good synergistic PTT (Figure 5). BODIPY compounds possess diverse structures, adjustable spectra, and excellent photostability. Therefore, researchers have been committed to improving the photothermal performance of BODIPY for effective PTT [29]. Two strategies

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• electromagnetic field [4]. However, for <5 nm sized NPs, the LSPR phenomenon disappears, and they exhibit a tunable intrinsic photoluminescence with high Stokes shift and excellent photostability [5]. Plasmonic NPs can be produced in monometallic (MNPs) or bimetallic (BMNPs) forms and, in the latter, the internal

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• ]. In particular, metal nanoclusters exhibit excellent photostability, large Stokes shifts, and low toxicity compared to quantum dots and organic dyes. Researchers increasingly use them in analytical detection fields such as metal ions, small biological molecules, drug delivery, and bioimaging [22][23

• nanoclusters while their fluorescence quantum yields and stability are improved to a larger extent. Gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters (AuAgNCs) exhibit enhanced luminescence efficiency and photostability due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and synergistic effects. Zhang et al. [27] synthesized

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• organic dyes. Moreover, CDs have unparalleled extraordinary properties, including cell compatibility, chemical inertness, emission at tunable wavelengths, low cost, high quantum yield (QY), water dispersibility, small size, tunability, high biocompatibility, strong photostability (resistance to

• no other chemical reagent. The lignin content of the leaves and shafts of date palm leaves is 25 g/100 g, which helped to obtain mesoporous CDs of high quality having high storage and photostability [68]. Leaves of Prosopis juliflora as a natural and inexpensive precursor yielded CDs that acted as a

• , minimal cytotoxicity, high water solubility and photostability [127]. Fiber-rich peanut shells were used to produce fluorescent CDs (1.8–4.2 nm) that had a QY of 10.6% and better photostability than rhodamine B. The CDs were produced using a straightforward one-pot pyrolysis procedure at 400 °C for 4 h

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• concentrations is a key tool in clinical medicine because it can provide a better diagnostic tool. Fluorescence is also broadly used in biotechnology as a sensitive detection method for different molecules. For all of these applications, high fluorescence quantum yield, photostability, and brightness of the used

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• resulting heterojunction photocatalytically removed 40% NO (initial concentration of 500 ppb) and showed excellent photostability under visible light. The NO2 production from the photocatalytic reaction was also negligible. The good photocatalytic NO degradation of the 2D/0D g-C3N4/SnO2 catalyst is due to

• photocatalytic NO removal under solar light for the first time. Furthermore, they found that the introduction of SnO2 NPs increases the photostability of PANI during the photocatalytic process, which holds great potential for scalable manufacturing. Also, this work thoroughly discussed the adsorption and

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• cancer cells [50]. Furthermore, naphthalimide (NI) derivatives can also be used as end-capping materials for amino acids. Naphthalimide has unique photophysical properties and photostability as a luminescent material for aggregation-induced emission (AIE), which can display high emission properties in

• photothermal therapy. Geniposide is a natural crosslinking agent that provides strong covalent interactions to enhance stability. In addition, they attached disulfide groups to phenylalanine in response to glutathione. The obtained nanoparticles (GDSP) have high stability and can improve the photostability and

• photosensitization activity and photostability of phthalocyanine. Camptothecin can induce tumor apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase I [90]. However, camptothecin has some major limitations in therapeutic applications, such as poor water solubility and rapid lactone ring hydrolysis at physiological

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• reusability of the catalyst are very important factors in practical applications. Thus, the recyclability and photostability of the synthesized BiFeO3 nanoparticles was assessed in the degradation of RhB for five cycling runs (see Figure 10). After each run, the catalyst was separated from the reaction

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• quantum dots, which are referred to as carbon dots (CDs) [1] and are less-toxic and ecologically friendly [2][3], have attracted great interest due to their unique properties, such as high water solubility [4], high chemical stability [5], high photostability [6], tunable excitation and emission