Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• unperturbed. Present stability and nature of damages on DNA origami nanostructures enable fusion of DNA origami advantages such as shape and positioning control into novel ion beam nanofabrication approaches. Keywords: DNA nanotechnology; DNA origami; FIB; heavy ions; Introduction Ion beam interaction with

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• graphene films, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Most of the current techniques are based on multistep processing. For example, ultranarrow graphene nanoribbons can be formed with the so-called meniscus-mask lithography [7] or nanospheres lithography [8], although positioning and

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• . The software displays both images used for drift correction and a variable number of markers in different colors as shown in Figure 3a,b. The user can, then, move these markers to match the positions of stationary features and start the drift correction by clicking a button. As this positioning of

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• , calibration of these resistances at the macroscale using a probe station, compatibility with any commercially available AFM system, and the possibility of positioning a device under test (DUT) on the reference sample. Further efforts are underway to develop another sample version featuring easier access to C

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• (400,000+ USD) for a single device (Figure 4). Custom-built 2PP systems are also an option; these are custom systems either retrofitted onto an existing microscope [44] or developed on optical tables [45][46] in the lab to keep the cost low. Commercial retrofits (e.g., positioning stages or electronics

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• comprises a premix chamber and a concentric nozzle tube outlet with diameters of 17 and 26 mm, respectively. A quartz tube with an outer diameter of 50 mm is placed around the burner nozzle. To synthesize the CNTs, a positioning system with an accuracy of 0.5 mm is employed, and the sample is placed on top

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• creating a self-assembled monolayer of a diacetylene compound (10,12-nonacosazinoic acid) adsorbed on a graphite surface and biased with a scanning tunneling microscope probe [111]. By positioning the probe at a specific site, the polymerization of the chains was induced within defined small regions, and

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• carriers due to appropriate positioning of edge potentials with respect to the synergised photocatalyst [11][12][13]. The process of doping includes introduction of heteroatoms such as sulphur, oxygen, and carbon into the HBN lattice. The doping of oxygen into the HBN lattice results in the generation of

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• window to the microscope for sample and cantilever holder transfer. The cantilever, the optical fiber, and the sample can be seen at a large optical viewing angle permitting a good microscopic view required for the positioning of the fiber relative to the cantilever. This allows, for example, for the

• positioning of the fiber end outside the long axis of the cantilever to measure torsional cantilever oscillation modes (see section “Performance of the SPM”) or the approach of the sample to the (cantilever) tip. An additional position of the shields opens a small access hole to the sample surface permitting

• -mass tip is scanned, while the heavier sample and sample receivers are mounted on a xy-positioning unit for the lateral positioning of the sample on a millimeter scale. To avoid stacking the z-positioning unit on top of the xy-positioning unit, the xyz-scan piezo and tip receiver unit are mounted

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• mechanical oscillation, ωm, at one eigenmode, used to track the topography, is mixed with ωe such that ωm ± ωe occurs on another eigenmode [57]. Typically, the probe would be driven mechanically at ω1 and ωe = ω2 − ω1 such that the first harmonic of the electrostatic response occurs at ω2. The positioning of

• ]. Furthermore, Het-KPFM can be extended using two electrical drive signals combined with a mechanical drive signal to aid in the positioning of the required harmonics on eigenmodes, enhancing both SNR and spatial resolution [91]. Examples include intermodulation AFM, which applies two electrical signals, ωe1

• addition, the positioning of the cantilever close to the surface will increase the damping on the cantilever and alter the transfer function accordingly [103]. Under conditions where the tip starts tapping the surface, the linearity of the amplitude signal in response to VAC and/or VCPD may be disrupted

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• acquisition with an inclined tip sampling path requires modifications of the experimental procedures and data analysis protocols for force measurements to avoid systematic errors in the interpretation of force curve and imaging data. Results and Discussion Sensor positioning, sensor displacement, and tip

• positioning elements acting at least along the z-axis. To accomplish this, the sensor is attached to a piezo element allowing for fine positioning that, in turn, is attached to a coarse positioning system. The respective sensor positioning movements, the sensor oscillation, and its response to the mean tip

• –surface force are illustrated in the sketches of Figure 1 for the case of parallel tip sampling and data recording paths. Initially, the sensor assembly is moved towards the surface by the coarse positioning system so that the relaxed piezo rests at position zcrs and the tip at its starting position z0

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• , squares) demonstrated higher inhibition activity than Nα-Lys-NG nanogel (Figure 6b, circles). Interestingly, this observation proves that the inhibition activity of ATT is reinforced by Nα-Lys-NG and even more by PHEG-Tyr, probably because their negative charge facilitates positioning of ATT and blockage

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• contact electrodes [25][26], or intermediate layer [27], and can greatly improve the life cycles of switches. However, CNTs prepared by CVD are randomly oriented, and positioning CNTs at the desired location is a challenge that hinders scalable manufacturing. Ward et al. [28] and Cha et al. [21] used spin

• quickly realize positioning and alignment of CNTs in 10–60 s. GR-NEM switches Based on the large-scale fabrication of graphene (GR) using CVD and oxygen plasma etching, GR-NEM switches have attracted the attention of researchers. Table 2 summarizes GR-NEM switch structures described in the literature. Two

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• motion in terms of time duration and positioning of the bias signal within the out-of-contact intervals of the PFT cycle. Additionally, the tip–sample separation at which the bias is applied and the CPD is measured is controlled by the amplitude of the PFT oscillation. The applied bias modulation of the

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• positioning of the laser focus on the surface of the substrates was performed by adjusting the signal to its maximum intensity prior to the SERS measurements. This ensures comparable and defined focus conditions and enables the comparison of the SERS performance based on the peak intensities of the obtained

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• by positioning free precursor crystals on a heated substrate, and observing their disappearance upon heating. Furthermore, electron beam-induced deposition was observed in close vicinity of the crystals. A small and easy to handle setup mounted on a substrate surface was then developed, resembling a

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• interaction with the substrate. The exclusive positioning of the W3O9 clusters on the point defects inside the trenches leads us to the conclusion that the preferred interaction with the metallic substrate below the oxide film compensates any charge injection or removal induced by the STM tip. For that

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• signal in the HIM have been made. One approach is converting the transmitted particles into SEs by positioning a material with high SE yield below the sample and using the ET detector to collect the SEs coming from this material. This method has been used in BF mode for assessing the thickness of milled

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

• Mingliang Yao,
• Guangzhong Xie,
• Qichen Gong and
• Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

• reached the first floorboard, a relevant voltage peak of 86.3 V was detected, as shown in Figure 5b. The signal triggered the first positioning indicator on a monitor, revealing that the pedestrian had just arrived at the first floorboard. The electric output also lit the LED bulb that was connected to

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• is reduced with an increasing number of substituents. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of template-induced gating and supramolecular organization on the energies of distinct molecular orbitals. The selection of the number and positioning of the pyridyl termini in tetrasubstituted, trans- and cis

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• assembly tilts together with the sample stage. The three orthogonal translational degrees of freedom of the sample are decoupled from the AFM coarse positioning stage, as shown in Figure 1a. The integration of the AFM into the HIM requires no alteration of the HIM microscope stage. The AFM assembly is

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• of the feedback algorithm for the positioning of the hot spot, arbitrary trapping quasi-potential landscapes can be implemented. As a proof of concept, we have created a 20 × 10 μm2 rectangular “infinite” potential well. To achieve it, we slightly modified the feedback rule so that the force acting

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• the molecules. The change of the molecular positions is not accompanied by the creation of new chemical bonds, as XPS spectra reveal. This suggests that positioning the Sn atom in close proximity to the surface does not induce a significant charge transfer between the substrate and the molecule. Due

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• prohibits the photoswitching of the integrated molecules (Figure 7). Because, the relative energy levels are not changed depending on the positioning of the azobenzene, it cannot be excluded that charge transfer takes place in the 2D LHPs as well. However, this transfer definitely does not lead to