Advances in the fabrication of graphene transistors on flexible substrates

• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Stella Lo Verso,
• Silvestra Di Marco,
• Vincenzo Vinciguerra,
• Emanuela Schilirò,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Raffaella Lo Nigro,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Amaia Zurutuza,
• Alba Centeno,
• Sebastiano Ravesi and
• Filippo Giannazzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.50

• gate capacitance. For this last reason, from a purely research perspective, the best device configuration is the ion sensing FET (IS-FET) [16] constituted of a graphene channel covered by the target solution and a macroscopic reference electrode immersed in the solution itself as the gate contact

• flexible device, there is a need of a reference electrode that is an external, rigid and macroscopic element, which represents a relevant drawback. The solid IS-FET [17] (where a local back-gate buried under a solid dielectric film replaces the reference electrode) represents a valid alternative for real

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• , and a silver pseudo-reference electrode. Synthesis and characterization of gold–magnetic NPs Gold–magnetic NPs were synthesized as a three-layer nanostructure (gold@TMC@Fe3O4) according to the protocol described elsewhere [36]. In short, all the components (gold and magnetic NPs, and TMC polymer) were

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• stainless steel net (0.05 mm thick). After pressing, the electrodes were dried in vacuum (0.5–1.0 mbar) at 120 °C for 8 h. The active electrode, counter electrode (Li) and reference electrode (Li) were placed in a hermetic Teflon cell using a porous polypropylene separator. 1 M LiPF6 solution in ethylene

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• corresponding PEDOT/PSS, PEDOT/PSS/EM or PEDOT/PSS/EM-Enz modified electrode as the working electrode; the reference electrode was Ag|AgCl/KCl 3 mol/L and the counter electrode was a platinum sheet with a surface area of 1 cm2. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out from −0.6 V to +1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with a scan

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• Discussion Graphite acts as working electrode (WE) in the EC cell (see Experimental section for further information). The EC potential is initially fixed at about +0.3 V with respect to the Pt reference electrode (RE). At this potential, the current flowing through the WE is negligible and EC processes do

• exfoliated by an adhesive tape along an edge of the sample. The 2 M H3PO4 solution has been purified by bubbling Ar gas (5.0 grade pure) inside a separator funnel for several days. A Pt wire is used both as counter electrode (CE) and reference electrode (RE). Further information on Pt electrodes is reported

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• potentiostat. A platinum wire and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) served as the counter and the reference electrode, respectively. All working electrode potentials are provided with respect to the SCE reference electrode. Electrochemical treatments were performed in diluted H2SO4 at 0.1 M (pH less than 1

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• combined pH reference electrode. The absorbance of the samples was measured using a V-750ST UV–vis Spectrophotometer (JASCO International Co., LTD., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan) with Spectra Manager 2 software. Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) suspension Firstly, MWCNTs were treated with a

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• (0.07 cm2) as the working electrode, a Pt counter electrode and a Ag|AgCl|KClsat reference electrode. Before used, the Au electrode was polished, sonicated and rinsed with ultrapure water. CV measurements were carried out in aqueous media by using as molecular probe K4[Fe(CN)6] (1 × 10−3 M) in phosphate

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• experiments Electrochemical experiments were performed using AutoLab AUT 71819 with the GPES 4.9 software in the three electrode system with Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and platinum foil (10 × 10 mm plate) as a counter electrode. Phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.9) prepared from sodium phosphates (Avantor

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• position the reference electrode (a classical millimetre-sized Ag/AgCl pellet electrode) we placed around the electrodes a silicone circular cell (6 mm in diameter, 4 mm in height). The WE and CE electrodes were functionalized with thiolated ssDNA molecules using a well-established procedure for DNA SAMs

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• ZnO by Au NPs Au@ZnO hybrid nanostructures were prepared by SAE procedure carried out under inert (N2) atmosphere, using a three-electrode cell equipped with an Au anode, a Pt cathode, and an Ag/AgNO3 (0.1 M in acetonitrile) reference electrode [43][47]. The electrodes with area of about 1.25 cm2 were

Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• carried out by potentiostatic cathodic polarization of FTO electrodes at −1000 mV vs Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.) reference electrode (+0.201 V vs SHE) for 25 min. Because of the formation of hydroxyl ions, a local increase of рН occurs, and the hydrolysis of Zn2+ ions is promoted and precipitation of Zn5(OH)8Cl2

• geometry. The photoelectrochemical measurements were performed according to the procedure described in [39]. A standard two-compartment three-electrode cell containing a platinum counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and controlled by a conventional programmable

Enhanced model for determining the number of graphene layers and their distribution from X-ray diffraction data

• Beti Andonovic,
• Abdulakim Ademi,
• Anita Grozdanov,
• Perica Paunović and
• Aleksandar T. Dimitrov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2113–2122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.216

• solution using a nonstationary current regime (reverse potential, from 1 to 5 V, in molten salt electrolysis, and from 10 to 15 V, in aqueous solution, controlled by a molybdenum quasi-reference electrode and a calomel reference electrode). The study was done at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C in

Nanostructured superhydrophobic films synthesized by electrodeposition of fluorinated polyindoles

• Gabriela Ramos Chagas,
• Thierry Darmanin and
• Frédéric Guittard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2078–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.212

• -electrode while saturated calomel (SCE) was taken as reference electrode. The electrolyte used was a 0.1 mol solution of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) in anhydrous acetonitrile. Before the electrodeposition, the solution was degassed under argon and 0.01 mol of monomer was introduced. After the

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• electrode surfaces. Electropolymerization methods The auxiliary electrode was a conventional Pt electrode. The reference electrode was an Ag/AgCl electrode in a 3 mol/L KCl solution. Pt and stainless steel 316L (SS) disks (1 mm diameter) were used as working electrodes. The disks were polished with 0.3 µm

• electrochemical experiments. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl/KCl 3 mol/L and the counter electrode was a platinum wire. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out at room temperature with a scan rate of 0.1 V/s in the potential range between −1.0 V and 0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl) except otherwise indicated. Calibration curves

Comprehensive characterization and understanding of micro-fuel cells operating at high methanol concentrations

• Aldo S. Gago,
• Juan-Pablo Esquivel,
• Neus Sabaté,
• Joaquín Santander and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2000–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.203

• .6.203 Abstract We report on the analysis of the performance of each electrode of an air-breathing passive micro-direct methanol fuel cell (µDMFC) during polarization, stabilization and discharge, with CH3OH (2–20 M). A reference electrode with a microcapillary was used for separately measuring the anode

• analyses reported in this work become relevant for improving the design and performance of passive micro-fuel cells. Without the use of a reference electrode, the conclusions previously discussed could only be speculated. Conclusion The electrode performance of an air-breathing passive micro-direct

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• employed to perform the electrochemical experiments. Each SPCE comprises of a 3 mm disk used as a carbon working electrode, a printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a carbon counter-electrode. SEM micrographs and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were recorded using a FEI Quanta 650 FEG

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• (597A, Aremco Products, Inc., USA) and a 0.5 mm-thick silver wire, while the cathode was contacted using a hardened-steel tip with a radius of 0.19 mm probe moved by a XYZ stage. Electrochemical characterization was performed in the two-electrode configuration without a reference electrode. EIS analysis

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• calomel electrode (SCE) as reference electrode. Prior to deposition, the glasses were cleaned using dilute NH3·H2O, ethanol, and water for 10 min sequentially in an ultrasonic bath. Then the ITO strip was put into 0.2 mM AgNO3 and 0.1 M KNO3 and the Ag nanoseeds were deposited on the ITO surface by a

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• nanowires in the pores of the template was performed in a three-electrode set-up using a potentiostat (GAMRY Instruments, Reference 600TM) and a platinum wire as counter electrode. All potentials given here are reported versus the reference electrode, being Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl). Before starting the deposition

• results and discussion section [51]. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were recorded applying a scan rate of 30 mV/s and a step size of 5 mV. Counter electrode and reference electrode are the same as given above. The geometric area of the membrane used for deposition and the CVs was about 0.5 cm2, which

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• Cyclic voltammetry was performed using an Autolab PGSTAT10 potentiostat in a three-electrode single-compartment cell with a glassy carbon working electrode, an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode and a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, in an inert argon atmosphere. Tetrabutylammonium

Stick–slip behaviour on Au(111) with adsorption of copper and sulfate

• Nikolay Podgaynyy,
• Sabine Wezisla,
• Christoph Molls,
• Shahid Iqbal and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 820–830, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.85

• flame annealing to red heat for two minutes. The crystal was cooled in argon atmosphere and brought into contact with the deaerated solution at room temperature. All potentials were measured and are quoted with respect to a Cu/Cu2+ reference electrode. Cleanliness was controlled by cyclic voltammetry in

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• measurements: Photo-electrochemical measurements were carried out at room temperature with a standard three-arm photo-electrochemical cell, using a platinum (Pt) wire as the counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode and the sample as working electrode. Measurements have

Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires

• Mingxuan Zhu,
• Marielle Eyraud,
• Judikael Le Rouzo,
• Nadia Ait Ahmed,
• Florence Boulc’h,
• Claude Alfonso,
• Philippe Knauth and
• François Flory

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65

• and 50 s. The addition of IPA was used to reduce the tapering rate [29]. Core–shell structure realization The PEDOT deposition was conducted in an electrochemical cell with a three-electrode configuration. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl and the counter electrode was a platinum plate. All the

• potentials were indicated versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode (EAg/AgCl = 0.192 V/SHE). A disc of vitreous carbon or the n-type SiNW array was set as the working electrode. For the latter, an illumination source consisting of a 150 W halogen lamp was used during the PEDOT polymerization to render the n