Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• the resonance frequencies and sensitivity of the AFM cantilever using the modified couple stress theory (MCST). An analytical formulation was derived for natural frequencies by writing the differential equations of cantilever motion. They found that when the dimensionless thickness of beam is less

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• silver diffusion in Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures (CSNs). Our approach comprises three simple steps starting from the synthesis of the metallic core, through its coating with titania and finally annealing leading to plasmonic hollow nanostructures with plasmon resonance in a broad spectral range. SEM

• result, to a red-shift of the plasmon resonance [20]. As can be seen from curve A in Figure 4, Ag@TiO2 CSNs have a broad absorption in the UV–vis range. This is the characteristic absorption of these composites, which does not change remarkably with a change of the shell thickness. The annealing of Ag

• @TiO2 CSNs leads to nanostructures with significantly changed optical properties as can be seen from curves B–E in Figure 4. In all cases, a red-shift of the maximum of absorption and a strengthening and widening of the plasmon resonance bands were observed. It is significant that the Ag-modified TiO2

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• tiles were separated by a helical turn, which triggered the switchable motion of the device through B-to-Z-form transition, and the relative changes in position and transformation were monitored by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. Zhao and co-workers reported the design and

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

• sensing the interaction between a sharp microcantilever probe and the sample [2]. Initial operation was in constant-force contact-mode, where a static deflection is maintained through a constant contact force [3]. In dynamic imaging modes [4], the cantilever is driven at, or near, a resonance frequency

• the cantilever according to the expression f−3dB = f0/2Q, where f0 is the fundamental resonance frequency. Assuming all other components in the z-axis feedback loop are also working at high speed [3], a low quality factor can demand a fast demodulator [12]. Multifrequency AFM (MF-AFM) is a major field

• within dynamic mode AFM. It involves studying multiple frequency components in the cantilever oscillation during tip–sample interactions [13]. Observing higher eigenmodes of the cantilever [14], higher harmonics of the fundamental resonance [15] and intermodulation products [16] have been shown to

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• manipulation of the NPs was performed with a Bruker Multimode 8 AFM in the PeakForce quantitative nanoscale mechanical characteriztion (PeakForce QNM) mode using a rectangular AFM cantilever (Bruker, RTESPA-300, k = 40 N/m) with a resonance frequency of around 300 kHz. Prior to each manipulation, the samples

• calculated with the following equation [20]: where k is the cantilever spring constant, f0 is the resonance frequency of the cantilever, Aset is the setpoint amplitude, Apiezo is the drive amplitude, θ is the phase signal and Q is the quality factor of the AFM cantilever. The dissipated power was used as a

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• is simultaneously employed as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and for local heating therapy using magnetic particle hyperthermia [33]. In vitro hyperthermia tests showed efficiency in inoculating mouse breast cancer cells. Another study reports the use of alendronate-coated gold

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• kinds of resonators and two stubs which are side-coupled to a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide. By utilizing numerical investigation with the finite element method (FEM), the simulation results show that the transmission spectrum of the nanosensor has as many as five sharp Fano resonance peaks

• . Due to their different resonance mechanisms, each resonance peak can be independently tuned by adjusting the corresponding parameters of the structure. In addition, the sensitivity of the nanosensor is found to be up to 1900 nm/RIU. For practical application, a legitimate combination of various

• nanosensors, optical splitters, filters, optical switches, nonlinear photonic and slow-light devices. Keywords: Fano resonance; metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide; nanosensor; on-chip plasmonic structures; surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs); Introduction Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is a unique

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• chemical (CM) [5] and electromagnetic enhancement (EM) [6][7]. The CM enhancement is the main factor for charge transfer between the SERS substrate and probe molecule. The EM field enhancement is the main factor for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and significantly depends on the induced near

• discussed above, the electromagnetic field is generated from the metal nanoparticles. When the AgNPs are on the aggregated copper surface, the electrical field intensity of the plasmonic resonance can be effectively amplified and increased. The results show that the SERS behavior of the AgNP pyramidal

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• asymmetry, multiple Fano resonances are generated. Those Fano resonances have different dependences on structural parameters due to their different physical origin. The resonance frequency and resonance peak number can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the degree of asymmetry. This research may provide

• new opportunities to design on-chip optical devices with great tuning performance. Keywords: multiple Fano resonance; off-centered ring resonators; plasmonic waveguide; surface plasmon polaritons; symmetry-breaking; tunable resonance; Introduction Fano resonances originate from the interference of a

• stuctures are investigated at different platforms aiming for Fano resonance. Fano-type transmission phenomenona were observed in photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide–cavity systems [17][18]. The PhC waveguide is a line defect formed by removing a row of rods or air holes. The cavity is a point defect formed by

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• (Mikromasch, Sofia, Bulgaria) with a resonance frequency of about 92 kHz. Semi-contact mode was used in order to avoid any deformation or damaging of the examined samples. All images were processed using the Gwyddion software [46]. Magnetic measurements. Static (dc) and dynamic (ac) magnetic measurements were

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• integrated photonics applications. Most of SiC point defects were found more than one decade ago with methods based on measuring ensemble photoluminescence (PL) [20], i.e., the light emission after the absorption of photons, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) [21], which reveals unpaired electrons

• line (ZPL) [22], Debye–Waller factor (DWF) [23][24], zero-field-splitting (ZFS) [25] and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) [26]. The ZPL and the phonon sideband together determine the line shape of individual light-absorbing and emitting molecules [22]. The DWF describes the thermal motion

• [31]. The maximum optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) signal (|ΔPL/PL|) after off-resonant optical excitation is 0.04. After resonant optical excitation it is close to 100% [32]. By using the V1 line of the VSi, it has been demonstrated that its optical resonances are stable with near-Fourier

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• layers is required especially for shorter cantilevers, so that the chip body does not obstruct the path of the laser for the optical readout. The thicknesses of the chip body layers are, from bottom to top, 30, 120 and 150 µm. The geometry of the SU8 beam defines the resonance frequency of the cantilever

• and to increase the detection speed and sensitivity. The detection speed in amplitude-modulation mode is determined by the amplitude response time of the cantilever. The tapping-mode bandwidth is given by BW = πf0/Q, where f0 is the resonance frequency and Q is the Q-factor [32]. The resonance

• frequency for a rectangular cantilever with homogenous material properties and no external load is given by where E is the elastic modulus, I the second moment of area, ρ the density and A the cross-sectional area of the cantilever beam. Thus, the resonance frequency depends on the properties of the

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• substrate. It is clear from Table 1 that most studies regarding SERS detection of anionic analytes are reported in the millimolar concentration range. Particularly, the SERS spectrum of bilirubin [20] could be obtained at nanomolar concentration due to the resonance Raman supplementary enhancement mechanism

• surface of the AgNPs. Therefore, the observed blue shift and damping of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak, which is observed only after the formation of Ag+ adions, indicates an electronic contact between the AgNPs and citrate (Figure 1B) [28][29][30]. No SERS spectra of citrate were obtained at pH

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• properties and the AFAM image will reflect the stiffness changes [29]. After parameter optimization, we selected a resonance frequency of 38.41 kHz and a reference point value of 0.1 V. To ensure comparability of the stiffness measurements of the different SU-8 substrates, the acoustic images were recorded

• films are clearly higher than those of the unexposed regions. Figure 2k–o shows the responses of the cantilever to changes of the vibrational amplitude corresponding to cross sections of the acoustic images. Using the same resonance frequency (38.41 kHz), we observe an increase of the image contrast

Dynamics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in viscous liquids in rotating magnetic fields

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Vasiliy A. Bautin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2294–2303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.221

• ; viscous liquid; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticles are promising materials in various areas of biomedicine [1][2][3][4], such as magnetic resonance imaging [5][6][7], targeted drug delivery [8][9][10], and magnetic hyperthermia [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Iron oxide nanoparticles are most

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• (magnetic resonance imaging), tissue repair, and thermal ablation have been gaining considerable attention in recent years. In particular, the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is now advantageous as they are FDA-approved for clinical use [2]. Magnetic Fe3O4-based mesoporous silica

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• properties of plasmonic nanostructures differ significantly from those of the corresponding bulk materials, mainly because of two reasons, i.e., the enhancement in the surface-to-volume ratio and the appearance of resonance effects such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For example, the color, or more

• resonance peak with the prediction by Mie theory. The scattering spectrum also helps to monitor changes of the particle size/shape while heating, as we have demonstrated in Figure 2a of [12]. Both the backscattering and the attenuation profiles show a nice Gaussian shape, suggesting that the optical

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• diamond with unique properties for use in ultra-sensitive, high-resolution magnetometry. One of the most interesting and challenging applications is nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI). While many review papers have covered other NV centers in diamond applications, there is no survey targeting

• methods, this review presents a survey of the latest advances in NV center nano-MRI. Keywords: nanodiamonds; nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI); nitrogen-vacancy center; optically detected magnetic resonance; Review Introduction Spin echoes and free induction decays were first detected in

• 1950 [1] and the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum was reported in 1952 [2]. The first NMR image followed about two decades later, in 1973 [3]. It was not until 1977 that the first human magnetic resonance (MR) images were published [4]. The last few decades have seen the consolidation of

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• Instruments, USA). The pore size distribution was calculated using the Barret–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method. The photoluminescence (PL) was measured on a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-4500, Hitachi, Japan). Electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of the reactive species spin trapped by 5,5-dimethyl-1

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• conjunction with focused ultrasound, and under magnetic resonance imaging guidance, for achieving blood/brain and blood/tumor barrier crossing of drugs [11][12]. Medical MBs have a shell consisting of surfactants, phospholipids, or polymers and are usually stabilized by a fluorocarbon gas [13] that acts as an

• signal for energy deposition, as is required for sonothrombolysis or ablation surgery. MBs incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are sought after as dual contrast agents for ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging [18][19][20] and drug delivery [21][22]. The shells of the presently available

• have been investigated for hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging owing to their increased stability in aqueous media and biocompatibility [27][28]. An even stronger anchoring agent consisting of a dendron structure bearing a bisphosphonate polar head provided increased colloidal stability in

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• range for each experiment. Experimental For the experiments we used a custom-designed AFM equipped with a qPlus sensor. The qPlus sensor is a stiff (k = 1800 N/m) self-sensing quartz sensor with a resonance frequency around f0 = 32 kHz. It has enabled unprecedented results in low-temperature AFM, such

• per hour. The humidity was continuously measured and, if needed, adjusted during the measurement process. All AFM experiments were performed in the frequency-modulation mode with a qPlus sensor with a resonance frequency of 29 to 33 kHz and a stiffness of k = 1.8 kN/m. Typical image parameters were an

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• size (scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction), textural properties (N2 sorption, Hg porosimetry), presence of hydroxyl groups and active sites (temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), mesopore accessibility and diffusion

• coefficient of adsorbed triolein (pulsed field gradient NMR), pore interconnectivity (variable temperature and exchange spectroscopy experiments using hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR) and oxidation state of Ti atoms (electron paramagnetic resonance). The obtained results enabled the detailed understanding of the

• impact of the post-synthetic treatment applied to the ETS-10 titanosilicate with respect to the catalytic activity in the heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides. Keywords: CaO; diffusion; ETS-10; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); transesterification; Introduction One of the

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• mechanically controlled indicator displacement assay for aqueous glucose detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer was also reported [180]. The mechanisms of molecular recognition and sensing are roughly summarized in Figure 9. The most basic mechanism (Figure 9) is considered to form the most

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• toxicity, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, distribution and the payload being carried. Modified protein cages are robust systems that combine imaging capabilities and target selectivity on the same platform. One application is the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Current

• confirms the formation of spherical particles for all three sizes. The surface plasmon resonance depends on the shape and the size of the NPs. For instance, ellipsoid shapes with three different axes have three different dipole modes. When the size of the spherical AuNPs increases, their SPR does not red

• -shift significantly. However, when the spectrum of rod-shaped particles is recorded the SPR shifts dramatically. The central resonance peak around 520–530 nm represents the transverse SPR, which corresponds to the electron oscillation [31] vertically to the long axis and it coincides

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AAc). The hydrogel cores were then encased within either a porous or complete silver shell for which the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extends from visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (i.e., λmax varies from 550 to 1050 nm, depending on the porosity