A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• experiments. Thus, this observation is in agreement with Liu’s electrostatic hypothesis [9]. We note that recently an electrostatic self-assembly seeding of monosized individual diamond nanoparticles (obtained by a detonation method) on silicon dioxide surfaces has been reported [51]. Although the latter

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• conditions (i.e., with benzyl nicotinamide). We also combined thin film deposition with particle lithography [10][17][45][46][47][48][49]. This approach to surface patterning uses photomasks consisting of silicon dioxide mesospheres (d = 500 nm) on surfaces to protect small, discrete regions of the surface

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• silicon dioxide (SiO2) coated Si substrates were analysed in combination with different nano-objects in aqueous solution, which vary in chemical composition, sizes and shape. Experimental details Nanomaterials and substrates Table 1 provides information on the aqueous suspensions of nano-objects, which

• of polycarbonate (pore size 30 nm and 50 nm, Sterlitech Corp, Kent, USA and 100 nm, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) as well as on silicon wafers (crystal orientation <100>) and on silicon wafers (crystal orientation <100>) coated with silicon dioxide. SEM measurements were performed for all

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• of the semiconductor layer is guaranteed. These results are in agreement with the reports presented for a series of transistors with silicon/silicon dioxide substrates of various surface roughness [47][48][49]. It was found, that charge-carrier transport in relatively thick (multilayer

• produced on two different silicon dioxide substrates, characterized by surface energies of 51.8 and 40.1 mN/m, respectively [10]. It was found, that the average charge-carrier mobility was considerably higher (μ = 0.2 cm2/V·s ) when the SiO2 surface energy was lower. The substrate with the higher surface

• accumulation of metastable positive charges at the dielectric/semiconductor interface during the bias stressing. A similar behavior of bidirectional Vth shift was also observed in pentacene OFETs on silicon dioxide substrates modified by polydimethylsiloxane and it was assigned to either hole or electron

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• study is the deposition of nanostructured silica onto the surface of carbon fibers. Among other techniques of covering the carbon fiber surface with a silicon dioxide layer (or other ceramic coatings), the most common ones are chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [4], liquid phase impregnation [5] and sol

• , a drying process at temperatures below 100 °C and high-temperature treatment at several hundred degrees centigrade [1][6]. The most important reason to develop these methods, which are reported in literature with the objective of coating carbon fibers with silicon dioxide and ceramic layers, is

• as catalytically active templates for silicon dioxide formation. In contrast to branched poly(ethylenimine), the LPEI molecules are insoluble in water, which confines the silica deposition onto the surface of the LPEI aggregates. That way, it is possible to create silica-polyamine hybrid particles

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• chemiresistor have been analysed upon NO2 exposure at standard ambient temperature and pressure. Moreover, as comparison, inkjet-printed sensors have been manufactured on standard insulating substrates, namely alumina (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2). They have been characterized through gas sensing and

• = 20 kΩ). The device printed on alumina (device D-AO) resulted in 31 overlapped layers, so driving the base resistance to 30 kΩ, similar to those of the paper-based devices. The fourth typology of device has been fabricated on silicon dioxide. It should be pointed out that the wetting of the aqueous

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• for its application in biotechnology and biomedicine [27][28]. Silicon dioxide is nontoxic and biocompatible, and based on these features it has been proposed as material for drug delivery in cell culture models and for tissue engineering [29]. In addition, silicon offers a flexible surface chemistry

Advances in the fabrication of graphene transistors on flexible substrates

• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Stella Lo Verso,
• Silvestra Di Marco,
• Vincenzo Vinciguerra,
• Emanuela Schilirò,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Raffaella Lo Nigro,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Amaia Zurutuza,
• Alba Centeno,
• Sebastiano Ravesi and
• Filippo Giannazzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.50

• for electronics, such as silicon dioxide on Si. The polymer film surface was coated by a 100 nm protective Al2O3 layer, deposited by DC-pulsed RF reactive sputter, assisted by a cooling system able to maintain the sample below 100 °C. This is a relevant precaution in order to prevent polymer

• substrate. The resulting dielectric constant is 6.9, which is reasonably high considering the low temperature (100 °C) adopted for the dielectric growth and the high roughness of the substrate. As a way of comparison with silicon dioxide, the resulting equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is 16.8 nm. Several

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• isolated SbpA bacterial surface proteins onto silicon dioxide substrates of different surface wettability. Surface modification by UV/ozone oxidation or by vapor deposition of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane yielded hydrophilic or hydrophobic samples, respectively. Time evolution of frequency

• –substrate interactions, the above mentioned protocol was again followed for silicon dioxide substrates under different wettability conditions: either UV/ozone-treated (hydrophilic, water contact angle Θ < 10°) or vapor-coated with a fluorosilane (Θ = 90°). Figure 4a depicts the time evolution of both Δf and

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• manufacturers (VdL), Lotusan® consists of an emulsion of polyoxysiloxane, polymer dispersion, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, water and additives [31]. According to the technical bulletin [32], Lotusan® is characterized by a density of 1.4–1.6 g/mL, and is highly permeable to carbon dioxide and water vapour

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• temperatures reached. Average increases of 3 K, 10 K, and 100 K for different passivation materials, positive and negative polarity, and different thermal anchoring configurations, respectively, are observed. The highest temperatures, up to 424 K, are obtained for silicon dioxide as the passivation material

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• : ATP depletion; calcium crystallization; cytotoxicity; endocytosis; HeLa cells; LDH; mesenchymal stem cells; morphology; necrosis; particle size; silica nanoparticles; TEM; Introduction Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are used in a wide range of commercially available products to improve product

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• lowest increase in the refractive index was obtained using nanoparticles of SiO2 as the reinforcing phase. Using 4 wt % silicon dioxide nanoparticles, the the refractive index increased by 0.02 in relation to the designated coefficient for pure polymer, while for 8 wt % SiO2 n was 1.39. The largest value

• larger than the area of Bi2O3 particles, as a result of which the forces of adhesion per mass unit, responsible for the ability to connect to the reinforcing phase in the agglomerates, are larger. In addition, the analysis of the diameters of the obtained composite PAN nanofibres reinforced with silicon

• dioxide nanoparticles showed that these fibres are characterised by the greatest variety of diameter values in the range from 50 to 350 nm, compared to the other produced fibres (histogram in Figure 7). 2.1 Influence of the distance between the electrodes and the mass concentration of nanoparticles on the

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• , several NPs have been shown to influence on the shear stress in fluids. A suspension of silica NPs with diameters of 8–25 nm resulted in a surprising shear-thickening under steady shear stress [83], and a suspended silicon dioxide nanoparticle increased the shear viscosity of water around it in

Characterization of spherical domains at the polystyrene thin film–water interface

• Khurshid Ahmad,
• Xuezeng Zhao,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Danish Hussain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.51

• also studied. Moreover, changes in surface topography, before and after the contact with water, have also been discussed. Experimental Materials and equipment The following materials and equipment were used in this study: deionized water purified with a Milli-Q A10 system, silicon dioxide (Lijing, LLC

• preparation Polystyrene thin films were spin-coated onto silicon dioxide wafers. Prior to spin coated, the silicon dioxide wafers were cleaned using piranha solution of 3:1 (v/v) sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide for 30 min [8]. The wafers were further cleaned with acetone, ethanol and DI water in an ultrasonic

• sonicator, followed by drying with clean, compressed air. The PS solution (10:1 v/w of toluene/PS) was prepared by dissolving PS beads in toluene. The PS film was spin-coated each of the silicon dioxide wafers at a speed of 3000 rpm. Afterward, the PS-coated surfaces were cured in an electric oven for 4 h

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• silicon dioxide layer was implemented to combine the benefits of interference-enhanced Raman scattering and SERS for further enhancement of the Raman signal [30]. It is worth mentioning that for regular nanocluster arrays, a silica spacer causes an undesirable shift of LSPR energy from the resonant

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• . Titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide are the most produced nanomaterials worldwide (on a mass basis) and the global annual production of silver nanoparticles represents only 2% of that of TiO2 [20][21]. However, silver nanoparticles are the most popular advertised nanomaterial in the

• ). A significant portion of products in the CPI (31% of products analyzed) utilize nanomaterials – mostly silver nanoparticles, but also titanium dioxide and others – to confer antimicrobial protection. Nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide are used to provide protective coatings

• variety of nanomaterial compositions (silver, nano-organics, calcium, gold, silicon dioxide, magnesium, ceramics, etc.) were also advertised to be used for health applications, such as dietary supplements (11%). Potential exposure pathways Since critical information such as nanomaterial size and

Scanning reflection ion microscopy in a helium ion microscope

• Yuri V. Petrov and
• Oleg F. Vyvenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1125–1137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.114

• description of the difference will be treated in the next section. Reflection ion microscopy of silicon dioxide steps on silicon Figure 4 shows images of SiO2 bars on silicon obtained by the detection of SEs (Figure 4a) or RIs (Figure 4b) under the grazing and detection angles of 10°. One can easily recognize

• two main differences between the RI and SE images. Firstly, the contrast between silicon and silicon dioxide is clearly distinguishable in SE image, but not in the RI image. Note that the silicon dioxide bars are darker than the silicon substrate in the SE image (see Figure 4a), while there was no

• noticeable SE signal difference between Au and carbon (see Figure 3a). Additionally, the dark contrast of the upward steps (marked “u” in Figure 4c) seems to be broader in the RI image than in the SE image. The profiles of the SE signal and RI signal measured across the silicon dioxide bar are presented in

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• = 1.4714 ± 0.008, Bn = 13200 ± 1000 nm2 for the ALG layers). The optical dispersion functions of PDA, silicon dioxide and silicon were taken from previous reports [34][62]. The optical dispersion functions of ethanol, isobutanol, toluene and titanium dioxide were taken from the EP4-SE database. Contact

Tunable light filtering by a Bragg mirror/heavily doped semiconducting nanocrystal composite

• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 193–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.18

• films, both thoroughly confirmed in experimental and theoretical works [29][32][33][36][37]. To describe the optical characteristics of the Bragg mirror, we have designed an alternating stack of six bilayers of silicon dioxide (SiO2, n = 1.46) and zinc oxide (ZnO, n = 2) with a layer thickness of 180 nm

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

• Maryna Abacilar,
• Fabian Daus and
• Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

• nanostructure forms a template for the localized silicon dioxide precipitation in LCPA-rich but silaffin-poor areas [20]. From the numerous physical and experimental parameters, which differ from the literature experiments, only the chemical parameter of micro-heterogeneity is resolved in our experiments, which

Bright photoluminescence from ordered arrays of SiGe nanowires grown on Si(111)

• D. J. Lockwood,
• N. L. Rowell,
• A. Benkouider,
• A. Ronda,
• L. Favre and
• I. Berbezier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2498–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.259

• , according to the following equation: In parallel, in the aqueous solution, as a result of the high reduction potential of gold ions, the Si surface, which provides the electrons to reduce the gold ions to metallic gold, oxidizes into SiO2 as per the following equation: This spontaneously formed silicon

• dioxide prevents further metal ion reduction. Since the gold salt reduction process is not possible on SiO2, the reaction immediately stops after the formation of SiO2 [30]. After the selective galvanic deposition of gold clusters on the substrate, the samples were loaded into the MBE chamber. The phase

Characterization of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers and their use in metal–insulator–metal tunnel devices

• Saumya Sharma,
• Mohamad Khawaja,
• Manoj K. Ram,
• D. Yogi Goswami and
• Elias Stefanakos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2240–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.233

• the counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode in a 0.01 M HCl electrolyte solution. The electrochemical measurements were made using a Voltalab PGZ301 system. MIM diode: In this experiment, 50 nm of Ni was sputtered onto a silicon wafer with a passivating surface layer of silicon

• dioxide at a deposition pressure of 3 mTorr. The LB films of 20 and 30 PDA monolayers were deposited onto this Ni-coated substrate using the LB deposition technique [10][18][19]. The Langmuir monolayer was exposed to 254 nm UV radiation to allow cross-linking of the monomers. A confined Ni top contact was

Spin annihilations of and spin sifters for transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves in co- and counter-rotations

• Hyoung-In Lee and
• Jinsik Mok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1887–1898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.199

• -rotational case with |q| = 2. Since n− = 2 (for a material such as silicon dioxide) and n+ = 1 (vacuum), N ≡ n−/n+ = 2. Therefore, the value |q| = 2 delineates the neutral state without any propagations in the azimuthal direction as shown by the inset, where the trajectory is just a radial straight line

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• electrical properties and large surface area, immediately presented themselves as top candidates for the fabrication of a new class of electrodes [107][108][109][110]. Gabay and colleagues [111] developed CNTs-MEAs with improved electrochemical properties by synthesizing “islands” of CNTs on silicon dioxide