Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• quality of our layers was tested in the pH-independent aqueous model redox system K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] [3]. Nernstian pH-dependence is demonstrated by the flat-band potential, φFB, of a single-crystal anatase electrode (Equation 1) [17]: As compared to this TiO2 (anatase) flat-band potential, the redox

• electroreduction (at −0.2 V), is a sign of good coverage of the electroactive FTO by the TiO2 film, which has properties comparable to those of a perfect anatase single crystal. The latter has a flat band potential (φFB) (cf. Equation 1) at ≈−0.5 V at the given experimental conditions (as in Figure 8). Hence, no

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• morphologies was to determine if room-temperature single-photon emitters exist. Figure 2 shows representative 100 × 100 μm2 confocal scans of the TiO2 samples including thin films, single crystal and nanopowders. The films were synthesized as described above, single crystals and nanopowders were purchased (MTI

• fluorescent features in all samples. The untreated and 450 °C films show point-like fluorescent features, whereas the 850 °C reveals filament-like fluorescent structures. The total area scanned for each thin film sample was approximately 1 × 1 cm2. The single-crystal rutile was 10 × 10 × 1.0 mm3 in size. It

• , the characterisation of these single-photon emitting defects is presented in the next two subsections. The single-crystal TiO2 morphology was produced via the floating-zone growth process. The production of TiO2 nanoparticles in industry involves wet chemical processes. For both morphologies, thermal

Fatigue crack growth characteristics of Fe and Ni under cyclic loading using a quasi-continuum method

• Ren-Zheng Qiu,
• Yi-Chen Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1000–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.93

• growth and expansion characteristics of single-crystal Fe and Ni under cyclic loading modes I and II. In particular, the crack growth and expansion characteristics of Fe and Ni under cyclic loading were evaluated in terms of atomic stress fields and force–distance curves. The simulation results indicated

• microscopic scale [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. For face-centered cubic (FCC) metallic systems, Wu et al. [10] have investigated the fatigue crack growth in single-crystal Ni under different cyclic loading regimes. They found that different crack propagation and stress distributions lead to

• changes in fatigue crack growth rates and crack opening displacements. Ma et al. [11] have examined the effect of orientation on the fatigue crack propagation in single-crystal iron under cyclic loading, leading to differences in the crack growth rates and slip directions. The plastic deformation and

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• to the current discussion, the solid state structures of HFeCo3(CO)12 and H2FeRu3(CO)13 have been obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction (Experimental section and as described in literature [66][72]). Figure 1 shows both molecular structures side by side and illustrates the common tetrahedral

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. XRD is used to determine most of the properties of a crystal structure such as lattice constants, lattice geometry, recognition of unknown materials, crystalline phases, size of the crystal, single crystal orientation, stress and lattice defects [127][128][129]. This method is

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• hybrid devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells. However, a key parameter for optimized interfaces is not only the choice of the compounds but also the properties of adsorption. Here, we investigated the deposition of an organic dye precursor molecule on a NiO(001) single crystal surface by means of

• importance for the comprehension and design of improved and more efficient devices. NiO single-crystal surfaces functionalized with adsorbed dye molecules are ideal candidates to analyze the fundamental properties of such systems by SPM techniques. Because of the large band gap of NiO, which is reported to

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ali Marashdeh,
• Thiadrik Tiesma,
• Niels J. C. van Velzen,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Remco W. A. Havenith,
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
• Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

• properties? In this paper we present a thorough study of organometallic gold precursors for FEBIP. Three Au(I) complexes, ClAuCO, ClAuPMe3 and MeAuPMe3, are characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structure of MeAuPMe3 was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction and compared

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• silver nitrate in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, Figure 2) and sodium bromide. The nanobars formed when bromide ions etched the multiply twinned seeds, promoted the formation of single crystal seeds, and initiated anisotropic growth [68]. Longer silver nanowires grew from multiply twinned

Synthesis of [{AgO₂CCH₂OMe(PPh₃)}_n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Jelena Tamuliene,
• Julian Noll,
• Peter Frenzel,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Alexander Jakob,
• Bernhard Walfort and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

• coordination polymer in the solid state as evidenced by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The coordination geometry at Ag+ is of the [3 + 1] type, whereby the carboxylate anions act as bridging ligands. The formation of PPh3–Ag(I) coordinative bonds results in distorted T-shaped AgPO2 units, which are

• instrument by using of ionization potential of 70 eV (EI) and a Bruker Daltonik micrOTOF–QII mass spectrometer (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1–S5). Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of 2 were collected with an Bruker Smart CCD 1k diffractometer with Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å) at 298 K

• ; υasym = 1615 cm−1, υsym = 1423 cm−1), confirming that in the respective carboxylate complexes the organic ligand is µ-bridging the silver atoms [13]. This bonding motif was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 2 (Figure 1). In addition, EI and high-resolution ESI–TOF mass

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• years several methods to purify FEBID deposits have been presented. For instance, in the case of tungsten, it was found that just by applying a smart writing strategy one could produce single-crystal nanowires [47] whereas the use of a supersonic carrier gas can also yield nanostructures of a high

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• the S/N ratio involves the use of low-fluorescence materials as substrates. High-purity substrates may be obtained only by starting from reagents with high purity under highly controlled reaction conditions. This is the rule of silicon technology, in which(100) single-crystal 99.999999999% pure

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• of the tilt angle during the contact time. The treatment with nonionic surfactants of different HLB values showed a reduction in EWC density as well as in single crystal heights, caused by dissolution. Dissolution was most distinctive after treatment with the surfactants with a lower HLB value, which

Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation and scratch in Cu grain boundaries

• Shih-Wei Liang,
• Ren-Zheng Qiu and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2283–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.228

• indenter since the grain boundary structure with a 40° angle was similar to that of single crystal copper. Upon an indentation of 2 nm (Figure 10), the slip area of the grain boundary with a 10° angle is concentrated on the grain boundary, as shown in Figure 10a. In the case of the grain boundaries with 20

• ° and 30° angles (Figure 10b,c, respectively), the dislocation appeared around the location of the indenter and extended to the lower grain boundary. Since the grain boundary structure with a 40° angle (Figure 10d) was similar to the general structure of single-crystal Cu, the atoms did not move along

• properties were similar to that of a normal single-crystal Cu. With the aim to further understand the situation of the atomic flow inside the structure, the atomic flow diagram at the different angles for the 5 nm scratch was used, as shown in Figure 14. In the case of the 10° angle scratch (Figure 14a), the

The interplay between spin densities and magnetic superexchange interactions: case studies of mono- and trinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes

• Azar Aliabadi,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Vladislav Kataev and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2245–2256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.224

• ENDOR spectra of 8@7 at (ν = 9.56 GHz, T = 20 K) at six different orientations of the single crystal in the external magnetic field. The 0° orientation corresponds to the direction of B0 along the -axis of the g-tensor, and the 90° orientation represents the perpendicular direction. Reproduced with

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• corresponding SAED pattern (Figure 2g) indicated that the sample was a TiB2 single crystal with high crystallinity. In general, the HRTEM and SAED analysis results of the hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites corresponded with those of the above-mentioned XRD, EDX and FSEM characterizations. Effects of

Transport characteristics of a silicene nanoribbon on Ag(110)

• Ryoichi Hiraoka,
• Chun-Liang Lin,
• Kotaro Nakamura,
• Ryo Nagao,
• Maki Kawai,
• Ryuichi Arafune and
• Noriaki Takagi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1699–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.170

• temperature STM (P < 10−10 Torr, T = 6 K). A Ag(110) single crystal surface was cleaned by repeated Ar ion sputtering and annealing at around 800 K. The STM tip was made of an electrochemically etched W wire and postannealed in the UHV chamber. The SiNRs were synthesized on Ag(110) by depositing Si atoms from

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• applications. Experimental Synthesis of VGNs ECR-PECVD was employed for the growth of VGNs on thermally oxidized SiO2/Si substrates. The SiO2 layer was grown on single-crystal Si substrates by thermal oxidation and the thickness of the oxide layer is maintained at around 400 nm by controlling oxidation time

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• oxidation of As occurs. The As 2p3/2 peak centered at 1323 eV in as-grown As:GeH starts disappearing in favor of a 1326.1 eV [35] oxidized state. The effect of dopants on the electronic transport of single-crystal flakes of Ga:GeH and As:GeH were measured with contacts fabricated by using a shadow mask

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• ordered interfaces of this kind were realized by depositing one of the two phthalocyanines on a gold(100) single crystal, which resulted in well-oriented thin films [125][126][127]. Subsequently, the partner phthalocyanine was deposited on top, which finally gave rise to well-ordered heterojunctions as

• revealed by polarization dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies [127]. In Figure 12 we present corresponding N 1s absorption spectra for pure MnPc and two different film thicknesses of an F16CoPc overlayer, deposited on a gold single crystal. Different light polarizations with respect to the

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• -effect mobility, investigated in rubrene single-crystal transistors equipped with various dielectrics layers, is shown in Figure 7. In Figure 7a, for the device based on Parylene C, the suppression of contact effects requires a larger VDS value (and thus also a larger value of VGS), in order to remain in

• derivatives (parylenes). Because of its unique properties described above, the latter polymer has the potential to outgrow the remaining candidates in its application as a gate dielectric in both single-crystal organic transistors and polycrystalline TFTs. One of the most cited publications in the field of

• organic field effect transistors is the work of Podzorov et al. describing rubrene single-crystal transistors with Parylene C used as the gate insulating material [2]. This configuration allowed the authors to fabricate OFET devices with high charge-carrier mobility and reproducible characteristics

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• reached and is not saturated at the maximum field of 7 T. This is in line with earlier reports on β-MnPc powder and single-crystal samples [10][11][27][28]. However, to our knowledge no reports on the coercivity in β-MnPc thin films from OMBD have been made. The magnetic moment at 7 T amounts to 2.1 μB

Adsorption and electronic properties of pentacene on thin dielectric decoupling layers

• Sebastian Koslowski,
• Daniel Rosenblatt,
• Alexander Kabakchiev,
• Klaus Kuhnke,
• Klaus Kern and
• Uta Schlickum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1388–1395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.140

• pressure of 3·10−10 mbar and investigated in a custom-built STM operating at a temperature of 5.3 K in UHV. A Rh(111) single crystal was cleaned by an initial Ar+ bombardment at 1103 K for 1 h and a subsequent series of repetitive Ar-ion bombardments (15–30 min) at room temperature, followed by annealing

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• . After cooling down overnight, the fine crystalline precipitate was filtered off and dried in vacuo to yield brown or dark violet powders. The crystals were too small for single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. In Figure 1, the magnetic properties of [FeLeq(bpea)]n (1) and [FeLeq(bpey)]n (3) as plot of

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of two series of substituted (metallo)tetraphenylporphyrins

• Rasha K. Al-Shewiki,
• Carola Mende,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1191–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.121

• sterically more demanding substituents will vary film morphologies one can, for example, inspect the results of the single-crystal crystallographic characterization even of the compounds displayed in Figure 1. It is instructive to notice, that for ZnTPP(OMe)4 [13] the formation of 2D layers is observed in

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• ) single crystal substrates. Beside their potential application as electrode materials, the choice of these established standard substrate for STM/STS investigations provides the advantages of comparability to results of earlier measurements and well-known fast cleaning treatments. Experimental Er3N@C80

• evaporator for t ≈ 4 min at a temperature of about T ≈ 800 K on the single crystal substrates. By this procedure, samples with a coverage of about 16% could be prepared reproducibly. In order to induce the formation of monolayer height molecule islands on the surfaces, the substrates were heated (T = 620–670