Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• -termination for a copper catalyst. In addition, as it was shown in [59] for dendritically shaped graphene single crystals (low partial pressure of hydrogen), multiple small adlayers are favorable. Therefore, we believe that during the C10H22 decomposition there is enough hydrogen to terminate the graphene

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• (vs), 1450 (vs), 1589 (vs), 1688 (s), 2545 (vw), 2636 (vw), 3413 (s). Iron furoate [Fe3O(C4H3OCOO)6(CH3OH)3]NO3∙2CH3OH (FeF) was obtained as reddish single crystals following the procedure described by Melnic et. al. [35] from a mixture of Cu2(C4H3OCOO)4∙4H2O, Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O and methanol. The structure

• )3∙9H2O (0.5 g) in 5 mL methanol. The process took place at 60 °C for 5 h, with heating and cooling rates of 0.1 °C/min. Dark brown reddish single crystals were observed directly in the autoclave at the end of the process. The structure of the compound was confirmed by FTIR, EDX and single crystal

• the scan step was 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. For analysis of single crystals and for powder diffraction measurements of several samples, an Oxford-Diffraction XCALIBUR E CCD diffractometer equipped with monochromated Mo Kα radiation was used. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on a

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• growth of single crystals, are well known and well elaborated. It seemed that nothing could prevent the success of the synthesis of ferromagnetic ZnO doped by iron, manganese, cobalt, or other “magnetic” atoms. Indeed first successes came soon. Ferromagnetic ZnO films were synthesised by pulsed laser

• deposition (PLD), or magnetron sputtering [5][6][7][8][9]. However, the first disappointments also appeared immediately. Namely, single crystals, ceramics sintered from coarse-grained powders and single-crystalline films deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were never ferromagnetic. Other synthesis

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• this data and confirm that these nanoparticles are single crystals, discarding the appearance of twinning effects (Figure 1). The size distribution fits to a Gaussian profile with a mean size of 19 ± 2 nm for the magnetic nuclei, which do not undergo changes when coating with PMAO polymer (Figure 1b

Phenalenyl-based mononuclear dysprosium complexes

• Yanhua Lan,
• Andrea Magri,
• Olaf Fuhr and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.92

• distilled THF, anhydrous starting materials and oven-dried glassware. So far, single crystals of the complex 4 were not obtained, thus its exact structure remains unknown yet. Nevertheless, the product was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and UV–vis spectrophotometry in comparison

• to the complexes 1–3. In addition, complex 4 was successfully sublimated at about 300 °C in high vacuum (10−6 mbar). To confirm the thermal stability, the compound was also characterized after the sublimation process. X-ray crystal structures Single crystals of the complexes 1–3 were grown through

• hexahydrous DyCl3 in a 3:1 molar ratio in the presence of NaH or diisopropylamine. Single crystals in reasonable yields were obtained by slow evaporation of the solvents. All compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques and their solid-state structures were established by

A terahertz-vibration to terahertz-radiation converter based on gold nanoobjects: a feasibility study

• Kamil Moldosanov and
• Andrei Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 983–989, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.90

• text for details. Vibrational density of states of gold as extracted from (a) inelastic neutron scattering on thick foils [2], (b) plasmon resonance Raman scattering on nanocrystals [3] (green dots) and reconstructed from force constants fitted to inelastic neutron scattering data from massive single

• crystals [4] (continuous black line). Adapted from Figure 2 of Muñoz et al. [2] and Figure 5a of Bayle and co-workers [3]. Geometry of nanoobjects and phonon/electron momenta in GNB (a) and in GNR (b). For simplicity, the momentum pph of the microwave photon is omitted, by force of relations , . Note that

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• nanocrystals and large single crystals. By assembling nanocrystals on a Langmuir trough, large areas could be covered by monolayers consisting of randomly arranged nanocrystals. Alternatively, we used a method based on local supersaturation to grow large area single crystals of the precisely side-branched

• polymer from solution. Attachment of the semiconducting molecules to the lamellar surface of large single crystals was possible, however, only after an appropriate annealing procedure. As a function of the duration of the grafting process, the morphology of the resulting layer of semiconducting molecules

• changed from patchy to compact. Keywords: monolayer; nanocrystals; precision polyethylene; semiconducting molecules; single crystals; Introduction Organic chemistry constantly provides new, high-performance semiconducting molecules for organic electronic applications [1]. However, efforts to develop

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• literature, the most-widely used approach leading to epitaxial L10 FePt films with perpendicular magnetization is sputtering or e-beam evaporation on MgO(001) single crystals at elevated temperatures [19] or, alternatively, deposition at ambient temperature followed by an annealing step [20]. On amorphous

• preparation via cutting, mechanical grinding and polishing followed by low angle Ar+ ion milling. Structural analysis of nanoparticles and films on top of single crystalline substrates by electron diffraction in RHEED geometry In the following, we briefly discuss the RHEED experiments on (i) single crystals

• (0001) single crystals In this section we present RHEED investigations on sapphire(0001) single crystals. For a systematic understanding, we first discuss the orientation of a smooth FePt film, which forms a larger interface with the substrate as compared to the corresponding NPs. Thus, a stronger

Single-molecule magnet behavior in 2,2’-bipyrimidine-bridged dilanthanide complexes

• Wen Yu,
• Frank Schramm,
• Eufemio Moreno Pineda,
• Yanhua Lan,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Hironari Isshiki,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 126–137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.15

• complexes have been studied comprehensively. The dynamic magnetic behavior of the Dy(III) and Er(III) compounds clearly exhibits single molecule magnet (SMM) characteristics with an energy barrier of 97 and 25 K, respectively. Moreover, micro-SQUID measurements on single crystals confirm their SMM behavior

• an oscillating magnetic field of 3.5 Oe. All data were corrected for diamagnetic contributions from the eicosane and core diamagnetism, estimated using Pascal’s constants [31]. Low temperature (0.03–5 K) magnetization measurements were performed on single crystals using a micro-SQUID apparatus at

• temperature. We have studied single crystals for complexes 2, 3 and 5 at mK temperatures employing a micro-SQUID apparatus. No hysteresis loop was obtained for compounds 2 (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5) and 5 (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6) even down to 0.03 K. The magnetization of Er2

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• cm−1, which can be assigned to the Zn–I vibration (expected at 166 cm−1). Single crystals of 2 were grown for X-ray diffraction analysis. Unfortunately, the exact structure determination was not possible due to substantial orientational disorder. The heterocubane core and the presence of iodine could

• those of good quality ZnO single crystals. Once again the PL measurements demonstrate that the crystal quality of ZnO materials prepared from molecular precursors can be improved by controlled Cl doping. The synthetic strategy via molecular precursors enables not only a high doping concentration, but

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• treated as single crystals, have been obtained. This can be seen in HRTEM studies [49]. Therefore, oxide penetration is hampered and becomes much slower. The stepwise decomposition of the Fe(acac)3 complex causes the presence of grain-like growth of each subsequent layer. This introduces many more grain

Capillary and van der Waals interactions on CaF₂ crystals from amplitude modulation AFM force reconstruction profiles under ambient conditions

• Annalisa Calò,
• Oriol Vidal Robles,
• Sergio Santos and
• Albert Verdaguer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 809–819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.84

• single crystals a few millimeters thick (Crystal GmbH, Berlin, Germany) were cleaved parallel to the (111) plane [40] in ambient conditions and kept under low humidity conditions before experiments. A low humidity level (RH < 10%) was achieved by mounting the samples on a cooler/heater holder for

Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates

• Omar F. Farhat,
• Mohd M. Halim,
• Mat J. Abdullah,
• Mohammed K. M. Ali and
• Nageh K. Allam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 720–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.73

• membranes. Consequently, low-temperature fabrication routes are essential to maximize the benefits of the unique material architecture. The crystallinity of the ZnO nanorods must also be controlled for their application in photocatalysis and in dye-sensitized solar cells. Further, single crystals are

Influence of the supramolecular architecture on the magnetic properties of a Dy^III single-molecule magnet: an ab initio investigation

• Julie Jung,
• Olivier Cador,
• Kevin Bernot,
• Fabrice Pointillart,
• Javier Luzon and
• Boris Le Guennic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2267–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.236

• the grafting or deposition mode [25][31][32][33], it can show erratic hysteresis and even some depth- dependence of the magnetic behavior when multilayers are considered [34]. In order to overcome these drawbacks and to understand their origin, many studies have been undertaken on single-crystals to

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• investigate a possible interlayer charge transfer. The Raman spectra of (SnS)1.17NbS2 and (PbS)1.18TiS2 (powdered samples and single crystals) as well as single crystals of (PbS)1.14NbS2 were compared to those of the pure substances and showed a superposition of the interlayer vibrations of the individual

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• identical under ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) conditions and in contact with an electrolyte. However, there are several examples for which the stability of electrode surfaces is limited to certain potential regions or reaction conditions. Among these are (i) reconstructed surfaces of Au and Pt single crystals [10

• earlier studies, we have examined the electrochemical behaviour of Ir single crystals [17][18], including thermally-induced faceted Ir(210) [19][20]. Besides the laborious preparation under UHV conditions [21][22], faceted Ir(210) can easily be obtained outside a UHV chamber by inductive heating and

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• single crystals for Fe(CO)5 decomposition [8]. The proposed activation mechanism involves the electron-beam induced formation of reactive organic moieties, which might be reactive also towards the initial decomposition of Co(CO)3NO. Such investigations are, however, out of the scope of the present study

Shape-selected nanocrystals for in situ spectro-electrochemistry studies on structurally well defined surfaces under controlled electrolyte transport: A combined in situ ATR-FTIR/online DEMS investigation of CO electrooxidation on Pt

• Sylvain Brimaud,
• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 735–746, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.86

• extended single crystals, as evidenced by both voltammetric traces and the vibrational properties of adsorbed CO. The possibility to prepare tailored model electrodes, whose active surface is dominated by one or more specific structural elements, offers new perspectives for spectro-electrochemical

Oriented attachment explains cobalt ferrite nanoparticle growth in bioinspired syntheses

• Annalena Wolff,
• Walid Hetaba,
• Marco Wißbrock,
• Stefan Löffler,
• Nadine Mill,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Axel Dreyer,
• Inga Ennen,
• Norbert Sewald,
• Peter Schattschneider and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 210–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.23

• display similar sizes and shapes as their aggregates which can either be iso-oriented crystals or single crystals. These aggregates are formed in the self-assembly of the building blocks (and their fusion in case of the single crystal) [11][12] and are called secondary nanoparticles [12]. The metastable

Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

• Ana M. Gómez-Marín,
• Ruben Rizo and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.108

• diagram for oxygen reduction over Pt(111), Pt(211), Pt(100) and Pt(110) at 0.9 V, on the basis of reported adsorption energies [13][33][44][58]. Plot of the half-height potential, E1/2, for the oxygen reduction as a function of the angle of the surface with respect to Pt single crystals, basal planes and

• stepped surfaces, in 0.5 M H2SO4 (filled squares) and 0.1 M HClO4 (open circles) [17][23]. Plot of the kinetic currents at 0.8 V, jkin(0.8 V), for the oxygen reduction as a function of the angle of the surface with respect to Pt single crystals, basal planes and stepped surfaces, in 0.1 M NaOH [66]. (A

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• line profile analysis (Figure 6a). However, the metric accessible from XRD is the twin boundary frequency. It describes the mean probability (in percent) that a lattice plane within the ensemble of (111) planes is a twin plane and is based on a purely statistical analysis established for single

• crystals with randomly distributed twin boundaries. For example, here the initial twin boundary frequency of ftwin(0) = 1.57% means that on average every 67th (111) lattice plane is a twin plane, corresponding to an average spacing between two twin boundaries of about 15 nm for (111) twins in Pd. It is

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• kind is, however, that one succeeds in developing economic methods for producing large quantities of nanoglasses with well-controlled microstructures. Comparison of the diffusivities in nanocrystalline (nc) Cu, Ni and Pd in comparison to the diffusivities in single crystals (SC) of Cu, Ni and Pd. Tm is

Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling microscope study

• Michael Marz,
• Keisuke Sagisaka and
• Daisuke Fujita

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 406–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.48

• experimental conditions has been performed by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements. We show that Ni clusters are formed following a monomodal distribution, and that mild annealing can transform the Ni particles into single crystals. Within the annealing process two distinguishable regimes

• K to 870 K. Figure 4b shows the sample after annealing for one hour with constant current and a maximum temperature of Tmax = 450 K. It is noticeable that the cluster shape has changed drastically. Now the Ni-clusters exhibit a quasi-hexagonal structure, suggesting the formation of single crystals

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• diagram in Figure 4. Second, the coarse-grained samples synthesised by the conventional powder sintering method, bulk single crystals or single-crystalline films are always diamagnetic or paramagnetic [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. They are positioned in the left part of the diagram in Figure 4. In

• have substantial error bars. The single crystals and single crystalline films [26][49] have no GBs, and formally the sGB value is zero for them. We choose the value of sGB = 4 × 102 m2/m3 in order to indicate such data in Figure 4 (open squares). If the samples studied in the literature were poreless

• behaviour in bulk ZnO and, as we can see from the Figure 4 and respective plots in [6] and [18], the bulk ZnO (single crystals or coarse-grained polycrystals) remains non-FM even after the strong doping. The presence of grain boundaries is critically important for the FM behaviour of the zinc oxide

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• content = 12.3 g/L, Schloetter Galvanotechnik, Geislingen/Steige, Germany) exhibit a polycrystalline structure independently of temperature and voltage. In contrast, wires grown in a solution of potassium dicyanoaurate(I) (Puramet 402 bath, gold content = 10 g/L, Doduco, Pforzheim, Germany) yield single

• crystals at temperatures between 50 and 65 °C under both direct-current and reverse-pulse deposition conditions. The resulting single-crystalline wires have a preferred [110] orientation. Figure 8a shows a representative TEM image of a polycrystalline Au nanowire deposited with an ammonium gold(I) sulfite