Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• PDA as a PTM to improve the chemical stability and light absorption ability [49]. The Ni1Co3@PDA was dispersed onto the surface of a round commercial sponge by drop casting. The photothermal performance of the Ni1Co3@PDA deposited on the sponge was then evaluated using a kerosene lamp-like setup

• (Figure 11a). In this setup, a cotton rod was employed to connect between the sponge and bulk water. Thorough capillary forces, water is transported to the photothermal sponge. This is a simple design but efficiently minimizes the transport energy loss. In order to optimize the water evaporation rate and

• energy efficiency, the thickness of the photothermal sponge was changed in the range from 0.6 to 6.0 cm. It was then found that the evaporation rate increased from 1.49 to 2.42 kg·m−2·h−1 (Figure 11b). This was most likely because the average temperature of the sponge surface was lowered by the increased

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• the lysosomes, exposing the PDMAEMA layer decorated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ligand to the environment. The TPP lipophilic cation is characterized by a large hydrophobic surface area, which facilitates its permeation throughout phospholipid bilayers, lysosomal escape due to the proton sponge

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• abundantly expressed. In the positively charged dendrimer the siRNA is stably protected from enzymatic digestion. The composite easily escapes from the endosome through the proton sponge effect of the dendrimer. Furthermore, inclusion complex formation of α-CyD with phospholipids facilitates the release of

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• porous structure of the chitosan with an absorbable collagen sponge encourages osteoblast stem cells to attach to the surface to proliferate and differentiate promoting bone development. As compared to absorbable collagen sponges, the increase in bone mineral density, defect closure, and new bone

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• –Au NPs, and ZnO nanospheres–Au NPs, using this method. Some unusual fabrication methods include a poriferous ZnO–Ag substrate obtained by a film scraping method on paper [51][52]. A film with fluffy sponge-like morphology was obtained, pointing out its high specific surface area and showing uniform

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• intelligence. Wang et al. proposed a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene film and sponge-like graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite material to prepare a multifunctional self-powered sensor [51]. The sensor can infer the performance of the material through the difference in the output of the electrical

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• underneath the noble metal [13]. The second mechanism involves two holes (n = 2). Per etched Si atom one H2 molecule is formed. This etching mechanism is not limited to the metal–silicon interface and occurs in a wider area around the noble metal. This etching mechanism mainly results in nanoporous sponge

• created nanoporous sponge-like structures, which consist of various pinholes with a diameter below 1 nm. This shows that the etching was dominated by the second etching mechanism where n = 2. Higher H2O2 concentrations lead to significant structural destruction, including the delamination of wide areas

• . The etching process with Pd yields bundles of nanoscopic sponge structures. They are separated by larger free spaces formed by agglomerated Pd particles (Figure 7b). The mean etching depth was approx. 600 nm at the wafer centre. The wafer edge showed significant structure delamination. In contrast to

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• studies. A plate-like appearance and the sharp reflexes of 2D-AzoC2 and 2D-AzoOC4 indicate highly ordered materials, which we explain by strong π-stacking forces between the organic ligands. 2D-AzoOC12 forms a more sponge-like unordered network and yields broader reflexes, which is due to the more

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• efficiency [3]. One of the widely explored non-viral polymeric carriers for gene delivery is poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), which can effectively escape from the endosomes through the “proton sponge” mechanism [4]. However, PEI systems are limited by their toxicity and, hence, there is a need for less toxic but

• systems have emerged as a front-runner for gene delivery applications due to their polycationic nature, biocompatibility as well as the ability to escape the endosome by activating the proton sponge mechanism. In an earlier report, histidylated poly(ʟ-lysine) was found to exhibit high transfection

• delivery applications. The imidazole moieties in PVI can neutralize the acidic pH value, which in turn can aid their endosomal escape through the proton sponge mechanism, through altering the membrane permeability or through by-passing the endosomes [26]. However, the confocal images also reveal that a

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• endosomal compartment, including – among others – via the so-called “proton sponge effect” [170][171]. Materials capable to induce this proton sponge effect started to find their application in vivo only recently [172]. Several other strategies are being developed, including some inspired by viruses and

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• as the pitch (red) and the resin (green) graphitized at 3000 °C. The sponge-like monolithic structure is retained even at high temperature. The resin-derived carbon monolith displays thicker macropore walls and a less homogenous macropore space, while the macroporosity of the pitch-based carbon

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• ]. Tertiary amino groups in these polymers bring protons into the endosomes producing osmotic alterations that provoke endosomal rupture (proton sponge effect) [54]. The incorporation of peptides such as the GALA peptide (WEAALAEALAEALAEHLAEALAEALEALAA) capable to fuse with the endosomal/liposomal membrane is

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• of different size and shape [61][62]. A hydrogen-based reduction in alcohols like methanol, heptanol, and propanol leads to sponge-like rhodium nanostructures [63]. Palladium nanoparticles can be synthesized either by the polyol process or by sono-, electro- and wet-chemical methods [64]. The

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• thin homogeneous film covering the substrate with a sponge-like meshwork on top [11][12][25][26]. This topography is not altered by the release of the de-adhesive substance [26]. In the forcipulatid sea star Asterias rubens, adhesive secretions were investigated in greater detail. In this species, the

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• implants [21][22]. It is also used as an absorbable hemostatic sponge to provide an occlusive matrix [23][24] and as a bone healing material in tissue engineering [25][26] in the field of dentistry. Recent studies have attempted to regenerate collagen fibers, lost as a result of periodontal disease, using

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• )-active substrates. An analogous procedure was successfully performed for the production of mesoporous silver films by chemical reduction of oxidized silver films. The sponge-like silver blocks with high surface area and the in-situ-prepared mesoporous silver films are efficient as both analyte adsorbents

• silver prepared at a double excess of NaBH4 is of 230 ± 90 nm (Figure 1c) and the related pore size is about 100 nm. A ten-fold excess of NaBH4 led to full conversion of polycrystalline Ag2O to ≈1 μm sponge-like Ag grains (Figure 1d), which also contained numerous mesopores. As it was discussed elsewhere

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• ) on a commercial sponge using iCVD [46]. Figure 9b shows the iCVD coating conformally covering the sponge’s microstructure. Previously, Lau et al. demonstrated conformal coverage of iCVD grown fluoropolymers on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests to prevent capillary densification as seen

• -bead with conformal iCVD pHEMA coating, b) SEM image of commercial sponge with pHDFMA coating, c) SEM image of carbon nanotube forest with iCVD PTFE coating, d) TEM image of CNT bundle coated with MLD alucone coating, e) TEM image of lithium spinel oxide particle coated with iCVD pV4D4 coating, f) SEM

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• carbon is localized as separate islands on the boundaries of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x particles (Figure 1C). The carbon obtained from cross-linked PVA has a sponge-like microstructure with nanometer-sized mesopores (Figure 1D). Thermogravimetry (TG) curves of the linear and cross-linked PVA demonstrate the

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• TiO2-based nanostructures are presented in Figure 3. According to the side-view image (Figure 3b) and the previous analysis [27][28][39][40], the cross-section of flower-like TiO2 nanostructures reveals a compact layer, sponge-like form, and nanoflowers on top of the structure. The flower-like objects

• surface area. Moreover, the sponge-like walls (or petals) induce fast charge transport. However, lower sensitivity to various gases can be attributed to phase composition. Anatase and rutile are the most common titanium dioxide polymorphs, which exhibit different properties [43]. Anatase is a more

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• (0.15 mL/min). Once the microcannula was removed, a haemostatic gelatin sponge was firmly applied on the puncture site for five minutes. Without removing the haemostatic agent, the laparotomy was closed, and meloxicam (2 mg/kg sc) plus buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg sc) were administered. Heat induction

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• + sponge, Fe-L3-oMWCNT#Kuźnik, able to absorb 14% iron over its entire mass [26]. We used the same acid chloride of the oMWCNT intermediate to covalently bond PEG–OH (PEG: poly(ethylene glycol)) chains and then to anchor the iron cations (Fe-PEG-oMWCNT#Kuźnik). Finally, the last group of oMWCNT

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• respond to incident light in the visible and near-ultraviolet region and to generate a photocurrent. Keywords: carbon nanotube sponge; electrochemical; hydrophobicity; lipophilicity; Introduction In the last years, there has been growing interest in developing natural and synthetic three-dimensional

• incident light and generate a photocurrent, we cut a piece of the CNT-sponge, which has a self-sustainable structure, and used it as the working electrode in a standard electrochemical cell. In this manner, it was possible to register a good photo-response of the CNT-network in the visible and near

• the variation of the static contact angle as a function of the time at room temperature shows a reduction of the initial value of less than 2% after 100 min, due to water evaporation. This proves the stability of the super-hydrophobic state (Figure 5b). These findings indicate that the CNT-sponge