A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• the superhydrophobic state [44][88][89][90][91]. 2.4 Surface chemistry effects A substantial number of studies have demonstrated that complex surfaces decorated with a sophisticated surface chemistry can dramatically affect the effective slip length for nanoscale flow systems. The surface textures we

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• molecules, offering unique opportunities for the bottom-up assembly of novel carbon-based materials using on-surface chemistry [48][49]. However, the significantly reduced catalytic activity on non-metallic substrates requires exploring alternative reaction mechanisms beyond thermal activation, for example

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• nanoparticles are reported in the literature tabulated in Table 1. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is depicted based on several factors such as morphology, size and surface chemistry as shown in Table 1 and Figure 2. In vitro cytotoxicity of anisotropic nanoparticles The use of anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• , and surface chemistry, determine their cytotoxicity. For example, gold nanoparticles of different shapes, as shown in Figure 3, displayed morphology-dependent cytotoxicity. Rod-shaped gold nanoparticles were more toxic than nanostars and nanospheres [54]. The potential risk is higher for anisotropic

• microscopy revealed fundamental and mechanistic information regarding nanoparticle–cell interactions and their uptake into cell organelles. The metal content within the cells was determined via ICP-MS. Cell toxicity of nanoparticles depends on their size, shape, surface chemistry (predominantly determined by

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• understood yet. Herein, we present a mechanistic study of cellular internalization pathways of two magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) differing in surface chemistry into A549 cells. The MNP uptake was investigated in the presence of different inhibitors of endocytosis and monitored by spectroscopic and

• imaging techniques. The results revealed that the route of MNP entry into cells strongly depends on the surface chemistry of the MNPs. While serum bovine albumin-coated MNPs entered the cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CavME) or lipid rafts were preferentially

• carrier, are the most frequently used materials for biomedical applications [17][18][19][20]. The impact of the surface chemistry on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake has not been sufficiently clarified yet. MNPs with comparable basic physicochemical characteristics (e.g., particle size, surface charge

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• -mediated endocytosis, and micropinocytosis. These routes depend heavily on the cell type studied [16][17] and on the vector properties, such as size, shape, chemical composition, and surface chemistry [18][19]. Therefore, the fate of the vector/DNA complex taken up by a cell depends on the type of

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• several suggestions for the possibility of microanalysis on the HIM, the most common of these being Rutherford backscattered ion imaging (RBI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) [7][8][9]. However, the variation of RBI intensity with changing surface chemistry, specifically the atomic number, Z

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• and no defined surface chemistry, since different oxide types can occur. The vW model fails to provide a complete theoretical description of gold deposition onto silicon oxide. This happens since there is not enough information about the morphology and chemical heterogeneity of silicon oxide surfaces

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• nanoparticles are synthesized, resulting in nanoparticles with different dimensions and shape. On the other hand, the nanoparticle surface chemistry as well as the surrounding environment exert a weaker influence on the plasmonic properties. For the non-plasmonic nanoparticles, the photothermal properties are

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• incubated with NPs was higher than 80% even at high NP concentrations. The cytotoxicity results demonstrate that the NCs have a good biocompatibility which is needed for biomedical applications. A number of intrinsic factors such as shape, size and surface chemistry of the nanostructures strongly influence

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• SPIONs for medical applications it is necessary to cover the SPIONs with a biocompatible material that prevents the aggregation of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticle coating or conjugation has the advantage of creating a designed surface chemistry for specific applications. This coating has a downside as

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• ; size; surface chemistry; Introduction Nanomedicine is one of the most exciting fields of research in the branch of nanotechnology as it has the potential to generate practical and effective solutions to tackle chronic diseases and to solve unmet clinical challenges. However, a tremendous gap exists

• necessary. This is not always straightforward due to the interdependence between the various chemical and physical properties. In the present study, two sets of nanoparticles were prepared with the aim to specifically investigate the effect of the surface curvature and surface chemistry on platelet

• comparison, therefore, excludes surface charge and hydrophilicity as variables to be investigated. In Figure 12 we summarise the strategy used to unravel possible SARs. This strategy allowed us to identify the surface chemistry as the key factor in the protein corona composition while both surface chemistry

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• vivo methods for a more efficient and reliable evaluation of NP drugs [12]. However, many variables such as the size, surface chemistry, and interaction of the NPs with different biological compounds within the body influence the trajectory of NPs in vivo [13][14][15]. This makes it challenging to

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• Maximilian Wassner Markus Eckardt Andreas Reyer Thomas Diemant Michael S. Elsaesser R. Jurgen Behm Nicola Husing Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.1

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• mucus. Drug carrier systems such as nanoparticles (NPs) require proper surface chemistry and small size to ensure their permeability through the hydrogel-like systems. We have employed a microfluidic system to fabricate poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with a muco-penetrating

• ][16]. Notably, only NPs with size less than 200 nm have the ability to permeate easily through mucus without being immobilized by the natural size-filtering mechanism [10][17][18][19]. Furthermore, modifying the surface chemistry of NPs is beneficial for avoiding the interaction/filtering mechanisms

• Discussion Influence of different parameters on the NP size Smaller nanoparticles (NPs) are known to have a better diffusion through mucus, whereby they can evade the natural size-filtration mechanism [10][14][39]. Furthermore, the surface chemistry of NPs plays a crucial role in facilitating their

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• literature data of 1.36 nm [38]. Impact of H2O2 treatment on crystallinity, textural characteristics, surface chemistry and pore interconnectivity of ETS-10 titanosilicates The XRD data of treated samples in Figure 7A demonstrate that the treatment of titanosilicates with H2O2 and subsequent calcination does

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• dissipation, the experiments concluded that charge carriers produced in the Pt shell via LSPR excitation from the Ag nanocube core could be utilized for surface chemistry. Similarly, Zhang et al. coined the term “antenna–reactor” photocatalysis by fabricating Al, surrounded by a thin layer of Al2O3, as a

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• above which the interface effect prevails and below which the photoresponse is associated with quantum confinement. That is, size and surface chemistry of the NCs and oxygen-related bonds are the factors determining the photocurrent spectra. It is well understood that annealing results in the formation

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• of various functional composite materials [26]. The anisotropic shape (hollow tubules having lengths from 300 nm to 1–2 µm, 50–70 nm diameter, and 20 nm lumen) and surface chemistry (outer surface of SiO2, inner surface of Al2O3) make these nanotubes ideal carriers for novel catalysts, polymer

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• sodium and molecular sieves. n-Butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, Sigma) was diluted to 10 mM with diethyl ether. Deionized water was used as the complementary precursor, dissolved in diethyl ether (20 mM). The purging was carried out with nitrogen from the Schlenk line. In order to monitor the surface

• chemistry, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system was installed behind the exit of the deposition setup with tubing of minimal length (2 cm), effectively allowing the deposition to occur on the QCM crystal as well. The waste pumped out of the QCM chamber was immediately neutralized with ethanol

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• of the deposited particles, which is close to 25 nm [31]. Previous works have shown the possibility to dope CNTs with nitrogen (N-CNT) or sulfur (S-CNT) in order to modify properties such as electronic conduction and surface chemistry [32][33][34]. This strategy contributes to improve the metal

• obtained with XRD are presented in Table 1. All the values are larger than that of graphite (3.334 Å), and the smallest value is obtained for N-CNTHT, indicating a higher level of graphitization for this sample. The elemental composition as well as the surface chemistry is also affected by heteroatom

• performance and durability of PEM fuel cells [44][45]. These materials should combine some key characteristics such as: i) an adapted surface chemistry to allow high dispersion of the metallic phase at very high metal loading, ii) a good balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity to allow water

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• of the nitrogen functionalities. Keywords: electrocatalysts; microporosity; nitrogen-doped carbon materials; oxygen reduction reaction; surface chemistry; Introduction Due to the recent increase in interest for more sustainable, renewable and cheaper energy, multiple conversion devices are being

• heteroatoms to modify the surface chemistry, specifically by adding nitrogen functionalities. Biomass-derived carbons have been functionalized by applying thermal treatments in the presence of a gaseous or solid nitrogen precursor [35][36] or without any precursor in the case where the biomass already

• incorporate nitrogen atoms and to modify the surface chemistry of carbon materials [39][40]. Some of these doping techniques have shown to provide materials with similar ORR performance as commercially available Pt/C electrocatalysts [39]. However, most of these studies have been focused only on the effect of

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• Atida Selmani Johannes Lutzenkirchen Kristina Kucanda Dario Dabic Engelbert Redel Ida Delac Marion Damir Kralj Darija Domazet Jurasin Maja Dutour Sikiric Laboratory for Biocolloids and Surface Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• solid surfaces governed by surface chemistry and surface topography [1][2] and has found significant applications in various fields [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Controllable wettability that can be enabled through external stimuli, such as illumination, electric fields or heating, can be applied in chemical

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• behavior was also demonstrated in tapered and surface-functionalized SnO2 NWs. While the tapered waveguide can allow for easy focusing of light, the simple surface chemistry offers selective light propagation by tuning the luminescence. Defect-related PL in NWs is studied using temperature-dependent