Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• and plain TMVLys controls (and in some tests wildtype TMVwt) under equal conditions. The products were analyzed and compared to determine favorable TMV template–peptide combinations for specific silica mineralization. Results and Discussion Surface functionalization of TMVLys templates by conjugation

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• plasmon resonance spectra against the molar fraction of Au or Ag. For a given particle size and surface functionalization, a linear relationship would indicate a macroscopically homogeneous distribution of the metals in the nanoparticles [21]. In Figure 4, the absorption maxima of the ≈10 nm nanoparticles

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• <0.1% for AgNP [28] of the given dose. Once nanoparticles entered the body, the biodistribution depends on factors like particle size [31][32] and surface functionalization [33]. No clear trends have been established yet as to how those factors determine the biodistribution of the particles and further

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• spectroscopy; dipolar relaxation; entropy; gauche defect; organic monolayer; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and organic molecular layers (OML) have attracted great interest over the past two decades because surface functionalization offers great flexibility for a molecular-level control of

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• stability [13][14]. Therefore, research has been focus on the development of an ideal combination of surface functionalization methods and effective plasmonic structures for the detection and/or recognition of specific analytes. However, independent from the considerations of the final application, sensing

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• silica nanopores sculptured by electron or kiloelectronvolt-ion beams, mesoscopic silica, or silica nanotubes. Such systems are of interest for numerous applications due to their facile surface functionalization, hydrophilic nature, and biocompatibility [29]. For the deposition of SiO2 on polymer

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• cytometry, the data are given as median fluorescence intensity (MFI). Functionalization of the nanoparticles with carboxy groups on the surface leads to a 3-fold increase in particle uptake for PS–COOH. The positive effect of surface functionalization on the uptake for hMSCs with carboxy groups has been

• particles are taken up at a higher concentration in both cell types compared to polystyrene particles, demonstrating the comparative investigation of different materials. The surface functionalization of the PS–COOH particles led to an increase of the particles in hMCS, but this was less effective in hHSCs

• hHSCs are able to take up different polymeric particles at a reasonable concentration without showing any signs of toxicity. The surface functionalization of the polystyrene particle with carboxy groups did not improve the cellular uptake for hHSCs, while for hMSCs, this effect was confirmed. The

Biological responses to nanoscale particles

• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 380–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.37

• studies of nanoparticles) that the surface area seems to be one of the properties that causes a severe biological response, other properties such as solubility, hydrophobicity, surface functionalization, surface charge, colloidal stability and nanoparticle morphology have been suggested to be of equal

• preferred as a function of shape, size, and most importantly, surface functionalization and protein corona, could thus far not be established. The SPP1313 research network resulted from an open national call after an intensive evaluation of proposals by an international group of experts. It operated for a

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

• Francesco De Nicola,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Ilaria Cacciotti and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

• depending on the number of coaxially arranged graphite planes. Moreover, owing to their honeycomb lattice, carbon nanotubes are inherently hydrophilic (the contact angle of graphite with water being approx. 86° [22]) but apolar. However, by surface functionalization or textured arrangement it can be

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• surface functionalization and had the highest impact on the cell viability for the positively charged QDs. These findings confirmed the results of previous studies and further reinforce the fact that the cytotoxicity of positively charged nanoparticles is mainly due to impairment of cellular membranes

• Fe3O4) and quantum dots (QDs). 1) Gold nanoparticles (GNP): The gold colloids with a core size of approximately 40 nm in diameter were synthesized according to Rosman et al. [45] and were spherically or rod-like shaped. GNP without surface functionalization were transferred to 0.1 M

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• by MDCKII cells is transported along microtubules. Conclusion Surface functionalization of QDs plays an important role in their nonspecific interaction with cells, determining how and in which form they enter the cellular interior. Positively-charged CdSe/ZnS QDs were found to be least cytotoxic

• size in the same sequence. Thus, combining these observations with cytotoxicity characteristics (which increase in the same order), we can conclude that surface functionalization stipulates the conditions under which QDs are internalized into cells. It appears that the smallest vesicles/aggregates or

• cooled down to room temperature with compressed air flow. The resulting core/shell QDs were precipitated with ethanol, centrifuged and redissolved in chloroform. QD surface functionalization Table 1 summarizes the amounts of ligands and solvents used for QD surface functionalization. The amount of

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• surface functionalization and binding of other molecules of interest may remain completely similar to that of unlabeled particles [79][83][84]. Another disadvantage when using fluorescent dyes is their time-dependent photobleaching, which results in a more or less rapid fading of the fluorescent yield [85

• bioapplications are typically composed of a semiconductor core (e.g., cadmium sulfide), an outer shell of a higher band semiconducting material (e.g., zinc sulfide) and a surface functionalization which may consist of various hydrophilic organic molecules including biomolecules or polymers [86]. QD with their

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• /bjnano.6.21 Abstract Background: The impact of gold nanoparticles on cell viability has been extensively studied in the past. Size, shape and surface functionalization including opsonization of gold particles ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers are among the most crucial parameters

• the cellular response to external stimuli. Results: Mechanical properties of confluent MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods as a function of surface functionalization and concentration have been explored by atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance measurements in combination with

• in the context of human exposure to nanoparticles. Hence, biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, fast real-time readout, and non-invasiveness are desirable design criteria for screening toxicity of nanoparticles varying in size, shape, and surface functionalization. Most cytotoxicity assays

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• living cells. The biological effects of nanoparticles depend not only on the particle material and their size, but to a great extent also on the surface chemistry of the particles. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles is crucial for their pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility, and tissue and cell

• nanoparticles as model particles for our experiments aimed to analyze the effect of different surface functionalization on various biomedical parameters. Macrophages as key players of innate and adaptive immunity phagocytize cellular debris and pathogens [35]. Hence, they are settling in particularly large

• diameter, which were non-functionalized or surface-functionalized either with carboxyl (PS-COOH) or amino (PS-NH2) groups, and which carried roughly the same functional group density of 6,000 groups per particle [41][42][43]. This allowed us to analyze the effect of nanoparticle surface functionalization

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• NPs by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in PBS solution. Because the initial step of endocytosis, i.e., the encounter of the NP with the cell membrane, is expected to be sensitive to the NP surface functionalization, we have exposed MSCs to two types of well-defined, positively charged PS NPs with

• clearly show that NP size plays an important role in their interactions with cells during the endocytosis process. However, size should not be discussed uncoupled from the surface functionalization. In fact, an NP can be considered as a scaffold carrying ligands that interact (or avoid the interaction

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• , such a surface functionalization was contrasted by an increased tendency to form aggregates which could explain why barrier translocation did not occur despite an increased cellular uptake. The results demonstrate that although surface functionalization may have some impact on the cellular uptake

• TEM images of HaCaT cells (obtained after incubation for 24 h with 25 µg/mL AgNP) AgNP are accumulated in endosomes (b–d). Uptake of fluorescent silica nanoparticles with variable size and surface functionalization by HaCaT cells. Different type of particles were prepared (a–d) with a size of 42 (a,c

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• the chosen components enabling separate and selective surface functionalization [36][37][38][39] in addition to the intrinsic multifunctionality due to the combination of the two inorganic components (e.g., combination of optical and magnetic properties), (ii) directed self-assembly, achieved by

• ], the gold nanoparticles were functionalized with 1-octadecanethiol to suppress multiple nucleation of manganese oxide on different crystal facets or surface defects. This surface functionalization was proved not to be necessary for Au@Fe3O4 heterodimers. The morphology as well as the sizes of the metal

• synthesis of monodisperse, well-defined hetero-nanostructures requires non-hydrolytic reaction conditions, as established for the isotropic analogues. Therefore, it is necessary to exchange the hydrophobic surface functionalization of the nanoparticles by hydrophilic ligands to secure colloidal stability in

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• results revealed that the different surface–phthalocyanine interactions observed for flat and porous substrates affect the efficiency of the in situ metalation process. Keywords: metalation; phthalocyanine; silicon surface; surface functionalization; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Introduction

Advances in NO₂ sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

• Kiran Chikkadi,
• Matthias Muoth,
• Cosmin Roman,
• Miroslav Haluska and
• Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

• interaction alone, while suppressing other interactions, may be beneficial. In this respect, suspended, contact-passivated devices show great potential. Effect of surface functionalization So far, there have been very few investigations on individual, functionalized SWNTs for NO2 sensing. Covalent

Modification of a single-molecule AFM probe with highly defined surface functionality

• Fei Long,
• Bin Cao,
• Ashok Khanal,
• Shiyue Fang and
• Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2122–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.221

• is also called a ‘click’ reaction, has been widely used for surface functionalization and linking of biomolecules [17]. The reaction is compatible with a wide variety of polar functional groups that commonly exist in biomolecules and is highly efficient in various solvents. Chen and co-authors

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• surface. The presence of multiple bases allows the design of sequences to achieve affinity to different biological/chemical molecules [13]. Thus, ssDNA decoration on SWCNTs achieves the two-fold goal of surface functionalization and receptor immobilization as it renders the CNT surface responsive and acts

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• behavior of Ag-NP, such as cell toxicity or antimicrobial potency, are related to the reactivity of silver ions [38][39][40][41]. As we have shown previously, the rate and degree of the dissolution of Ag-NP depends on their surface functionalization, their concentration, the oxygen content and temperature

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• PBS at pH 7.4 [29]. For comparison, we have also studied commercial QDs with a polymeric carboxylic acid surface functionalization. In the following, we discuss the effects of the different QD surfaces on the HSA binding affinity and the corona thickness and compare these results to those obtained

• , implying that HSA binding to these QDs results in a greater radius increase. Figure 3 shows the increase of RH for various CdSe/ZnS QD preparations as a function of the HSA concentration, calculated from the FCS autocorrelation data. Regardless of the QD surface functionalization (and in agreement with our

• specific nanodrugs, nanovaccines or imaging tools. Our studies have provided only a first glimpse at the complexity of NP–protein interactions. A dazzling array of physicochemical parameters modulates these interactions, including NP size, shape, charge, composition, and surface functionalization, protein

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• , gives rise to future biological applications such as bio-sensors, especially since the authors of this study reported that the attached protein retains its biological activity. A novel strategy for the surface functionalization of CNOs was published by our group in 2010 [37] (Scheme 7). The so-called

• multitude of different synthetic pathways for the covalent surface functionalization has been reported. An alternative to the covalent functionalization is the surface decoration of CNOs with polymers or their incorporation into composites. CNOs have been implemented in different electronic applications, as