Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• microscopy (FESEM) provides surface morphology and topography of the prepared materials. Figure 2 shows the surface topography of ZFO-500. The sample consists of agglomerated nanoparticles with smooth surface. The agglomeration of ZFO-500 is accompanied with the formation of small crystallites [28]. TEM The

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• additional experiment was conducted in which the time of the treatment with the oxidation mixture was 3 minutes. Sample characterization AFM measurements were carried out using a FemtoScan multifunctional scanning probe microscope produced by the Advanced Technologies Center. The surface topography was

Nematic topological defects positionally controlled by geometry and external fields

• Pavlo Kurioz,
• Marko Kralj,
• Bryce S. Murray,
• Charles Rosenblatt and
• Samo Kralj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 109–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.13

• uniaxial nematic structures defined by Equation 10 and assume . (b) In the “cylindrical” cells we impose a boojum topological defect at the top plate and assume . (a) Typical scribed surface topography enforcing the m = 2 topological defect. (b) Schematic representation showing the AFM-scribed director

Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

• Sumit Tewari,
• Koen M. Bastiaans,
• Milan P. Allan and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2389–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.238

• of the surface with atomic resolution. STM has found its applications in many fields of science. Apart from studying surface topography, STM has been used for, e.g., manipulating single atoms [3][4][5], for doing spectroscopy [6], for fabricating nano-structures with novel engineered electronic

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• nanotubes are collapsed after deposition onto a silicon wafer, showing an average height (n = 10) of 3.4 ± 0.1 nm by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface topography of the DNA nanotube master template before (Figure 2a) and after (Figure 2b) deposition of a ca. 2 nm thick Al2O3 layer and the

• process. To quantify the degree of conservation of the surface topography, height/depth and full width at half maximum (FWHM) were measured in four different locations in the AFM images and compared at the same locations throughout the fabrication process (Figure 2f,g). Taking location 1 as an example

• analysis were scanned in the same location of the template at the beginning and the end of this period (Figure S4a,b, Supporting Information File 1). Not surprisingly, the 40 days of aging in air did not alter the surface topography of the DNA nanostructure master template. While the height of the DNA

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• epicuticular wax chemical composition might also show differences in the alteration of their wax by surfactants. Conclusion The presented data on the surface topography and chemistry of soybean leaf surfaces show that the hydrophobic compound of the leaves are three-dimensional epicuticular waxes, composed

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• measurement experiments were complemented by AFM and SEM measurements of the surface topography before and after the ND exposure, as well as macroscale measurements of µk. The materials were inspired by Liu et al.’s suggestion that differences in the tribological properties between +ND and −ND suspensions

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• appear, may stimulate joint approaches of material scientists to further explore their application potential. Surface topography determined by AFM as a function of thickness. Cu-TMPP (= CuTPP(OMe)4) (a) 35 nm, (b) 82 nm, and (c) 117 nm thick. Organic films are deposited on a 30 nm thick Ni substrate

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• (Princeton Applied Research, Tennessee, USA). The surface topography of the fibers was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with Nanosurf Easy-Scan2TM software. AFM analyses were performed with a non-contact mode by using NCLR-10 model Al-coating silicon tips with 7 μm thickness, 225 μm length, 38 μm

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• objects and materials properties for both research and industry [11][12]. Dynamic operating modes of the AFM can map the surface topography of a specimen with high spatial resolution by scanning a sharp tip located at the end of an actively driven microcantilever over the surface of a sample. Due to the

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• of the ICSG resists during condensation at 110 °C for different times. SEM images showing the surface topography of the ICSG resist after annealing at 550 °C for 5 h. The inset image shows small surface cracks in the resist at higher magnification. Nanoindentation measurement for the ICSG resists

Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins

• Gheorghe Stan,
• Richard S. Gates,
• Qichi Hu,
• Kevin Kjoller,
• Craig Prater,
• Kanwal Jit Singh,
• Ebony Mays and
• Sean W. King

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.88

• phenomena. (a) Cross section schematic of the nanoporous organosilicate glass (OSG) fin structures investigated in this study. (b) AFM image (5 µm × 5 µm) of the surface topography of the actual structures investigated. (c) Schematic diagram of the AFM-IR measurements on the OSG fins. (d) Schematic diagram

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• microscale features to mimic the endothelium in lineal vessels. Keywords: cell morphology; contact guidance; microgrooves; silicon; human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs); Introduction Micro- and nanostructured materials for medical devices have demonstrated that surface topography as well as surface

• aforementioned decrease in cell spreading. Taking all the previously mentioned data, the present work provides evidence of the influence of the silicon surface topography on the cell behaviour. The use of such substrates may be a useful tool for the development of three-dimensional medical devices with

Impact of air exposure and annealing on the chemical and electronic properties of the surface of SnO₂ nanolayers deposited by rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation

• Monika Kwoka and
• Maciej Krzywiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.55

• structure of the layers as well as the post-exposition-related contamination. The studies are augmented with surface topography investigations using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to check the porosity of the resulting layer. Experimental The RGVO SnO2 nanolayers (20 nm, quartz microbalance

Multimodal cantilevers with novel piezoelectric layer topology for sensitivity enhancement

• Steven Ian Moore,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Yuen Kuan Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 358–371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.38

• frequency shift of the cantilever’s motion correlate to properties of the sample [15]. When closing a feedback loop around these observables with the z-axis nanopositioner, the controller output is routinely used to map the surface topography of the sample. Recently, the additional excitation and detection

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• indicates the transition point. (a) Df plot comparing the binding of SbpA onto SCWP and hydrophobic SiO2 for the initial 10 min. (b) Df slope evolution after achievement of the maximum value of ΔD. Atomic force amplitude micrographs (700 × 700 nm2) showing the surface topography of SbpA recrystallized on (a

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• boundary and the film-substrate interface. Later, the pore absorbs the material from the film surface by grain boundary diffusion, leading to the development of the near-hillock depression. The phenomenon observed in this work can be employed for the design of surface topography of thin metal films. While

• Au(Fe) film far from the indented regions after annealing for 20 min. The simulated surface topography of the indent evolving by a surface diffusion mechanism, for different annealing times. B and t are the Mullins coefficient and the annealing time, respectively (see Appendix). Schematic

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• further insight, we succeeded in following in situ the graphite degradation in these regions during the EC treatment by means of an EC-AFM. Figure 4 compares the surface topography before (panel a) and after (panel b) a single EC potential sweep in the positive potential range. The graphite steps are

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• potential interesting future studies. Keywords: fabrication methods; materials selection; nano- and micro-topography; vascular endothelial cells; vascular smooth muscle cells; Introduction Cells adhering to biomaterials are influenced by the surface topography, the surface chemistry and the mechanical

• properties of the substrate (Figure 1). In particular, the influence of the surface topography on cell behavior has been widely studied, with the motivation to understand the complex cell–substrate interactions and to transfer that knowledge to the design of implant surfaces. This review summarizes and

• -based techniques [55][56][57] and porogen-leaching methods [55]) are described. They often rely on the fabrication of a master with a designed surface topography that subsequently is replicated by a polymer. Most of these techniques have been extensively used and have allowed for novel types of

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• ladybird beetles were found to be predominantly influenced by the surface topography. Experimental Materials Ethanol, 0.01 M HCl, and n-hexadecane were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS, Si(OCH3)4) and n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS, CH3(CH2)17Si

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles deposited on top of an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. A scheme of the photonic crystal is shown in Figure 1. The silver nanoparticles have a diameter of about 50 nm, while the TiO2 nanoparticles are smaller than 15 nm. The surface topography and phase atomic

Three-gradient regular solution model for simple liquids wetting complex surface topologies

• Sabine Akerboom,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Frans A. M. Leermakers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1377–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.129

• surfaces is a key feature for many applications. The wetting properties of a surface depend on both the material and the surface topography. A famous example is the surface of a lotus leaf: Although the material of the leaf is hydrophilic (contact angle on a smooth substrate θY < 90°), the structured

• of a hydrophilic material, show an increase in θ, this implies that the droplet in these systems cannot be in the Wenzel state, or that the assumption of this model, namely that the parameter r captures all features of a surface topography relevant for the final droplet shape, is too simplistic. A

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• , the surface topography (roughness, defects, impurities) has a direct impact on the final structure and morphology of the material. As a consequence of the presence of substrate surface defects, the films deposited by a PVD process may contain undesired defects such as hillocks, pinholes, and craters

• because of a non-homogenous surface topography with hills distributed over the surface. During PVD the growth of the material occurs preferredly on the hills acting as nucleation sites [15][16]. The local self-shadowing effect at these nucleation sites is the main driving force promoting the formation of

• substrates with surface defects to grow metal nanowires with complex surface topography, which afterwards can be engineered on the nanoscale. We investigated the influence of the defects size and density on the final morphology of the nanowires. We demonstrated that the deposition time can impact the size of

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• pads on substrates depends on the ability of the pads to adapt to the surface topography. In this context, specific micro- and nanostructures can enhance the quality of the contact [97][98][99][100][101]. In the case of attachment on rough substrates, multiple contacts, being formed by some adhesive

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• dedicated database of PAN-ICSD files was used. The resulting polymer composite nanofibres were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed using EDX microanalysis and surface topography imaging using a Zeiss Supra 35 SEM, with a Trident XM4 X-ray spectrometer supplied by EDAX. Based on the SEM micrographs

• 25 nm. The microscopic study for the analysis of TEM images of particles and the analysis of SEM images of the fibrous surface topography of the composite mats allowed us to determine the influence of the diameter of the applied ceramic nanoparticles on the structure and the morphology of the

• the composite fibrous materials, surface topography imaging was applied using the scanning electron microscope. An analysis of the morphology and the structure of PAN nanofibres, obtained from a solution of PAN/DMF with a concentration of 5 wt %, with the distance between the electrodes equal to 20 cm