Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• Microelectronics RAS, Leninsky av., Moscow 115487, Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.12.72 Abstract Nanoelectrode arrays are much in demand in electroanalytical chemistry, electrocatalysis, and bioelectrochemistry. One of the promising

• size [37]. The first sacrificial Cu segment allows one to achieve a highly homogeneous recess of the Au electrodes. Moreover, a relatively short Au working segment with the remaining part of the electrode of Cu makes the technology economically attractive. Experimental Au NEAs were prepared by a multi

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• solvent. The solvation property determines the chemical (especially electrochemical) synthesis technology. Therefore, studying the solvation properties of a solvent is quite important for potential applications. DESs, due to their good solvation and electroconductivity properties, have been utilized in

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• Nanotechnologies, MD2028 Chisinau, Moldova Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics, 111024 Moscow, Russia Laboratory of

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• measurement of Raman scattering was carried out using a 100× objective and a CCD camera Newton 970 EMCCD DU970P-BV (Andor Technology Ltd, UK). Additionally, in some cases, the SERS spectra were recorded using a Raman spectrometer equipped with Spex 270M (Jobin Yvon) spectrograph and liquid-nitrogen-cooled CCD

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• Chia-Wei Huang Man-Ping Chang Te-Hua Fang Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan 10.3762/bjnano.12.65 Abstract In the present study, the characteristics of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated (GPCuNL

• composites with different grain sizes. Funding This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan under grant numbers MOST 109-2221-E-992-009-MY3 and MOST 109-2811-E-992-503.

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• technology indicate that telomerase maintains cells in a proliferative state, and its downregulation parallels cellular differentiation [14]. Telomerase is an enzyme responsible for maintaining the telomeric repetition at the end of the chromosomes. Different cell lines have different telomere lengths (TL

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• Rafal Pietruszka Bartlomiej S. Witkowski Monika Ozga Katarzyna Gwozdz Ewa Placzek-Popko Marek Godlewski Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland Department of Quantum Technologies, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw

• University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.60 Abstract Today, silicon solar cells (amorphous films and wafer-based) are a main source of green energy. These cells and their components are produced by employing various technologies. Unfortunately

• % for planar structures, respectively. The work, therefore, describes an environmentally friendly technology for PV architecture with surface textures increasing the efficiency of PV cells. Keywords: atomic layer deposition; hydrothermal method; photovoltaics; silicon; solar cell; zinc oxide

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• with biomedicine can solve problems that cannot be solved by traditional medicine, and is expected to bring up a new medical revolution [13]. Therefore, scientists continue to explore and study micro/nanorobotics technology. However, due to the small size of micro/nanorobots, they are difficult to

• standard photolithography process. When the actuator is stimulated by laser pulses, it will bend and make the robot walk. The research of this technology provides an extremely powerful theoretical basis for the manufacture of actuators in the future. Acoustic field actuation Ultrasound is sound with a

• treatment of the tumor was realized. At present, this technology is at the leading level in the world and will point the way for future research on micro/nanorobots with autonomous actuation. Conclusion This article introduces the latest research progress of micro/nanorobots regarding the actuation

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• Micro- and nanorobots (MNRs) present challenges and prospects in the field of nanotechnology. MNRs have been a major direction of technological development and will be widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, electronic technology and sensing, and environmental remediation [1][2][3][4]. Therefore

• avoid the reassembly of the chains. Doherty et al. [38] pointed out that superparamagnetic nanofibers could prevent the uncontrolled agglomeration of particles because the residual magnetization of this material is almost zero. They applied this technology to sensing and environmental remediation and

• iron oxide nanoparticles [46] has advantages over magnetic surface coatings, such as cobalt or nickel. Diamagnetic nanoparticles Applying an external magnetic force to manipulate the MNRs has become a frontier field of research. Uvet et al. [47] proposed a new microrobot manipulation technology based

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• from Springer Nature from “Biological fibrillar adhesives: functional principles and biomimetic applications. In: Handbook of Adhesion Technology” by S. N. Gorb, Copyright 2011 Springer Nature. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0). (C) Dependence of the contact density of terminal contacts on the

• Adhesion Technology” by S. N. Gorb, Copyright 2011 Springer Nature. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Figure 7D was adapted from [129] with permission from The Royal Society (U.K.), from Proc. R. Soc. B, S. N. Gorb, vol. 267, issue 1449, Copyright 2000; permission conveyed through Copyright

• . In: Handbook of Adhesion Technology” by S. N. Gorb, Copyright 2011 Springer Nature. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0.). (C) Chemical composition (absolute concentration of substance groups) of the pad secretion of the smooth euplantulae of Locusta migratoria (Figure 8C was adapted from [254

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• neighboring vacancies in the direction of electron flow leading to an accumulation of atoms at the anode and vacancies at the cathode [1][2]. Current trends in computer technology, namely, reducing the size of integrated circuits, increasing their power, and increasing the density of elements, have led to an

• growth of intermetallic compounds between the solder and the metal contact of the integrated circuit (flip-chip technology) [3][4][5][6][7]. The vast majority of research on EM began in the 1970s. Such studies were mostly conducted experimentally. It was shown that the influence of the electric current

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• Yicheng Shao Maoliang Shen Yuankai Zhou Xin Cui Lijie Li Yan Zhang School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi

• University, Nanning 530004, China Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering

• /touch sensor based on PENGs/TENGs, which combined with back-end ML technology, can help disabled people to live and communicate normally. Self-powered motion sensors can also collect the weak mechanical energy generated in other physiological activities of the human body, such as heartbeat, breathing

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• Nanomedicine from the Bench to the Bedside" supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). It was financially supported by the Croatian Science Foundation (grant number HRZZ-IP-2016-06-2436), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Fondo Social Europeo/Agencia Estatal de Investigación

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• multifaceted instrument enabling a broad range of applications beyond imaging in which the finely focused helium ion beam is used for a variety of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication tasks. Operation of the ion source with neon has extended the reach of this technology even further. This

• electrons also permits high-quality imaging of electrically insulating materials, such as biological samples, thus avoiding the need for conductive coatings that can introduce artifacts and obscure nanoscale surface features [6][7]. Through extension of the technology to enable operation of the ion source

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• Department, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan Centre for High Energy Physics, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Department of Physics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan Advanced Functional Materials

• simple mechanical pressing. The transmittance of the AgNW-coated PET films was calculated to be up to 92.5% at about 20 Ω/sq sheet resistance. This can make it possible to substitute traditional ITO films in flexible optoelectronics technology. Schematic representation of the modified polyol synthesis of

• by all co-authors from The University of Punjab (Lahore), Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (Rahim Yar Khan), National Centre for Physics (Islamabad), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (Saudi Arabia) and King Khalid University (Saudi Arabia) in preparation

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• Zhao-Qi Sheng Yu-Qin Xing Yan Chen Guang Zhang Shi-Yong Liu Long Chen College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.50 Abstract

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• Department of Quantum Technologies, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.48 Abstract In order to effectively utilize the photovoltaic properties of gallium arsenide, its surface

• for aluminum-doped zinc oxide). Experimental GaAs surface treatment We used lightly Zn-doped GaAs single-crystal (100) wafer (p = 6.8 × 1016 cm−3, ρ = 3.2 × 10−1 Ω·cm, μ ≤ 225 cm2/Vs, d = 400 μm) (fabricated at the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, ITME) as the substrate. Before starting

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• Science and Metallurgy Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Cadiz, Spain Łukasiewicz - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Warsaw, Poland Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany Leibniz-Institut of Photonic Technology e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.44 Abstract The stability of surface-enhanced Raman

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• Paulina Filipczak Krzysztof Halagan Jacek Ulanski Marcin Kozanecki Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.40 Abstract The resonance Raman effect (RRE) is a phenomenon which results in a strong

• . Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Dr. Grzegorz Nowaczyk from the NanoBioMedical Centre, the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland, for performing the TEM analysis, and also Jakub Kubicki from the Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry at the Lodz University of Technology, Poland, for

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak Michalina Kijaczko Wojciech Kukulka Daria Baranowska Martyna Baca Beata Zielinska Ewa Mijowska Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.37 Abstract Noble metal nanomaterials are particularly suitable as photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) with high photothermal

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• Gabriel M. Misirli Kishore Sridharan Shirley M. P. Abrantes Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Department of Nanoscience and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Calicut, P.O