Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• -142 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.6.200 Abstract Zinc oxide nanopowders doped with 1–15 mol % cobalt were produced by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) technique. The obtained nanoparticles were

• , likely related to the precipitation of metallic Co in nanoparticles. Keywords: cobalt-doped zinc oxide; ferromagnetism; magnetic properties; microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS); paramagnetism; Introduction Nanomaterials have drawn the attention of researchers from all over the world due to their new

• , interesting perspectives in many application areas [1][2][3]. The most challenging issue nowadays is how to produce such advanced nanocrystals with well-defined and reproducible electronic, optoelectronic and magnetic properties at low cost. In the present work we investigate zinc oxide (ZnO), which is an

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• database NanoE-Tox that is available as Supporting Information File 2. The database is based on existing literature on ecotoxicology of eight ENMs with different chemical composition: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper

• : carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeOx; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Furthermore, all these ENMs, except CuO, are listed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• primary particles have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm, with no provisions for “novel properties” stemming from their small size [16]. Cosmetics that contain nanomaterials are also regulated by the European Commission, and although the use of nanoscale titanium dioxide is permitted, zinc oxide

• . Titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide are the most produced nanomaterials worldwide (on a mass basis) and the global annual production of silver nanoparticles represents only 2% of that of TiO2 [20][21]. However, silver nanoparticles are the most popular advertised nanomaterial in the

• dioxide were paired with each other in 10 products (cosmetics and electronics); titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were paired in 10 products (sunscreens, cosmetics, and paints). The European Commission’s Cosmetics Regulation has permitted the use of nanoscale titanium dioxide in sunscreens, but not zinc

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• controlling the properties of a self-assembling mineral film by means of the functionality and polarity of a substrate template. In the presented case, a zinc oxide film is deposited by chemical bath deposition on a nearly topography-free template structure composed of a pattern of two self-assembled

• of the nanoparticles, which nucleate in solution and subsequently deposit on the functionalized substrate. Keywords: bioinspired synthesis; polymer-blend lithography; surface functionality; template-controlled self-assembly; zinc oxide thin film; Introduction Self-organization plays an important

• the site-selective mineralization of a semiconductor material, zinc oxide (ZnO), on a chemically patterned surface [3]. ZnO thin films are of special interest since they can be used for different applications such as solar cells [16], biosensing devices [17] and others [18]. By using a nearly

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• States Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States 10.3762/bjnano.6.160 Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in a variety of products, thus understanding their health and environmental impacts is necessary to appropriately manage their risks

• estimation; modelling; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; toxicology; Introduction Accelerated advancements in nanotechnology and nanoscience have found applications in a variety of scientific fields, leading to a rapid increase in the types of engineered nanoparticles on the market. In particular, zinc oxide

• development of safer ZnO materials. Based on the large differences in molecular properties between the organic surface coatings and the bare zinc oxide properties (Table 2), it was expected that each group would separate during clustering analysis, as was the case with this data (Figure 5). Identified

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• , namely hyaluronic acid, is used to manipulate the morphology of the films. Previous experiments revealed a strong influence of this polysaccharide on the formation of zinc oxide crystallites. The present work aims to transfer this gained knowledge to the formation of zinc oxide films. The influence of

• measurements of the electrical conductivity. Keywords: chemical bath deposition; hyaluronic acid; polysaccharide; transparent conductive oxide; zinc oxide; Introduction Zinc oxide is a unique material with a number of interesting properties such as piezo- and pyro-electricity [1][2], high optical

• resulting zinc oxide, HYA was dissolved in water during the first CBD at different time intervals (0, 15, 30 and 45 min). The growth of the ZnO nanorods (Figure 2) is assumed to proceed continuously on the seeded glass slides until HYA is added to the reaction mixture, which at this point may affect the

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.81 Abstract Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been employed as a robust functional template for the fabrication of a TMV/zinc oxide field effect transistor (FET). A microwave based approach, under mild conditions

• was employed to synthesize stable zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, employing a molecular precursor. Insightful studies of the decomposition of the precursor were done using NMR spectroscopy and material characterization of the hybrid material derived from the decomposition was achieved using dynamic

• nature of the deposited ZnO film along the c-axis. FET devices fabricated using the zinc oxide mineralized virus template material demonstrates an operational transistor performance which was achieved without any high-temperature post-processing steps. Moreover, a further improvement in FET performance

Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates

• Omar F. Farhat,
• Mohd M. Halim,
• Mat J. Abdullah,
• Mohammed K. M. Ali and
• Nageh K. Allam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 720–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.73

• , The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt 10.3762/bjnano.6.73 Abstract We report a facile synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays using an optimized, chemical bath deposition method on glass, PET and Si substrates. The morphological and structural properties of the ZnO nanorod

• is currently perceived that nanoscale control of metal oxide architectures can be used to enhance their performance in these applications. In particular, zinc oxide (ZnO) can be considered the most important among all valve metal oxides. ZnO has been fabricated as nanowires, nanorods, nanoparticles

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• .6.59 Abstract The use of photoactive nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and its nanocomposites has become a promising anticancer strategy. However, ZnO has a low photocatalytic decomposition rate and the incorporation of metal ions such as silver (Ag) improves their activity. Here different

• nanocomposites could provide a new therapeutic option to selectively target cancer cells. Keywords: cancer therapy; cytotoxicity; photo-oxidation; ZnO:Ag nanocomposites; Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit an excellent photo-oxidation activity [1] and are considered as potential

• in the light source used, the percentage of Ag content or the cellular model used. Sharma et al. [32] reported zinc oxide nanoparticles with different formulations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) of Ag (size range: 23–59 nm) for their antibacterial activity and Shah et al. [33] reported that ZnO nanorods

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• . In a similar way, Yan and Shao [35] reported a sol–gel process for the synthesis of lanthanide-activated magnetic silica nanostructures conjugated with polymer-modified zinc oxide NPs. The 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-modified ZnO NPs and oleic-acid-functionalized iron oxide NPs were incorporated

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• possibilities [15][16]. However, other authors have failed to see an aggravation of disease. In some cases, they even reported an alleviation of skin lesions following exposure with SiO2-NP or zinc oxide NP (ZnO-NP) [17][18]. ZnO-NP and titanium dioxide NP (TiO2-NP) are major ingredients of sunscreens [19] and

• discrimination of NP against the background has recently been shown for zinc oxide NP [106] as well as indocarbocyanine (ICC)-labeled core–multishell nanoparticles [107] in the skin, indocarbocyanine-labeled dPGS in the liver [82] and for subcutaneously injected silica-based NP (Figure 4) [81]. Recent

• resolution STXM image analysis revealed single particles within the superficial layer of the stratum corneum [151]. A combination of STXM with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe has been used to study the fate of zinc oxide nanoparticles in vitro. Thereby, microfocused XRF elemental mapping yielded the

Tunable light filtering by a Bragg mirror/heavily doped semiconducting nanocrystal composite

• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 193–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.18

• films, both thoroughly confirmed in experimental and theoretical works [29][32][33][36][37]. To describe the optical characteristics of the Bragg mirror, we have designed an alternating stack of six bilayers of silicon dioxide (SiO2, n = 1.46) and zinc oxide (ZnO, n = 2) with a layer thickness of 180 nm

Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices

• Stephanie Hirn,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Matthias Epple,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Markus Rehberg and
• Fritz Krombach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253

• zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) nanoparticles as well as quartz particles were used because these materials have been previously shown in several in vitro and in vivo studies to induce a dose-dependent cytotoxic and inflammatory response. PCLS were exposed to three concentrations of 70 nm monodisperse

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• , ceria, titania and zinc oxide. This review article concentrates on synthesis and characterization of fluorescent silica and ceria NP, the latter also decorated with noble metals as models for decomposition products of automobile catalysts. We have recently reported on fluorescence-labelled coated

• titania NP and their interaction with human cell lines [1] and pointed out that the determination of the biological effects of zinc oxide NP is problematic since they are sensitive towards phosphate ions [2]. This work will not be included in this article. The fluorescence dyes and the labelling process

• well as to coated titania [1] and zinc oxide nanoparticles [2]. For experiments where several cell organelles are stained and detected in different ranges of fluorescence emission (channels), dyes with single sharp emission peaks are desirable. We therefore changed the dye for our experiments with

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• DNA damage and apoptosis were detected in human skin epidermal cells after exposure to nickel nanoparticles [42]. Phototoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles induced the generation of oxidative DNA damage during UVA and visible light irradiation in keratinocytes [43]. Oxidative stress and skin cell

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• polyelectrolyte that is protonated in acidic solutions, whereas at pH > 8, it exists in the free alkaline form [23]. PEI is often used as a colloidal metal nanoparticle and metal oxide stabiliser. Studies show that many metal nanoparticles (such as silver, gold, zinc oxide or tin dioxide) synthesised in solutions

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• groups were shown to have an effect on the growth and on the final properties of inorganic materials such as zinc oxide [40][41], calcium oxalate [38], or calcium carbonate [42][43]. It is expectable that analogous effects should be obtained when biopolymeric (or synthetic biomimetic chains) are attached

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• Rudolf Herrmann F. Javier Garcia-Garcia Armin Reller Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany ICTS Centro Nacional de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Químicas, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.5.209 Abstract Zinc oxide

• solubility. The morphology of the zinc oxide particles has only a minor influence on the kinetics of this reaction. Surface properties related to different production methods and the presence and absence of labelling with a perylene fluorescent dye are more important. Particles prepared under acidic

• account when assessing the biological effects or the toxicology of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Keywords: degradation; phosphate; silica shell; zinc oxide nanoparticles; zinc phosphate; Introduction Crystalline nanoparticles of the semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO-NP) show a broad fluorescence band in the

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• effects of zinc oxide [41], gold (Au) [42][43] and Ag NPs as well as Ag ions [44] have been evaluated. The aim of the present study was therefore to use a recently established system [44] to assess the effects of Ag NPs and Ag+ on the 3D lung model. Compared to the citrate-coated Ag NPs in the previous

• exposures are less expensive, easier and quicker to perform than animal studies. In previous studies we have employed ALI exposures to investigate the toxic potential of various materials such as diesel car and scooter exhaust gases [58][59], zinc oxide [41], cerium oxide [60], gold (Au) [42] and silver [44

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the photoluminescence (PL) properties and hydrogen sensing characteristics of gas sensors is investigated. The PL intensity shows that the carrier dynamics coincides with the buildup of the Pd-related green emission. The comparison between the deep level emission and

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• , 25123, Brescia, Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy Currently at ETCs.r.l., via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.106 Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO, n-type) and copper oxide (CuO, p-type) nanowires have been

• of further integration of metal oxide nanostructures into efficient thermoelectric devices. Keywords: copper oxide; nanowires; thermoelectric; zinc oxide; Introduction A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a device capable of converting a temperature gradient into an electrical voltage difference

• (Table 1). Thermoelectric power factor (TPF) was estimated for both CuO and ZnO nanowires, based on sheet resistance Rs. The electrical conductivity was calculated as σ = 1/(Rs·h), where h is the thickness of each strip. We found values of σ of 2.0 S/m for copper oxide and 0.7 S/m for zinc oxide. While

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• photosensitization of nanoporous titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, niobium oxide, and tantalum oxide by quantum-sized cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, silver sulfide, antimony sulfide, and bismuth sulfide. They found that the photocurrent quantum yields of these photosensitized transition metal oxides can be

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• ][17][18][19][20], nickel (NiNP) [21], zinc oxide (ZnONP) [22][23], titanium dioxide (TiO2NP) [23][24][25], aluminium trioxide (Al2O3NP) [23] and copper (CuNP) [22][25]. Toxic effects were observed after exposure to AgNP, CuNP, ZnONP and NiNP. AuNP, TiO2NP and Al2O3NP, on the other hand, seemed to be

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

• Anna V. Abramova,
• Vladimir O. Abramov,
• Aharon Gedanken,
• Ilana Perelshtein and
• Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

• after washing. Antimicrobial textiles can be produced by coating textiles with antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs). NPs such as zinc oxide NPs are known to have antibacterial properties due to OH• radicals, which result from defects in their crystal structure [2]. In the case of power ultrasound

• analyse the antibacterial properties of the samples comparing their antibacterial activity and the antibacterial activity of samples coated with industrially produced NPs. In the research described in this paper we produced a suspension of zinc oxide NPs in water by using a sonoplasma discharge between

• about 10 nm. The length of these rods is about 50 nm. We have obtained the size distribution of the zinc oxide particles produced in the sonoplasma discharge by using DLS measurements (Figure 4). The results confirm that a stable monodispersed suspension of ZnO NPs can be produced by using a sonoplasma

Preparation of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-stabilized ZnO colloid nanoparticles

• Tatyana Gutul,
• Emil Rusu,
• Nadejda Condur,
• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Evgenii Goncearenco and
• Paulina Vlazan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 402–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.47

• from the most intense PL band at 356 nm coming from the PVP, exhibits a strong PL band at 376 nm (3.30 eV) which corresponds to the emission of the free exciton recombination in ZnO nanoparticles. Keywords: colloidal solutions; nanocomposite; poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone); sol–gel; zinc oxide

• ; Introduction Zinc oxide is widely used in various applications such as gas sensors, solar cells, antireflection coatings, varistors, surface acoustic wave devices, light emitting diodes and random lasers [1][2][3][4]. Among different processing methods, the sol–gel technique has various advantages such as cost

• -shifted to 1559.6 cm−1 as a result of the interaction of the carbonyl oxygen with the zinc ion [23]. As concerns the absorption in the region of 1500–1200 cm−1, an overlap of absorption bands of PVP with bands of the hydrated zinc oxide, as well as interaction between them occurs. As a result, we observe