Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• × 2.8) and (1.4 × 1.2) mm2 labeled as A, B, C, and D, respectively. In the process of fabrication, a 100 nm thick layer of LNO as the bottom electrode was first deposited, using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, on a single crystal silicon wafer. Then, an 850 nm lead barium zirconia titanate

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• Nanotechnologies, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Brazzaville, Congo 10.3762/bjnano.13.85 Abstract In this study, we present theoretical X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra at the K-edge of oxygen in zirconia containing Ni dopant atoms and O vacancies at

• varying concentrations. Specifically, our model system consist of a supercell composed of a zirconia (ZrO2) matrix containing two nickel dopants (2Ni), which substitute two Zr atoms at a finite separation. We found the 2Ni atoms to be most stable in a ferromagnetic configuration in the absence of oxygen

• vacancies. In this system, each Ni atom is surrounded by two shells of O with tetrahedral geometry, in a similar way as in bulk cubic zirconia. The oxygen K-edge XANES spectrum of this configuration shows a pre-edge peak, which is attributable to dipole transitions from O 1s to O 2p states that are

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• activities at the electrode surface, potentially leading to the fabrication of nonenzymatic electrochemical nanosensors for detecting specific OPs on the electroactive surface [2][11][17][18][19]. For example, electrochemical sensing platforms modified with zirconia-embedded PEDOT membrane, graphene

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitriy V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Sergey A. Pavlov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

• YBaCuO film deposition on an yttria-stabilized zirconia bicrystal substrate. Non-monotonic dependences of step heights for different external signal frequencies were found in the limit of a weak driving signal, with the maxima occurring at different points as function of the temperature. The step heights

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• k23 = 127 MHz), albeit some emitters had an optical lifetime five times longer due to the fact that their dimension was much smaller than the excitation wavelength (532 or 594 nm), exhibiting an antenna effect. By artificially curving h-BN flakes by using strained BNNTs on diamond and zirconia pillars

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• . The ball milling process was performed in an enclosed flask with two zirconia balls at 15 Hz frequency during 4 h using a Retsch MM200 device. Regardless of the doping method all samples underwent a subsequent thermal treatment under a N2 atmosphere for 2 h at 700 °C to force the decomposition of

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• total) were loaded into a planetary centrifugal mixer (Thinky, AR-100) in a similar manner as in [41]. The filler material was added gradually (0.5 g at a time) to the mixer, which was operated at 2000 rpm (rotation + revolution) until the filler was completely incorporated. Two zirconia balls, 10 mm in

• deaerated (revolution, 5 min at 2000 rpm). Thereafter, the zirconia balls were removed, and the composite was cast into silicone molds (6 mm diameter and 0.6–1.8 mm thickness). The air bubbles trapped in the material were removed by vacuum treatment (10 mbar and 40 °C for 10 min), and the material was

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• particles. Typical examples are demonstrated using electron micrographs of ceramic particles. Figure 14 displays high-resolution electron micrographs of zirconia (a) and alumina (b) particles taken at room temperature [55][56]. The melting point of zirconia is significantly higher than that of alumina. In

• both cases, the temperature during synthesis was around 750 K. Therefore, considering the previous considerations, it is not astonishing that the zirconia particle is perfectly crystallized at the surface, whereas the alumina particle shows a noncrystalline layer at the surface. Studies devoted to

• surface energy that occurs after the minimum around the 3 nm particle diameter mark. The values corrected according to Holec et al. [53] take the physical size of the nanoparticles into account. High-resolution electron micrograph of a zirconia, ZrO2, and an alumina, Al2O3 nanoparticles. (a) A perfectly

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• to the ZrO2 support suppressed carbon deposition, which occurred between the crystallites of t-ZrO2 and prohibited a shift of the zirconia support from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase. This catalyst tends to survive with low carbon formation (0.89 mg/gcatalyst/h for 40 h with CO2 and CH4

• stability in stabilizing the zirconia tetragonal phase, improved basicity sites for the support, and decreased reducibility of Ni2+. Li et al. [118] designed a Ni@Ni–Mg phyllosilicate core–shell catalyst using the hydrothermal treatment of Ni@SiO2 with Mg(NO3)2. The alkalinity and porosity of the catalyst

• formation of filamentous and encapsulating carbon. Deactivation of the catalyst occurs over the Ni/SBA-15 sample since a large amount of graphitic carbon species were formed. Application of Mg as a promoter of active metal Elsayed et al. [51] demonstrated DRM over Pt–Ni–Mg/ceria–zirconia synthesized via

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• processes have been employed to prepare the samples. Ca- and Mg-stabilized cubic zirconia, prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), has shown ferromagnetic properties [3]. Magnetic properties of PLD-synthesized ZrO2, doped with Co, Fe, Mn or Ni, have been studied [4], showing that doping ZrO2 with Mn

• structures were found to possess ferromagnetic behavior [9]. Ferromagnetism was also observed in annealed Co and Fe co-doped ZrO2, prepared by the sol–gel method [10]. Samples of Mn- and Fe-stabilized cubic zirconia were obtained by a co-precipitation method and no ferromagnetism was observed in such samples

• [11]. Phase diagrams for the ZrO2–FeO system were described [12] and the influence of thermal treatment on the phase development in ZrO2–Fe2O3 and HfO2–Fe2O3 systems was assessed [13]. ALD of ZrO2 from ZrCl4 and O3 has been studied [14]. Reactions between Fe(acac)3 adsorbing on zirconia surfaces [15

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

• .8.156 Abstract Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles co-doped with Cu and Pt were applied as catalysts for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. These materials were prepared through solution combustion in order to obtain highly active and stable catalytic nanomaterials. This method allows Pt2+ and Cu2+ ions to

• gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and initial CO concentration. Keywords: CO oxidation; copper; nanoparticles; platinum; solution combustion; zirconia; Introduction The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) is of potential interest in applications such as CO sensors, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• the growth of nanotubes. The formation of nanotubes on nonmetallic catalysts has peculiarities as compared to the growth on metals [46][47][48][49]. Catalytic nanoparticles of diamond [47], zirconia [48] and silica [46][49] have negligibly small bulk solubility of carbon, and it is therefore unlikely

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• .8.29 Abstract Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion using urea as an organic fuel. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements

• ; zirconia; Introduction Nanomaterials received a lot of attention from researchers because of their different and interesting optical, electrical, thermal, catalytic and magnetic properties that differ from those of the bulk materials [1][2]. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is an important and extensively studied

• incorporation of Pt into ZrO2 decreases the particle size. Figure 5 shows a high-resolution TEM micrograph of Pt(1%)-ZrO2. The d-spacing of zirconia is found to be 2.96 Å, which corresponds to the (111) plane spacing of ZrO2. Table 2 shows the summary of ZrO2 and Pt(1%)-ZrO2 particle sizes using different

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• (≈5.8 g/cm3) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films fabricated via ALD technique is, in like manner, lower than that (≈6.1 g/cm3) of powder-processed YSZ [11]; nevertheless, the applied ALD process produced highly densified YSZ thin films compared to high-vacuum sputtering producing YSZ thin

• -deposited (ALD) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and 60 nm-thick top electrode catalyst (sputtered porous Pt cathode). (A) Focused ion beam-prepared field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) cross-sectional images for 50 nm-thick ALD YSZ films deposited on 80 nm pore AAO supported 40

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• effect of the surface layer on the NP density becomes particularly evident for NPs smaller than 50 nm, and thus, the density of nanoparticles is size dependent. Keywords: density; hydrothermal synthesis; hydroxy groups; nanometrology; nanopowders; zirconia; Introduction Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has a

• films depends on the number of surface –OH groups. Moreover, the –OH groups on the nanomaterial surface can influence the surface reactivity and wetting [26]. Since hydroxy groups greatly affect the properties of zirconia nanoparticles, detecting their surface concentration and optimizing the synthesis

• the annealing temperature (Figure 2). The grain size was evaluated by determining the specific surface area obtained from BET analysis and also from the Scherrer equation. Additionally, the average crystallite and grain size, as well as the phase content of the zirconia powders are given in Table 1

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• , releasing electrons into an external circuit to do electrical work before they pass to the cathode for consumption in the oxygen reduction reaction. It is well known that the performance of SOFC anodes, typically composites of nickel metal with a zirconia or ceria ionic conductor, is degraded by sulfur

• -containing hydrocarbon fuels (such as diesel and aeronautical fuels) and fuels derived from sulfur-containing sources such as coal. Studies [17][18][19][20][21] have shown that incorporating ceria into the anode, either to replace yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the ionic conductor or infiltrated into a

• ), were bonded to both electrodes with Pt-based ink (Heraeus). The cell was then sealed to the end of a 3.2 cm-diameter stabilized zirconia tube (by using a silicate-based paste fired at 1050 °C for 1 h) with the anode facing an alumina gas feed tube inside the zirconia tube. This assembly was then put

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• electrodes [3]. In a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) the electrolyte conducting the negative oxygen ions (Figure 1c) is usually a rare-earth metal oxide doped zirconia, e.g., yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or ceria that operates at high temperature (700–1000 °C). Liquid fuels may be used directly in SOFCs

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• (PS)/SiO2 composite fibers. These composite fibers were subsequently covered by spray-coating with ceria and zirconia sol solutions. After drying and final calcination of the green body composites, the PS polymer template was removed, and composite tubes of the composition CeO2/ZrO2@SiO2 were obtained

• . The SiO2/ZrO2/CeO2 microtubes, which consist of interconnected silica particles, are held together by ceria and zirconia deposits formed during the thermal treatment process. These microtubes are mainly located in the pendentive connecting the individual spherical silica particles and glue them

• on the high mobility of oxygen ions inside the ceria lattice [2][3]. Pure ceria, however, has a low thermal stability and is prone to sintering at high temperatures, which leads to its deactivation as a catalyst. The addition of a defined amount of zirconia enhances its active surface area, thermal

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• high temperatures, and employ harsh environments, thus rendering it difficult to find any usage of Gd2O3 nanoparticles in biomedical applications. Our group has already reported the biological synthesis of zirconia, titania, silica and CuAlO2 nanoparticles [12][13][14]. In this work, we employed a

Confinement dependence of electro-catalysts for hydrogen evolution from water splitting

• Mikaela Lindgren and
• Itai Panas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 195–201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.21

• conditions. This facilitates a procedure for the screening among candidate electro-catalysts. Indeed, in Figure 2, a descending staircase-like curve for electro-catalysts is arrived at for the reaction energy corresponding to Equation 6. Starting at the hydroxylated zirconia inter-grain confinement, where

Plasmonics-based detection of H₂ and CO: discrimination between reducing gases facilitated by material control

• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam,
• Nicholas A. Joy,
• Benjamin Grisafe and
• Michael A. Carpenter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 712–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.81

• -temperature-combustion applications is very important for regulating the discharge of gases such as NO2 and CO as well as unburnt fuel into the environment. This work reports the detection of H2 and CO gases by employing a metal–metal oxide nanocomposite (gold–yttria stabilized zirconia (Au–YSZ)) film

• temperature of 300 °C [15]. For consistent and sensitive detection of H2, CO and NO2, Rogers et al. and Sirinakis et al. used Au–yttria stabilized zirconia (Au–YSZ) films and reported sensing observations through hundreds of hours of laboratory testing between 500 and 800 °C [16][17][18]. While detection of

• overcoat has a crucial role in restricting the growth of the Au NPs during long-term high-temperature exposures, and its thickness has a direct impact on the number of oxygen vacancies in the film. The vacancies are introduced into the film through the yttria dopant in zirconia. YSZ is an excellent oxygen

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• grafting density with respect to chemisorption by conventional methods (2.8–3.0 molecules per nm2 versus 4.3–4.8 molecules per nm2). It is worth mentioning that a study on organosilane monolayers formed on the surfaces of zirconia and titania (anatase and rutile), by a gas–phase process employing

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• ]. Reprinted from [147][152]. Copyright 2008 and 2009, with permission from Elsevier. Schematic representation of the formation of micro-meso-macroporous metal oxides (zirconia) [154]. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. Isolated

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• ceria and other electron deficient metal oxides, such as zirconia [30][31] and titania [33], are active in direct carboxylation of methanol to DMC, they are also easily deactivated, sometimes already before recycling experiments can be started, resulting in only marginal methanol conversion. It can be