Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• . This buried component is a general feature of LAO and must be considered when interpreting feature height and oxide thickness [10][48]. This is illustrated in Figure 1c,d, taking into consideration LAO experiments on SiC (Figure 2a). Beyond the chosen substrate, the thickness and lateral dimensions of

• efficiently align BCPs into an ordered parallel lamellar arrangement, as depicted in Figure 4b–d. 2.5.2 Metals. Metals like titanium and aluminum are frequently utilized for plasmonic devices and nanoscale sensors. Oxidation of titanium during LAO forms TiO2 [69][88], a process highly dependent on relative

• Atomic Force Microscopy: Applications in Nanomaterials, with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2017 Wiley-VCH GmbH. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (c) AFM images of square oxide patterns fabricated by LAO on SiC before and after wet etching. (d) Height profile of the top left

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• /CBV-600 > Zn/CBV-600. Large particles were observed for the bramante fabric with 0.5 g of Cu/CBV-600 (approximately 30 μm) (Figure 2c). However, better distribution of nanomaterials on the fabric surface was achieved for Ag/CBV-600 and Zn/CBV-600 (Figure 2b,d). Moreover, relatively small particles

• and (right column) zoomed view. (a) Bramante fabric, (b) Ag/CBV-600-bramante, (c) Cu/CBV-600-bramante, and (d) Zn/CBV-600-bramante. X-ray diffraction patterns of bramante fabric: nonmodified (red line) and modified with nanomaterial (blue line). (A) E. coli growth on LB agar plates on fabrics exposed

• to 0 and 60 min of sunlight. (B) Inhibition of E. coli growth on fabrics after 0 and 60 min of exposure to sunlight. (C) S. aureus growth on LB agar plates on fabrics exposed to 0 and 60 min of sunlight. (D) Inhibition of S. aureus growth on fabrics after 0 and 60 min of exposure to sunlight. The

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• . However, in repeated z-scan studies with the used peak irradiances, we did not see any damage, and repeating the experiment at the highest value gave the same signal each time. In Table 3, we show the obtained characteristic thermal time tc(z) = ω2(z)/(4D), where ω(z) is the beam’s waist and D is the

• diffusivity D for these structures, which is closer to the titanium dioxide diffusivity D = 1.35 × 10−6 m2·s−1 [33] than to that of gold D = 1.17 × 10−4 m2·s−1 [34]. This can be because the gold/titanium dioxide ratio is 1:6, resulting in a thermal effect dominated by the thermal properties of titanium

• ), ML800 (cyan), and ML860 (orange). (c) Permittivity of a single dd = 60 nm titanium dioxide layer measured using spectral ellipsometry compared to the one reported in literature. We observe that the resulting permittivity is almost similar to the one used for the simulations. (d) Permittivity of a single

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• having a smaller lumen than those in EW (Figure 1A, yellow rectangles). Both showed close connections to the neighboring tracheids (Figure 1B). After delignification, the tracheids were separated and spaces between the neighboring tracheids were visible (Figure 1C,D). Moreover, the tracheid walls

• side), separated with a dotted line (black) (A), and connections between tracheids (B). Delignified spruce samples show a loosened structure (C), spaces between the walls of the tracheids (D, white arrow), and several tracheids with bordered pits (surrounded by a thickened rim of wall material) (E

• – 100 µm; D – 10 µm; E – 50 µm; F, G, H – 10 µm. Structure of beech fibers. SEM images of untreated and delignified beech (A–F) and 3D models of delignified fibers (G–I). Untreated beech samples (A–C) with rectangular fibers (yellow rectangles) surrounding the vessels (A), connections between fibers (B

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• , degree of size uniformity, and the nature of the diffraction peak. For nanoparticles with a spherical shape and cubic symmetry, a commonly adopted value for K is 0.94 [40]. D represents the average crystallite size, λ is the X-ray wavelength (0.1542 nm), β corresponds to the full width at half maximum

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• sufficiently low to observe individual nucleation sites. In the case of the BO sample, these could be on the scale of millimetres, whereas, with the Ar and Ar:H2 samples in Figure 1b,d, there is complete coverage of the samples with carbon within the measured area. Images particularly dominated by the C2

• spectra [46]. This is clear for the BO sample in Figure 1a and the EP sample in Figure 1c, which still have C2− signals across all of the imaged areas. However, it is still more difficult to distinguish carbon contamination from graphene for the Ar and Ar:H2 samples in Figure 1b,d due to the increased

• signal is detected. This O− signal is observed in areas underneath the graphene as well as at elevated levels at the edges of some of the graphene domains, seen most clearly in the EP sample in Figure 3c. Where there is a high nucleation density and large area coverage, as in the case of Figure 3b,d, it

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• illumination, S- and P-polarized absorption spectra were recorded for each case. The results, presented in Figure 4A–D, reveal the polarization sensitivity of the samples under four distinct experimental conditions. As it can be seen, substantial spectral change in P and S spectra are observed for the sample

• ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) optimized structures in solvent chloroform (used to mimic the polarity of the polymer layer). Simulated (using the vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths) UV spectra are given in Figure 9. One strong monomer band at 383 nm is predicted. The spectra of the model dimers

• clearly differ from the monomer spectrum, with various effects observed, including bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic, and hypochromic shifts of the monomer band. For example, aggregate formation leads to the appearance of low intensity bands (dimers c and d) in the 400–480 nm range. The

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• , inconsistently formatted, and insufficiently annotated for robust ML/AI model training [63][64]. Moreover, these datasets often arise from disparate sources – academic research labs, industrial R&D facilities, and public databases – each with its own protocols and measurement standards. Such heterogeneity

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• ) focus: 3–5 min (focus flow: 1.0 mL/min); c) focus + injection: 5–10 min (focus flow: 1.0 mL/min); d) elution: 10–50 min (cross-flow: 1.0–0.1 mL/min); e) elution: 50–55 min (cross-flow: 0.1 mL/min); f) elution: 55–60 min (cross-flow: 0.1–0.0 mL/min); g) elution: 60–70 min (cross flow: 0.0 mL/min). The

• Information File 1, Figure S2). Each of the four sections (a–d) included in Figure 2 shows overlaid signals obtained from the UV detector and the z-average coming from the DLS operated in flow mode. It can be observed that there is no significant change in the size of NLb1 vesicles (formulation with 50 mg PEG

• distinctive influence (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4a–d). As it can be seen from Table 2, the uptake of NLs by hCMEC/D3 after 4 h of incubation is the highest for the formulation with the highest amount of PEG on the surface – NLb1 (0.55 ± 0.05 μg and 1.12 ± 0.02 μg, at 5 and 10 μg/mL treatment

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• that can be used in neurons’ designs. In particular, inductive elements can be formed either in layer M2 (see Figure 2b,c), or in layer M3 (either fully or partially, as shown in Figure 2a,d); the control line can be wider or narrower than the SQUID loop in the coupling zone (realized by overlapping

• Figure 2. Figure 4a,c presents data for designs where the SQUID loop has a smaller width than the control line in the overlap area (see Figure 2a,b). For brevity, one can refer to this design type as a “narrow loop”. Figure 4b,d corresponds to the “wide loop” design, where the loop is wider than the

• control line in the overlapping region (see Figure 2c,d). Regarding the self-inductance values (Figure 4a,b), all points fall well within the 6% divergence angle. Regarding the mutual inductances (see Figure 4c,d), the accuracy is slightly worse. Several groups of points lie on the angle boundary, and one

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• exhibited self-cleaning behavior by breaking down organic pollutants (Figure 4a,b). The optimal formulations preserved activity outdoors and under accelerated ageing conditions (Figure 4c,d). Overall, the adopted methodology did not require heavy metals and employed biodegradable, low-cost precursors. These

• impact on wood color. The coating maintained its hydrophobicity and mechanical durability after multiple tape peeling cycles and exposure to UV radiation and outdoor conditions (Figure 7a–d). Additionally, the coating demonstrated biological durability in soil burial tests, critical for preserving

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov Alexander V. Kalashnikov Andrey V. Krasavin Alexei Vagov Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation 10.3762

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• wavelength: 532 nm) in the 100–3200 cm−1 wavenumber range. The data analysis involved normalization (0 to 1) of the measured spectra and a peak fitting procedure. The sum of Gaussian–Lorentzian functions (referred to also as pseudo-Voigt functions applied for the A, D, D'', B, 2D, D+G, and C peaks) and a

• functions are presented in Figure 4. The A peak (also denoted as D*) possibly involves the C–H modes of the sp2 rings [21] or results from bonds between the sp2 and sp3 domains [36]. The C peak may also be of this origin [21]. The D peak refers to sp2 aromatic rings and their defects [21] and is also

• influenced by graphite oxidation [36]. The D'' peak is related to amorphous phases [36]. As described by Ferrari et al. [45], the G peak refers to sp2-bonded atoms present in both the rings and chains (functional groups). The 2D peak can be considered as representing the second order of this mode [36] or the

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• Hamiltonian in Equation 1 within the microscopic approach based on the quasiclassical Green’s functions in the diffusive limit, that is, when the coherence length ξ is much larger than the electron mean free path l. Such model can be described by the Usadel equations [79][80][81] Here D is the diffusion

• (a) corresponds to γB1 = γB2 = 0.5, (b) γB1 = γB2 = 0.4, (c) γB1 = γB2 = 0.3, and (d) γB1 = γB2 = 0.2. Funding The analytical calculations were supported by MIPT via the project FSMG-2023-0014. The numerical calculations were supported by the megagrant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• lateral force constant of the AFM probe, comprising the AFM tip mounted on the cantilever, was calibrated based on the modified wedge and the diamagnetic lateral force calibrator (D-LFC) method [20]. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the measured force distributions are presented. To provide a

• substrate bias voltage set to values between 0 V (grounded) and 1000 V was applied to the substrate holder to affect the NP landing conditions. For the AFM measurements, a total of ten samples were prepared. For both wedge and D-LFC calibration, five samples were prepared with bias voltages of 0, 10, 100

• oxidation of Cu NPs in ambient air, every sample was kept in a separate vacuum chamber until the AFM measurements. AFM characterization After calibrating the cantilever by either the wedge or the D-LFC method, each sample was immediately measured at the same day. It should be noted that using a sufficiently

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz Enric Perez-Parets Ruben D. Cadena-Nava Emilio J. Gualda Jacob Licea-Rodriguez Juan Hernandez-Cordero Pablo Loza-Alvarez Israel Rocha-Mendoza Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas

• Figure 4c,d, showing that over the 25 to 33 °C temperature range, the absolute sensitivity Sa varied between 3.35 × 10−3 and 8.89 × 10−3 °C−1 (Figure 4c), while the relative sensitivity Sr ranged from 1.0 to 2.78%·°C−1 (Figure 4d). The largest values, Sa = 8.89 × 10−3 °C−1 and Sr = 2.78%·°C−1, were

• and particle retention [57]. Figure 5b–d shows the fluorescence emission throughout the intestinal structure post-ingestion, indicating UCNP accumulation within the lumen. This localization is strongly influenced by surface chemistry. The anionic character of our DOPS-rich lipid coating likely leads

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• table (inset in the figure) lists the d-spacing values (in nm), which are consistent with the spinel structure of ZnFe2O4. Elemental analysis using HRTEM with energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EELS) confirmed the elemental distribution within the core and shell of the NPs. As shown in

• –shell spinel ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia and related biomedical applications. (a) TEM images (bright field) of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs (40 nm). (b) Size distribution histogram of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs. (c) Zoom on the framed part in yellow (a). (d) HRTEM image of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs. (e) Diffraction pattern of

• the framed part in yellow (d). (1) TEM images of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs (bright-field images): 5 nm (a), 10 nm (b), 18 nm (c) and 45 nm (d). (2) TEM images of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O4 NPs: 10 nm (a), 15 nm (b), 22 nm (c) and 50 nm (d). X-ray element mapping images of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs (45 nm) (a) and

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• , the resulting micrographs largely depicted aggregated domains or regions of mechanical disruption (Figure 2A–D), where the gel network had broken during sample compression between glass slides or where air bubbles were trapped (Figure 2A). In comparatively intact regions of the gels, fibrillar

• has been pulled apart because of compression of the sample. (C) Homogeneous, unbroken area of ZnPc@Gel. (D) Area exhibiting partial gel disruption. Imaging parameters: laser 650 nm, emission LP filter 650 nm, laser power 100%. CLSM micrographs of DPP-BC@Gel, [DPP-BC] = 100 µM. (A) Micrograph of the

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• Munisa A. Tomayeva Vyacheslav D. Neverov Andrey V. Krasavin Alexei Vagov Mihail D. Croitoru National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russian

• = 64. Local density of states normalized to the value of Δbulk along the symmetry axis. (a) η = −0.5; (b) η = −0.1; (c) η = 0; (d) η = 0.1; (e) η = 0.5. The black arrows show the location of the S–N interface on the z-axis. Spatial distribution of the superconducting pair amplitude across the NS

• correspond to fitted dependencies. (d, e) Fit coefficients α, z0 as functions of the curvature η for the functional dependence of the superconducting pair amplitude F(z > 0) = F(z→+0)[(z0)/(z0 + z)]α in the normal region. (a) The difference in gaps at the NS junction as a function of the NS junction

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• ; molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs); nanobiosensor; Introduction Micronutrients including vitamins and minerals play key roles in modulating body growth, preventing a wide range of diseases and disorders, and maintaining general health and wellness [1][2]. Apart from vitamin D, which the body can

• synthesize under sunlight exposure, all other micronutrients must be obtained via dietary intake [3]. Vitamins are classified into two distinct categories, namely, water-soluble (e.g., vitamin C and vitamin B group) and fat-soluble (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, and K). Vitamin B12 (VB12) is among B-group vitamins

• enzymes (i.e., MMACHC, methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type-D protein (MMADHC), and methionine synthase reductase). The physiological functions of AdoCbl and MeCbl are activated when they bind to their respective target enzymes like methionine synthase (MetH) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• , black curve) outer ring diameter dout = 80 μm, inner ring diameter din = 70 μm, period P = 86 μm; (b, red curve) dout = 64 μm, din = 56 μm, P = 68.8 μm; (c, blue curve) dout = 48 μm, din = 42 μm, P = 51.6 μm; (d, purple curve) dout = 32 μm, din = 28 μm, P = 34.4 μm. Bottom: AFC of the 19 SRR-based

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• diameter of the particles adsorbed on 3-(ethoxydimethylsilyl)propylamine (APDMES) silicon was estimated. The dimanno-AuNPs exhibited a mean size of 14.8 ± 1.6 nm (Figure 3A,C), and the size of the PEG AuNPs was 14.3 ± 1.5 nm (Figure 3B,D). The organic layers of PEG and dimannoside are transparent to

• following exposure to D2O. The rationale for using D2O was to differentiate the hydroxy groups of sugar molecules from those associated with adsorbed or absorbed water, based on the known disparity in H–D exchange rates between sugar-bound OH groups and those in pure bulk water [29][30]. In this experiment

• changing the humidity level. We recorded ca. 250 measurements of single particles on random positions (Figure 8B,D and Table 1). The data at variable humidity for dimanno-AuNPs fit well with the observations under hydrophilic conditions; we found an increase in zmax of 1.7 nm from low to high humidity